EP0573313B1 - Herstellung von mineralisolierten elektrischen Kabeln - Google Patents

Herstellung von mineralisolierten elektrischen Kabeln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0573313B1
EP0573313B1 EP19930304420 EP93304420A EP0573313B1 EP 0573313 B1 EP0573313 B1 EP 0573313B1 EP 19930304420 EP19930304420 EP 19930304420 EP 93304420 A EP93304420 A EP 93304420A EP 0573313 B1 EP0573313 B1 EP 0573313B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
die
insulated electric
mineral insulated
dies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930304420
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0573313A3 (de
EP0573313A2 (de
Inventor
Eric Mills
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balfour Beatty PLC
Original Assignee
BICC PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BICC PLC filed Critical BICC PLC
Publication of EP0573313A2 publication Critical patent/EP0573313A2/de
Publication of EP0573313A3 publication Critical patent/EP0573313A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0573313B1 publication Critical patent/EP0573313B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/004—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing rigid-tube cables

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of manufacturing mineral insulated electric cables, that is to say cables of the kind comprising at least one elongate conductor insulated from a surrounding sheath of metal or metal alloy, and where there is more than one elongate conductor insulated from the other conductor or conductors, by compacted mineral insulating powder, usually but not necessarily magnesium oxide.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with manufacture of mineral insulated electric cable by a method in which the filled tube is reduced to a required cross-sectional size by causing the filled tube to pass through one or more than one die.
  • the cable may be passed through differently sized dies twenty or more times and after each pass or every few passes through a die the cable must be annealed before continuing with the process, so that, during manufacture, the cable may be annealed ten to twenty times.
  • the annealing contributes significantly to the cost of manufacture of the cable since each annealing step may last typically three hours.
  • the nominal cross-sectional area to which a filled tube is reduced can gradually increase, and the standard of surface finish of the reduced filled tube can gradually deteriorate, as the die becomes worn and, as a consequence, production of mineral insulated electric cable must be interrupted for a worn die to be replaced.
  • a filled tube is caused to pass through a plurality of dies in order for its cross-section to be reduced to the required size, frequent interruption of production to replace a worn die can be uneconomic.
  • a method of manufacturing mineral insulated electric cable which comprises locating one or more conductor rods in a metal tube, introducing mineral insulating powder into the tube and then drawing the filled tube through one or more reducing dies to reduce the diameter of the tube to the required size, characterised in that the die or at least one of the dies is continuously subjected to ultrasonic radial vibrations.
  • the method according to the present invention has the advantage that, in many circumstances it is possible to increase the degree of reduction in cross-sectional area of the filled tube during a single pass through a die.
  • the degree of reduction in cross-sectional area that can be achieved in general will depend on a number of factors, for example on the metal employed for the sheath, on the number of passes through the drawing dies and on other processing conditions.
  • a reduction in the cross-sectional area of 40% or more may consistently be achieved between annealing steps, at least for a range of sheath metals, and usually with only one or two drawing operations. This has the effect that the number of passes through the dies can be reduced during manufacture of the cable and, more importantly, also the number of annealing steps with a consequent considerable reduction in time required for manufacture.
  • the number of annealing steps can be reduced from about thirteen to ten or fewer, e.g. about eight.
  • the ability to increase the degree to which the filled tube can be reduced on a single pass through the die is due at least partly to the surprising observation that the so called “powder damage" to the internal conductor(s) and to the internal surface of the tube is significantly reduced, at a given die reduction ratio, according to the invention.
  • the powder damage is the damage to the relatively soft (e.g. copper) internal conductor(s) of the filled tube caused by the mineral insulating powder as it is compacted during passage of the tube through the die.
  • This damage can cause irregularities in the conductor(s) and even breakage.
  • the degree of powder damage increases with the degree to which the tube is reduced in cross-section in a single pass through the die, and the reduction of this damage as compared with conventional pulling methods enables higher reduction ratios to be employed.
  • the filled tube may be drawn through a die as described for example in British Patent Specifications Nos: 1,389,214 and 2,251,570A (published on 15th July 1992).
  • the frequency of the ultrasonic radial vibrations of the die or of at least one of the dies is in the region of 20kHz.
  • the or each ultrasonically radially vibrated die is lubricated using a lubricant conventionally employed in the drawing down of filled tube in a method of mineral insulated electric cable manufacture as hereinbefore described.
  • Reduction in cross-sectional size of a filled tube by passage through one or more than one ultrasonically radially vibrated die to a required size may be effected in one or more than one drawing down operation.
  • the reduced filled tube is annealed.
  • the filled tube may be annealed by any appropriate method, for example by being placed in an annealing oven, bell annealing or by in-line annealing.
  • the method according to the invention also has the advantage that a die which is ultrasonically radially vibrated will be normally subjected to less wear - and hence have a substantially longer service life - than a comparable die which is not ultrasonically radially vibrated, and an ultrasonically radially vibrated die will usually provide a better surface finish on a filled tube than that provided by a comparable die which is not ultrasonically radially vibrated.
