EP0557351B1 - Procede pour la fabrication d'un recipient en papier dont le bord de decoupe est protege contre l'humidite, ainsi que recipient en papier fabrique selon ce procede - Google Patents
Procede pour la fabrication d'un recipient en papier dont le bord de decoupe est protege contre l'humidite, ainsi que recipient en papier fabrique selon ce procede Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0557351B1 EP0557351B1 EP91919913A EP91919913A EP0557351B1 EP 0557351 B1 EP0557351 B1 EP 0557351B1 EP 91919913 A EP91919913 A EP 91919913A EP 91919913 A EP91919913 A EP 91919913A EP 0557351 B1 EP0557351 B1 EP 0557351B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- edge
- edge strip
- thickness
- blank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/56—Linings or internal coatings, e.g. pre-formed trays provided with a blow- or thermoformed layer
- B65D5/563—Laminated linings; Coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
- B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
- B29C66/02245—Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
- B29C66/72328—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
- B65D3/22—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines with double walls; with walls incorporating air-chambers; with walls made of laminated material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/4279—Joints, seams, leakproof joints or corners, special connections between panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
- B31B50/74—Auxiliary operations
- B31B50/742—Coating; Impregnating; Waterproofing; Decoating
- B31B50/743—Coating or impregnating edges or corners
Definitions
- edge strip is milled to about half the thickness (or wedge-shaped) in order to be able to strike back on itself, but this requires the addition of glue and / or a loss of strength.
- edge strip is practically completely milled down to the remaining coating, but this is only possible with a thick, inherently stable coating.
- the edge strip is milled to a thickness at which the combination of the remaining paper layer and coating just ensures the inherent strength required for the milling process and the subsequent handling.
- Their thinness of a maximum of 0.2 mm allows the milled and folded edge strips to be inserted between the overlapping edges of the container blank, without the overall thickness of the seam thereby increasing in a disruptive manner.
- the additional thickness of the seam is not greater than when the edge is sealed with a special plastic strip. It is also surprising that it is possible to direct the power transmission between the cut edges exclusively or at least to a considerable extent over the folded-over, milled edge strips.
- the remaining paper layer is expediently approximately as large as or not thicker than twice the common thickness of the sealing material layers available on both sides or - according to another characterization - approximately as large as or not larger than twice the sum the mutual penetration depths of the sealing material.
- Two blank edges 1 and 2 of a blank which consists of paper which is sealably coated on both sides with thermoplastic plastic or corresponding fibrous material, are sealed to one another according to FIG. 4 to form an overlap seam, for example the jacket seam of a paper cup.
- the cutting edge 5 is protected from the effects of liquids.
- the material used consists of a paper layer 6, an inner sealable coating 7 and an outer sealable coating 8.
- the thickness of the paper material 6 in the scope of the invention is generally between 0.35 and 0.5 mm.
- the coatings 7, 8 are generally in the thickness range from about 0.02 to 0.05 mm.
- an edge strip 9 of the blank is first milled to a thickness 10 from the side later to be determined on the outside by known means.
- the edge strip 9 then has only a thin residual layer 11 of the fibrous material on the coating 7, the thickness of which is of the order of 0.1 mm. This thickness is sufficient to give the edge strips the inherent strength necessary for the milling process and the subsequent treatment.
- the milling can be carried out on the individual blanks. However, it is also possible to make them on the edges of a web from which the blanks are then made.
- the folded edge strip is connected to the cut edge 2 by means of the sealable coating 8 on the outside. Finally, the overlap seam is finished by means of ultrasonic sealing under pressure according to FIG. 4. The cutting edge 5 is then tight from the inside of the container. completed.
- the power transmission between the cutting edges 1 and 2 runs from the coating 8 of the cutting edge 2 to the paper residue 11 of the edge strip, from there to the coating 12 belonging to it, which is part of the coating 7 on the inside, and from this to the coating 7 of the inside Edge strip 1. Since the paper residual layer 11 is thin and reinforced by the plastic penetrating in the sealing process, it can also transmit forces which act in the direction of the arrow 13 without being delaminated.
