EP0552554A1 - Schmierölzusammensetzungen - Google Patents

Schmierölzusammensetzungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0552554A1
EP0552554A1 EP92311497A EP92311497A EP0552554A1 EP 0552554 A1 EP0552554 A1 EP 0552554A1 EP 92311497 A EP92311497 A EP 92311497A EP 92311497 A EP92311497 A EP 92311497A EP 0552554 A1 EP0552554 A1 EP 0552554A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
composition according
oil composition
component
ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92311497A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0552554B1 (de
Inventor
Grenville Holt
Bruce Lawrence John Murray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BP PLC
Original Assignee
BP PLC
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0552554A1 publication Critical patent/EP0552554A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0552554B1 publication Critical patent/EP0552554B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02—Well-defined hydrocarbons
    • C10M105/04—Well-defined hydrocarbons aliphatic
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/34—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/045—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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    • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to environmentally friendly lubricating oil compositions for automotive engines.
  • Lubricating oil compositions for use in automotive engines are well known. These compositions usually contain a base fluid which may comprise mineral oils, hydrocarbon oils and/or synthetic fluids and conventional additives such as viscosity index (hereafter "VI") improvers, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, anti-wear additives and sludge control agents.
  • VI viscosity index
  • automotive engine oil development has seen a steady trend towards lower viscosity multigrades, principally to improve fuel efficiency.
  • the predominant viscosity grade has moved from a typically 20W/50 oil to a 10W/40 or a 5W/40 oil.
  • base oil blends can be formulated which not only improve the biodegradability thereof but achieve the same without loss of performance at the same time exhibiting relatively lower emissions, lower fuel consumption and lower oil consumption.
  • the present invention is a lubricating oil composition which has a major proportion of a base fluid which fluid comprises a blend of:
  • the base fluid comprises a blend of an ester and a hydrocarbon oil.
  • the ester component (a) is derivable by the reaction of an aliphatic mono-, di- and/or poly-carboxylic acid with, isotridecyl alcohol under esterification conditions.
  • esters include the isotridecyl esters of octane-1,8-dioic acid, 2-ethylhexane-1,6-dioic acid, nonane-1,9-dioic acid, decane-1,10-dioic acid and dodecane-1,12-dioic acid.
  • the hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the blend suitably is a hydrocracked wax distillate. More specifically, such hydrocarbon oils can contain upto 99.5% w/w, preferably upto 97% w/w, of aliphatic hydrocarbons and no more than 10% w/w of aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbons as used herein and throughout the specification is meant to include open chain aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as e.g. naphthenic hydrocarbons.
  • the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon oil is suitably less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm and more preferably less than 1 ppm. Typically such hydrocarbon oil contains from 92-97% w/w of aliphatics and 3-8% w/w of aromatics.
  • the hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the blend is suitably prepared by feeding a waxy distillate through a hydrocracker at 70-95% conversion under elevated temperature and hydrogen pressure.
  • a hydrocracker In the first stage of this hydrocracker, sulphur and nitrogen compounds are removed and in the second stage the aromatics are hydrogenated to naphthenes; the hydrogenated products including the naphthenes are cleaved and rearranged to produce a controlled range of paraffins and isoparaffins.
  • Fuels and lubricant products are separated by atmospheric distillation from the resultant hydrocracked products and the 5-35% heavy component is the hydrocarbon fraction used as the hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the blend.
  • a product produced by this method is substantially free of any unsaturates.
  • the resultant hydrocarbon oil has the following physical characteristics: Colour (ASTM D 1500) 1.5 Max Density (ASTM 1298) 0.83 KV(40°)/cSt (ASTM D 445) 17.28 KV(100°C)/cSt (ASTM D 445) 3.99 - 4.22 VI (ASTM D 2270) 123 - 128 Pour point/°C (ASTM D 97) -24 - -27 % S (XRF NFM 07053) 0.08 - 0.15 Total N/ppm ca 12 Aromatics by HPLC/% ca 7.7 Aliphatics By HPLC/% ca 92.3 Polycyclic aromatics/ppm - 0.1
  • about 20% w/w comprises isoparaffins having an average carbon number of about 27.
  • the relative amounts of the ester component (a) and the hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the base fluid within the specified ranges above will depend upon the nature of the two components and their relative viscosities. For instance, if the hydrocarbon component (b) is within the physical characteristic specification defined above, and the ester component (a) is isotridecyldodecanedioate, the amount of ester (a) in the blend may suitably vary from 30-50% w/w, preferably from 40-50% w/w.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention comprises minor proportions of conventional additives which include inter alia the following: one or more sludge dispersants, one or more VI improvers, one or more anti-wear additives, and one or more anti-oxidants.