  • the energy required to draw a filled tube of a predetermined cross-sectional size and at a predetermined speed through one or more than one ultrasonically radially vibrating die to reduce its cross-section to a predetermined size is substantially less than that required to draw a comparable filled tube at the same speed through one or more than one conventional die to reduce its cross-section to the same predetermined size.
  • Mineral insulated electric cables having a sheath of any one of the metals or metal alloys currently employed in the manufacture of such cables for example copper can be manufactured by the improved method of the invention but the improved method of the invention is especially suitable for use in the manufacture of mineral insulated electric cable having a sheath of an alloy that cannot be readily cold worked.
  • the method may be employed with advantage where the sheath is formed from stainless steel, nickel based alloys (Inconels, Incoloys and Hastalloys), copper-nickel alloys, ferritic, austenitic stainless steels, precipitation hardened stainless steels, nickel-copper alloys (Monels) and cobalt based alloys.
  • thermocouple alloys e.g. types K,N,J,E,T
  • mineral insulated heating cables in conjunction with conductors formed from resistance alloys (e.g. Nichrome alloys, Kutherm, Ferry and copper).
  • the number of conductors may be 1 or 2 in heating cables or 2,4 or 6 in thermocouple cables.
  • Mineral insulating powders normally employed in mineral insulating cable may be used in the process according to the present invention, for example alumina, silica, magnesia, calcium oxide or combinations thereof, but other powders may also be used.
  • the metal tube into which the mineral insulating powder and conductor rod or rods are simultaneously fed may be a preformed tube or it may be a tube which is continuously formed by transversely folding an advancing strip of ductile metal and continuously welding the abutting edges of the folded strip together to form a welded seam.
  • Tubes were drawn at conventional speeds and at ultrasonic power levels of zero and 3 kilowatts at a frequency of 20.98 KHz. The first two tubes were drawn without ultrasonic energy being supplied to the die. The resulting cables were heavily scored and totally unsuitable for further processing. This experiment was repeated on the remaining eight tubes from the batch with the application of 3 kilowatts of ultrasonic energy applied to the die. All eight tubes were drawn without any evidence of surface damage. Following an annealing heat treatment, these eight tubes were processed through a series of drawing dies each reducing the cross-sectional area of the tubes by between 41.4 and 43.6% in a single pass. Each pass being followed by an annealing heat treatment.
  • the cables were processed without producing unacceptable surface damage from a starting diameter of approximately 18mm to a finishing diameter of 6mm.
  • the cable in an annealed condition was subjected to the same testing and inspection standards as cable processed without the aid of ultrasonic assistance. Testing procedures on the cables were voltage withstand, insulation resistance between conductor rods and the outer sheath (the Alloy 600), conductor rod resistance and sheath punctures (holes which completely penetrate the outer sheath wall thickness).
  • the cables were also examined metallographically to compare the surface roughness of the inside wall of the sheath and that of the conductor rod, (caused by abrasion by the insulating powder during drawing down) with the surface finish normally produced when tubes are processed by conventional drawing and annealing in a series of smaller reduction steps. These examinations confirmed that the degree of surface damage to the metallic components was similar to that normally observed.
  • Example 1 was repeated using cables consisting of a stainless steel (BS970 Part 1 310 S31) tube filled with the same grade of magnesia and 2 Type K thermoelements. Reductions in area of 41.4 to 43.6% were consistently achieved with ultrasonic assisted drawing which could not be achieved by conventional drawing. In addition the extent of surface damage to the metallic components of the cables was acceptable.
  • BS970 Part 1 310 S31 stainless steel
  • Example 2 was repeated with five cables consisting of a stainless steel tube (BS970 Part 1 321 S31), the same grade of magnesia and two pairs (i.e. 4 conductor rods) of Type K thermoelements. The same results were observed.
  • Example 3 was repeated with cables consisting of a stainless steel tube (BS970 Part 1 321 S31), the same grade of magnesia and one Nichrome (Nickel chromium alloy) conductor. The same results were observed.
  • Example 3 was repeated with cables consisting of a stainless steel tube (BS970 Part 1 316 S11), the same grade of magnesia and four Nickel 201 conductors. The same results were observed.
  • Examples 1 and 2 were repeated with the exception that the tubes were drawn through two dies before they were annealed. In this way reductions in area of 45 to 47% were achieved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung mineralisolierter elektrischer Kabel mit:
    Anordnen eines Leiterstabs oder mehrerer Leiterstäbe in einem Metallrohr,
    Einfüllen von mineralisolierendem Pulver in das Rohr, und dann
    Ziehen des gefüllten Rohrs durch eine oder mehrere Reduzierungsform(en), um den Durchmesser des Rohrs auf die gewünschte Größe zu reduzieren,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
       die Form oder mindestens eine der Formen kontinuierlich Ultraschallradialschwingungen ausgesetzt ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Rohr in der Querschnittsfläche um mindestens 40% reduziert wird, wenn es durch die oder mindestens eine der Reduzierungsformen hindurchläuft.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Rohr nicht mehr als zehn Mal während des Ziehens geglüht wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Rohr aus rostfreiem Stahl, einer Legierung auf Nickelbasis oder einer Legierung auf Kobaltbasis gebildet ist.
EP19930304420 1992-06-05 1993-06-07 Herstellung von mineralisolierten elektrischen Kabeln Expired - Lifetime EP0573313B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929211944A GB9211944D0 (en) 1992-06-05 1992-06-05 Mineral insulated electric cable manufacture
GB9211944 1992-06-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0573313A2 EP0573313A2 (de) 1993-12-08
EP0573313A3 EP0573313A3 (de) 1994-02-09
EP0573313B1 true EP0573313B1 (de) 1996-12-27

