EP0550873A1 - Heat insulating moulded element for cladding building walls - Google Patents

Heat insulating moulded element for cladding building walls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0550873A1
EP0550873A1 EP92121756A EP92121756A EP0550873A1 EP 0550873 A1 EP0550873 A1 EP 0550873A1 EP 92121756 A EP92121756 A EP 92121756A EP 92121756 A EP92121756 A EP 92121756A EP 0550873 A1 EP0550873 A1 EP 0550873A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped part
material layer
part according
heat
molded parts
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EP92121756A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0550873B1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Heinemann
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E04F13/0878—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer the basic insulating layer comprising mutual alignment or interlocking means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated thermal insulation molding in the form of a plate, a cassette, a panel or the like. for cladding building walls, with a heat insulation core made of heat-insulating foam.
  • Such molded parts are used for thermal insulation and simultaneous cladding of a building. They are arranged side by side in the horizontal and vertical directions, so that there is a closed surface. It goes without saying that in this way it is not only possible to cover outer walls but also inner walls.
  • the insulating core is foamed onto a sheet metal part which forms the molded part visible side facing the viewer and the longitudinal edges of the molded part which extend towards the rear and which can be plugged together with the adjacent molded parts in the horizontal direction.
  • a metal foil is glued to the back opposite the visible side.
  • the molded parts are delivered to the construction site in a prefabricated state delivered. There it may be necessary to cut at least some of the molded parts according to local conditions. However, this causes difficulties in the known molded parts because of the sheet metal skin. This also applies to cutting at the factory. In addition, a ridge usually remains on the cutting edge.
  • Another disadvantage is that the optical design of the surface facing the viewer is very limited, in that one can only emboss the metal sheet with a shape structure and / or give it a coat of paint. The metallic impression remains.
  • the dimensions of the metallic outer skin are subject to changes, depending on the prevailing temperature, because of the relatively large coefficient of thermal expansion known from metals, so that joints, projections or other irregularities can form at the joints of adjacent molded parts.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a molded part of the type mentioned at the outset which is not only easy to cut to size but can also be designed to be considerably more optically variable. In addition, temperature-dependent fluctuations in shape should be avoided as far as possible.
  • the Thermal insulation core is enclosed by a layer of material firmly connected to it, made of a thin plastic film or a thin, non-metallic, weatherproof non-woven or woven material.
  • the metal sheet is a material layer that can be cut in the same way as the foam insulation core with the required accuracy and effortlessly into the desired shape with a clean cutting edge.
  • This also makes it possible, for example, to chamfer the molded parts on their front edges in the assembled position at the top and bottom, which have been perpendicular to the visible side since then, in cross-section, in order to obtain a visually less noticeable collision of the molded parts which follow one another in this direction.
  • the material layer mentioned offers the possibility of attaching any visible covering to it, so that practically all customer requests for a certain appearance can be fulfilled.
  • the material layer is expediently formed by a glass fiber fleece or fabric. Without any additional treatment, this also fulfills the applicable fire protection regulations. Otherwise, the material layer must be subjected to a flame protection pretreatment. This also applies to the plastic film, which expediently consists of polyvinyl chloride.
  • the procedure is expediently such that the thermal insulation core is foamed onto the material layer.
  • This can take place in an endless expansion process, in which the foam forming the insulation core is foamed into the continuous material layer within the molding tool, so that the material layer presses against the wall of the molding tool under the expansion pressure of the foam and the molding strand is produced.
  • the molded parts can then be cut to the desired length from the resulting strand material. In this context, too, the good cutability of the material layer surrounding the insulation core is advantageous.
  • a visible covering can be applied to the material layer on the visible side of the molding facing the building wall.
  • the visible covering can be glued on be.
  • it can also be a mass spread or foamed onto the material layer, a visible covering made of polyvinyl chloride being particularly expedient.
  • Such a visible covering can be foamed onto the material layer enveloping the insulation core, as a result of which a homogeneous connection is obtained with it and, via this, with the insulation core. Because of this intimate connection, hairline cracks cannot even occur.
  • the visible covering can be provided with a structure that creates a favorable visual impression, for example with a structure similar to a plaster.
  • the color scheme is also variable.
  • the molded part can have an adhesive tape at least on one of its longitudinal edges for producing an adhesive connection between adjacent mounted molded parts.
  • a particularly expedient embodiment of the invention is finally characterized in that the molded part has on its rear side facing the building wall a soft foam layer which comes into contact with the building wall has foam-like elastic behavior. This accomplishes the following:
  • the fillers used have different physical properties, in particular a different coefficient of thermal expansion, such as the building wall and the thermal insulation molded parts, which can lead to cracks in the filler over time, mainly due to temperature fluctuations may even result in the thermal insulation molded parts or filler being detached from the building wall.
  • the molded parts are equipped with a soft foam layer on the back, the molded parts can be attached to the building wall using a leveling compound without first leveling out the unevenness of the wall, whereby the soft foam layer can be compressed elastically and thus adapts itself to the wall surface in question and hugs tightly. In this way, no voids can arise.
  • the soft foam layer is that it is elastically flexible in every direction, so that it can follow any changes in dimensions that may occur. Therefore, no cracks or the like. form.
  • such flexible foams are also permeable to water vapor, so that the thermal insulation molding, including the soft foam layer, is permeable to water vapor.
  • thermal insulation molded part is also suitable for cladding which is hung in front of the building wall.
  • the molded part 1 shown in the drawing is used to clad the walls of a building by placing a large number of such molded parts corresponding to the wall dimensions in the horizontal and vertical directions. It can be in the molded parts 1 to plates, cassettes, panels or the like. act. In the exemplary embodiment, they are designed such that they can be joined to the laterally adjacent molded part (in FIG. 1, such a laterally adjacent molded part is indicated by dash-dotted lines) via a plug-and-socket connection. For this purpose, they have a groove 3 on one of their vertical edges in the position of use, in the drawing on the longitudinal edge 2, and a groove 3 on the opposite longitudinal edge 4.
  • the upper end edge 6 and the opposite lower end edge of the rectangular outline molded part 1 can, as shown in Fig. 1, be flat, so that the successive molded parts in the vertical direction can be butted against each other with their flat end faces. So that the joint does not appear visually, the upper and lower front edges can also be cut roof-shaped, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • the upper end edge 6 ' protrudes like a roof, while the lower end edge 7' is cut into a roof shape, so that the two end edges fit into one another.
  • the molded parts can also be used in the reverse position, ie interchanged at the top and bottom.
  • the vertically successive molded parts 1 thus fit exactly into one another, so that the viewer is presented with a closed picture, so to speak.
  • the two molded parts 1 of the horizontal joint 8 can also be connected to one another by means of a suitable adhesive or the like, for example by means of a silicone strip.
  • the heat insulation molded part 1 shown has a heat insulation core 9 made of heat insulating material which essentially makes up the entire molded part. It is a foam of appropriate density and consistency, as it is common as a thermal insulation material. For example, polyurethane in brittle form is ideally suited.
  • the heat insulation core 9 is exposed on the upper and lower end edge of the molded part 1. Otherwise, however, it is enclosed by a material layer 10 firmly connected to it, which is formed by a thin plastic film or a thin, non-metallic, weather-resistant nonwoven or woven material. Because of its thin design, the material layer 10 is only shown by a thickened line. In the event of a film, the material layer 10 can consist of polyvinyl chloride. In the case of a fleece or fabric, glass material is ideal. This is weather-resistant material that complies with or complies with fire protection regulations and is also permeable to water vapor. This also applies to the insulation core 9, as for the entire molded part 1.
  • the molded part 1 has a soft foam layer 12 on its rear side 11 facing the building wall (not shown) in the assembled position. So this foam has an elastic behavior similar to foam rubber. It covers the entire back of the molded part 11 and is applied to the material layer 10. This can be done by foaming or by gluing an appropriate soft foam mat.
  • the molded part 1 can be attached directly to the wall of the building with its soft foam layer 12, which can be done with the help of nails or also by gluing. It is pressed against the building wall and, due to its flexibility, clings to all unevenness of the wall, so that no voids are created.
  • the molded part 1 On the visible side 13 opposite the rear side 11, that is, on the front of the molded part, the molded part 1 is provided with a visible covering 14 which is applied to the material layer 10 surrounding the insulating core 9.
  • the molded part 1 or the building cladding produced with these molded parts thus presents itself to the viewer with this exposed covering 14.
  • the appearance of the exposed covering in detail can be based on the customer's wishes. Irrespective of the type of fastening of the exposed covering, the material layer 10 always offers a visible covering underside with good bond properties.
  • the visible covering 14 can be glued on, but it can also be formed by a mass which has been brushed or foamed onto the material layer 10, for which polyvinyl chloride is best suited.
  • Such a foamed visible covering layer can easily be provided with a structure similar to a conventional plaster and can be colored or provided with a paint coat.
  • the molded parts can be produced in an endless strand, from which they are then cut to length, so that the exposed end faces of the insulation core 9 are formed. If molded parts with interlocking end faces, as shown in FIG. 2, shows an embodiment, the molded parts can already be cut accordingly at the factory.
  • a surface adaptation of the molded parts to the respective building wall which can be the case especially with molded parts located at the edge of the cladding, can be done at the construction site by cutting to size.
  • a double-sided adhesive tape 15 extending over the length of the longitudinal edge is arranged in the molded part 1 on the longitudinal edge 4, which is therefore already glued to the prefabricated molded part 1 and is glued to the adjacent molded part during assembly.
  • the adhesive tape 15 is only indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1.
  • the molded parts can of course also be mounted in a position rotated by 90 °, so that the longitudinal edges having the tongue and groove arrangement run horizontally.