  • the additive package used is known to comprise components which meet the stringent requirements of an API Performance Classification "SG". These requirements include successful testing in the following categories: rust test, dispersancy test, piston varnish test, low temperature sludge test and wear test.
  • Such additives are commercially available as an additives package sold e.g. as an "SG Additive Package" under the names GBX 2900 and GBX 2905 (both ex Adibis Ltd, UK).
  • Such an additive package suitably forms from 10-20% w/w, preferably from 11-16% w/w of the formulated lubricating composition.
  • compounds that may be present in such a package include anti-rust agents such as the overbased calcium or magnesium sulphonates or phenates; anti-wear agents such as the zinc dithiophosphates, preferably the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates containing 5-15% w/w phosphorus (normally prepared using a mixture of secondary alcohols and representing 0.05% -0.5% w/w of phosphorus, typically 0.1-0.14% phosphorus in the finished oil); ashless dispersancy agents such as derivatives of long chain hydrocarbon substituted succinimides, especially the polyisobutenyl succinimides; and sludge dispersants which are oil soluble salts such as amides, imides, oxazolines and esters of mono- or di-carboxylic acids or anhydrides.
  • the anti-oxidants typically contain phenolic compounds and a typical antioxidant is commercially available as ADX 545A (ex Adibis Ltd).
  • the anti-oxidants are suitably present in an amount from 0.01-5% w/w, preferably from 0.1-2.0% w/w of the formulated lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating compositions also contain one or more VI improvers.
  • VI improvers include polymethacrylate type dispersants commercially sold as Plexol 1420 VX (Regd Trade Mark, ex Rohm GmbH) and hydrotreated polyisoprenes commercially sold as Shellvis 200 (Regd Trade Mark, ex Shell UK Ltd). In the case of the latter, it may used as a solution in the hydrocarbon oil component (b) above.
  • the VI improvers are suitably present in an amount from 2 to 5% w/w of the formulated lubricating composition.
  • a typical formulated lubricating composition (A) can be represented by the following components in w/w %: SG Additives Package (GBX 2905, ex Adibis Ltd) 15.4 ADX 545A (anti-oxidant, ex Adibis Ltd) 1.0 Plexol* 1420 (VI improver, ex Rohm GmbH) 3.1 Shellvis* 200 (VI improver, 10% soln, ex Shell UK Ltd) 6.0 Isotridecyldodecanedioate 22.59 and Hydrocarbon oil** 52.71 * Registered Trade Mark ** The hydrocarbon oil is a hydrotreated wax distillate containing 92.3% w/w aliphatics and 7.7% w/w aromatics which is substantially free of any unsaturates and had a polycyclic aromatic content of about 0.1 ppm. An oil of this type is described above.
  • Variations of the formulated lubricating composition (A) shown above can also be formulated in which the relative amounts of ester and hydrocarbon oil are (B) 32.28% and 49.32% respectively or (C) 39.5% each.
  • the performance of the lubricating compositions formulated in this manner upon engine testing showed relatively lower emissions, lower fuel consumption, lower oil consumption and low nitrogen oxides emission.
  • the formulated lubricating compositions according to the present invention were at least 80% biodegradable as measured by the CEC standard test procedure. The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following Examples:
  • a base fluid was prepared using isotridecyldodecanedioate, and a hydrocracked wax distillate having the following physical characteristics: Property Typical Specification Test Method Colour 1.5 max ASTM D 1500 Density 0.83 ASTM D 1298 KV 40/cSt 17.28 ASTM d 445 KV 100/cSt 3.99 ASTM d 445 VI 128 ASTM D 2270 PMC/°C 220 ASTM D 93 Pour Point -27 ASTM D 97 Demulse/mins ⁇ 5 NFT* 60-125 Noack volatility/% 15.8 DIN 51581 Sulphur/% 0.08 XRF NFM 07053 CA/% 2 Brandes Method *Correlates with ASTM D 1401
  • This hydrocarbon oil was used to prepare formulated lubricating oil compositions according to the formulation in (A) in the following Examples 1-3.
  • the formulation was prepared using standard lubricant blending techniques described e.g. in "Lubricants and Related Products” by D Klamann, published by Verlag Chemie, 1984.
  • the formulated composition had the following characteristics: Property Limits Methods Viscosity @ 100°C 13.6-14.5 cSt ASTM D 445 Viscosity @ 40°C 75.0-83.0 cSt ASTM D 445 Viscosity @ -25°C ⁇ 3500 cP ASTM D 2602 Noack volatility 8.5-11.0% DIN 51581 Biodegradability >80% CEC-L-33-T-82 Calcium 0.300-0.332 ICP Phosphorus 0.102-0.114 ICP Zinc 0.105-0.135 ICP
  • the formulated composition had the following characteristics: Property Limits Method Viscosity @ 100°C 14.0 cSt ASTM D445 Viscosity @ -25°C 3200 cP ASTM D2602 Noack volatility 10.7% DIN 51581 Biodegradability 87% CEL-L-33-T-82 Calcium content 0.283 ICP Phosphorus content 0.119 ICP Zinc content 0.128 ICP
  • the formulated composition had the following properties: Property Limits Method Viscosity @ 100°C 14.5 cSt ASTM D445 Viscosity @ -25°C 3300 cP ASTM D2602 Noack volatility 10.4% DIM 51581 Biodegradability 86% CEC-L-33-T-82 Calcium content 0.310% ICP Phosphorus content 0.108% ICP Zinc content 0.125% ICP
  • compositions according to the present invention containing the blended base fluid according to the present invention show superior properties to those of prior art, especially in respect of their biodegradability.
EP92311497A 1992-01-22 1992-12-16 Schmierölzusammensetzungen Expired - Lifetime EP0552554B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929201338A GB9201338D0 (en) 1992-01-22 1992-01-22 Lubricating oil compositions
GB9201338 1992-01-22