Family

ID=10716611

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930304420 Expired - Lifetime EP0573313B1 (de) 1992-06-05 1993-06-07 Herstellung von mineralisolierten elektrischen Kabeln

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0573313B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69306862T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2095575T3 (de)
GB (2) GB9211944D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108355172A (zh) * 2018-04-17 2018-08-03 上海市第六人民医院 一种软组织修复用脱细胞罗非鱼皮仿生基质及其制备方法和应用
CN109243706A (zh) * 2018-08-21 2019-01-18 博侃电气（合肥）有限公司 一种加热测温矿物绝缘电缆的生产线及其电缆制备方法
CN114769945B (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-12-27 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 一种提高异质材料钎焊强度的高活性药芯钎料及制备方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2638207A (en) * 1947-11-17 1953-05-12 Engineering Res Associates Inc Method and apparatus for forming wire and the like
US3212312A (en) * 1963-06-21 1965-10-19 Aeroprojects Inc Apparatus utilizing vibratory energy
AT246082B (de) * 1964-09-08 1966-03-25 Verfahren zur Erleichterung spanloser Ziehverformung durch Ultraschall
US3737997A (en) * 1970-07-13 1973-06-12 Sensor Dynamics Inc Continuous manufacture of shielded conductors
AT325565B (de) * 1971-08-16 1975-10-27 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Verfahren zur erleichterung der spanlosen verformung schwer vorformbarer metallischer werkstoffe mit hilfe von ultraschall
JPS5422422B2 (de) * 1971-12-29 1979-08-07
GB1554860A (en) * 1975-11-06 1979-10-31 Bicc Ltd Manufacture of mineral insulated electric cables
AT353737B (de) * 1976-09-16 1979-11-26 Langenecker Bertwin Dr Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ziehen von draehten, stangen, rohren u.dgl.
JPH0342110A (ja) * 1989-07-07 1991-02-22 Nkk Corp 管の超音波引抜き加工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2267991A (en) 1993-12-22
EP0573313A3 (de) 1994-02-09
GB9211944D0 (en) 1992-07-15
GB9311713D0 (en) 1993-07-21
DE69306862T2 (de) 1997-05-07
ES2095575T3 (es) 1997-02-16
DE69306862D1 (de) 1997-02-06
EP0573313A2 (de) 1993-12-08

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