- the folded edge strip can extend over the entire width of the overlap seam or - in other words - when measuring the width of the overlap seam there is no need to take the folded edge strip into account. If you want to protect it from moisture on the outside, it is enough to make the seam just a little wider than the folded edge strip, so that it still occupies more than two thirds of the width of the seam.
- the sealing material that is to say the plastic that becomes molten in the sealing process and can be formed by the coating material or a special order, penetrates more or less deeply into the paper layer in the sealing process.
- the depth of penetration is determined by the flowability of the sealing material, the pressing pressure and the pressing time as well as the openness or porosity of the paper. This results in a certain depth of penetration, which can also be influenced by the selection of these parameters.
- a complete penetration through the sealing material is not necessary. It has been shown that the milling process has a favorable effect on the conditions for the penetration of the sealing material, because the roughening of the milled surface inevitably associated with the milling process improves its openness and thus the possibilities for penetration for the liquid sealing material.
- two layer thicknesses of the inner coating 7 are available on the outside of the residual layer 11 and one layer thickness of the outer coating 8 on the inside for connection and consolidation.
- an inner layer thickness of 0.035 mm and an outer layer thickness of 0.02 mm this is a total of 0.09 mm. Even if only a small part of it penetrates into the residual layer 11, this is sufficient for a force-transmitting connection with a thickness of this residual layer of approximately 0.1 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
Abstract
Claims (8)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un récipient en papier à partir d'un flan de papier enduit d'un revêtement thermosoudable, avec un joint à recouvrement dans lequel un chant du flan est protégé contre l'humidité, procédé dans lequel une bande en bordure du flan, située au dehors du chant à protéger du flan, est amincie à la fraise en laissant un revêtement et une couche restante du papier, est rabattue autour du chant du flan et est engagée dans le joint à recouvrement, caractérisé en ce que, avec un papier qui est enduit d'un revêtement thermosoudable sur ses deux faces, la bande bordante est amincie à la fraise à une épaisseur résiduelle du papier d'environ 0,1 mm et non supérieure à 0,2 mm, et la bande bordante est jointe par thermosoudage sous pression à la surface enduite de revêtement sur laquelle elle est rabattue.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le soudage est effectué par ultrasons.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche restante de papier dans la bande bordante n'est pas supérieure au double de la somme des profondeurs de pénétration de la matière de soudage sur les deux faces.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche restante de papier dans la bande bordante n'est pas supérieure au double de l'épaisseur totale des couches de matière de soudage disponibles initialement sur les deux faces.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la bande bordante rabattue est soudée avant que le joint à recouvrement ne soit fermé.
- Récipient en papier enduit d'un revêtement thermosoudable, comportant, au niveau d'un joint à recouvrement, un chant du flan de papier qui est protégé contre l'humidité, récipient dans lequel une bande bordante amincie par fraisage, qui prolonge le revêtement (7) du côté opposé au joint du bord du flan formant ledit chant (5), est rabattue autour du chant à protéger pour pénétrer entre les couches superposées du joint et y être fixée, caractérisé en ce que le papier est enduit d'un revêtement sur ses deux faces et en ce que la couche restante (11) du papier dans la bande bordante amincie par fraisage, dont l'épaisseur est d'environ 0,1 mm et n'est pas supérieure à 0,2 mm, est jointe par thermosoudage à la surface enduite du bord du flan qui forme ledit chant (5).
- Récipient en papier selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche restante du papier est imprégnée de la matière de revêtement jusqu'à une épaisseur qui n'est pas supérieure à 0,1 mm environ.