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EP0552554A1 true EP0552554A1 (de) 1993-07-28
EP0552554B1 EP0552554B1 (de) 1997-03-05

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EP (1) EP0552554B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3406339B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE149559T1 (de)
AU (1) AU654603B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2086345C (de)
DE (1) DE69217907T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0552554T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2098464T3 (de)
FI (1) FI107052B (de)
GB (1) GB9201338D0 (de)
GR (1) GR3022747T3 (de)
NO (1) NO305761B1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ245717A (de)
SG (1) SG46151A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA9374B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996017910A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Biodegradable branched synthetic ester base stocks and lubricants formed therefrom
US5562867A (en) * 1993-12-30 1996-10-08 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Biodegradable two-cycle oil composition
EP1266955A1 (de) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Infineum International Limited Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen
EP1266954A1 (de) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Infineum International Limited Spezifische Basisölgemische für Dieselmotorenschmierzusammensetzungen
US7067049B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2006-06-27 Exxonmobil Oil Corporation Formulated lubricant oils containing high-performance base oils derived from highly paraffinic hydrocarbons
EP2609178A1 (de) * 2010-08-25 2013-07-03 Panolin Holding AG Esteröle
US10822569B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2020-11-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US10851324B2 (en) 2018-02-27 2020-12-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US10899989B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2021-01-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Amino acid grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US11046908B2 (en) 2019-01-11 2021-06-29 Afton Chemical Corporation Oxazoline modified dispersants