- Récipient en papier selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de la bande bordante amincie par fraisage correspond au moins à 2/3 environ de la largeur du joint à recouvrement.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4036454A DE4036454A1 (de) | 1990-11-15 | 1990-11-15 | Verfahren zum schutz der schnittkante von beschichtetem papier vor durchfeuchtung |
DE4036454 | 1990-11-15 | ||
PCT/EP1991/002153 WO1992008652A1 (fr) | 1990-11-15 | 1991-11-15 | Procede pour la fabrication d'un recipient en papier dont le bord de decoupe est protege contre l'humidite, ainsi que recipient en papier fabrique selon ce procede |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0557351A1 EP0557351A1 (fr) | 1993-09-01 |
EP0557351B1 true EP0557351B1 (fr) | 1994-06-01 |
Family
ID=6418337
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91919913A Expired - Lifetime EP0557351B1 (fr) | 1990-11-15 | 1991-11-15 | Procede pour la fabrication d'un recipient en papier dont le bord de decoupe est protege contre l'humidite, ainsi que recipient en papier fabrique selon ce procede |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0557351B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06502374A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE4036454A1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0557351T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992008652A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4218393C2 (de) * | 1992-06-04 | 1994-10-20 | 4 P Nicolaus Kempten Gmbh | Verfahren zum Abdichten der Schnittkante eines Kartonzuschnittes und so hergestellte Längsnaht |
US5810243A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1998-09-22 | International Paper Company | Paperboard cartons having protected board raw edges surfaces and method of manufacture |
WO1998018680A1 (fr) * | 1995-07-03 | 1998-05-07 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Emballage protege |
EP1764213A1 (fr) | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-21 | Bobst S.A. | Matériau d'emballage, flan et récipient pour liquide et procédés pour leur fabrication |
FI124502B (fi) * | 2006-05-18 | 2014-09-30 | Stora Enso Oyj | Menetelmä kartongin tai paperin raakareunan suojaamiseksi |
CA2762818C (fr) * | 2009-05-21 | 2014-02-11 | Zhiquan Q. Yan | Receptacle en carton ferme hermetiquement a performance de barriere amelioree |
DE102014015959A1 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-19 | Sig Technology Ag | Vorrichtung, insbesondere zum Verschließen eines Kopfbereichs eines Nahrungsmittelbehälters, aus einem Laminat mit geschältem und teilweise auf sich selbst umgeschlagenen Randbereich |
DE102014015961A1 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Sig Technology Ag | Behältervorläufer, insbesondere zum Herstellen eines Nahrungsmittelbehälters, aus einem Laminat mit geschältem und teilweise auf sich selbst umgeschlagenen Randbereich |
DE102014015960A1 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Sig Technology Ag | Behältervorläufer, insbesondere zum Herstellen eines Nahrungsmittelbehälters, aus einemLaminat mit einer Gas- und Aromabarriere aus Kunststoff und einem geschältem und teilweise auf sich selbst umgeschlagenen Randbereich |
DE102016003824A1 (de) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | Sig Technology Ag | Packungsmantel, Verpackung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verpackung |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3198416A (en) * | 1962-09-10 | 1965-08-03 | Packaging Corp America | Method of preventing wicking and moisture and vapor absorption and penetration in paperboard cartons, and cartons produced by such method |
-
1990
- 1990-11-15 DE DE4036454A patent/DE4036454A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-11-15 EP EP91919913A patent/EP0557351B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-15 JP JP3517986A patent/JPH06502374A/ja active Pending
- 1991-11-15 DK DK91919913.3T patent/DK0557351T3/da active
- 1991-11-15 WO PCT/EP1991/002153 patent/WO1992008652A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1991-11-15 DE DE59101815T patent/DE59101815D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4036454A1 (de) | 1992-05-21 |
JPH06502374A (ja) | 1994-03-17 |
DK0557351T3 (da) | 1994-10-10 |
DE59101815D1 (de) | 1994-07-07 |
EP0557351A1 (fr) | 1993-09-01 |
WO1992008652A1 (fr) | 1992-05-29 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19930420 |
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