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1131926A (en) * 1967-03-10 1968-10-30 Shell Int Research Improvements in or relating to ester-based lubricants
DE1913538A1 (de) * 1969-03-18 1970-10-01 Technochemie Gmbh Hochleistungs-Mehrbereichsschmieroele
DE1594641A1 (de) * 1966-05-06 1971-01-28 Technochemie Gmbh Mehrbereichsoele
FR2195674A1 (de) * 1972-08-09 1974-03-08 Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania
US3974081A (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-08-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Biodegradable seal swell additive with low toxicity properties for automatic transmission fluids, power transmission fluids and rotary engine oil applications
EP0259809A2 (de) * 1986-09-08 1988-03-16 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Schmierölgemisch
EP0468109A1 (de) * 1990-07-24 1992-01-29 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Biologisch abbaubare Schmieröle und funktionelle Flüssigkeiten

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0730345B2 (ja) * 1986-09-08 1995-04-05 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物

Patent Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1594641A1 (de) * 1966-05-06 1971-01-28 Technochemie Gmbh Mehrbereichsoele
GB1131926A (en) * 1967-03-10 1968-10-30 Shell Int Research Improvements in or relating to ester-based lubricants
DE1913538A1 (de) * 1969-03-18 1970-10-01 Technochemie Gmbh Hochleistungs-Mehrbereichsschmieroele
FR2195674A1 (de) * 1972-08-09 1974-03-08 Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania
US3974081A (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-08-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Biodegradable seal swell additive with low toxicity properties for automatic transmission fluids, power transmission fluids and rotary engine oil applications
EP0259809A2 (de) * 1986-09-08 1988-03-16 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Schmierölgemisch
EP0468109A1 (de) * 1990-07-24 1992-01-29 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Biologisch abbaubare Schmieröle und funktionelle Flüssigkeiten

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5562867A (en) * 1993-12-30 1996-10-08 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Biodegradable two-cycle oil composition
WO1996017910A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Biodegradable branched synthetic ester base stocks and lubricants formed therefrom
US5681800A (en) * 1994-12-08 1997-10-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Biodegradable branched synthetic ester base stocks and lubricants formed therefrom
US7067049B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2006-06-27 Exxonmobil Oil Corporation Formulated lubricant oils containing high-performance base oils derived from highly paraffinic hydrocarbons
SG112841A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2005-07-28 Infineum Int Ltd Lubricating oil compositions
US6649576B2 (en) 2001-06-15 2003-11-18 Infineum International Inc. Lubricating oil compositions
EP1266954A1 (de) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Infineum International Limited Spezifische Basisölgemische für Dieselmotorenschmierzusammensetzungen
EP1266955A1 (de) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Infineum International Limited Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen
EP2609178A1 (de) * 2010-08-25 2013-07-03 Panolin Holding AG Esteröle
US10822569B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2020-11-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US10851324B2 (en) 2018-02-27 2020-12-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US10899989B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2021-01-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Amino acid grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US11046908B2 (en) 2019-01-11 2021-06-29 Afton Chemical Corporation Oxazoline modified dispersants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69217907D1 (de) 1997-04-10
FI930241A0 (fi) 1993-01-21
CA2086345C (en) 2003-07-08
DK0552554T3 (da) 1997-06-16
FI107052B (fi) 2001-05-31
SG46151A1 (en) 1998-02-20
NO930192L (no) 1993-07-23
JPH05295383A (ja) 1993-11-09
EP0552554B1 (de) 1997-03-05
CA2086345A1 (en) 1993-07-23
JP3406339B2 (ja) 2003-05-12
DE69217907T2 (de) 1997-06-12
GB9201338D0 (en) 1992-03-11
GR3022747T3 (en) 1997-06-30
ES2098464T3 (es) 1997-05-01
NO305761B1 (no) 1999-07-19
AU654603B2 (en) 1994-11-10
FI930241A (fi) 1993-07-23
AU3032492A (en) 1993-07-29
NZ245717A (en) 1994-11-25
ATE149559T1 (de) 1997-03-15
NO930192D0 (no) 1993-01-21
ZA9374B (en) 1994-07-06

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