Abstract

A prefabricated heat-insulating moulded part (1) in the form of a slab, a cassette, a panel or the like is used for cladding building walls and has a heat-insulating core (9) consisting of heat-insulating foam. The heat-insulating core (9) is enclosed by a material layer (10) which is firmly connected to said core and consists of a thin plastic film or a thin, non-metal and weather-resistant nonwoven or woven material. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein vorgefertigtes Wärmedämm-Formteil in Gestalt einer Platte, einer Kassette, eines Paneels od.dgl. zum Verkleiden von Gebäudewänden, mit einem Wärmedämmkern aus wärmedämmendem Schaumstoff.The invention relates to a prefabricated thermal insulation molding in the form of a plate, a cassette, a panel or the like. for cladding building walls, with a heat insulation core made of heat-insulating foam.

Solche Formteile dienen also zur wärmemässigen Isolierung und gleichzeitigen Verkleidung eines Gebäudes. Dabei werden sie in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung nebeneinander angeordnet, so daß sich eine geschlossene Fläche ergibt. Es versteht sich, daß man auf diese Weise nicht nur Aussenwände sondern auch Innenwände verkleiden kann.Such molded parts are used for thermal insulation and simultaneous cladding of a building. They are arranged side by side in the horizontal and vertical directions, so that there is a closed surface. It goes without saying that in this way it is not only possible to cover outer walls but also inner walls.

Bei bekannten Formteilen ist der Dämmkern an ein Metallblechteil angeschäumt, das die dem Betrachter zugewandte Formteil-Sichtseite und die von dieser nach hinten hin verlaufenden, mit den in horizontaler Richtung benachbarten Formteilen zusammensteckbaren Formteil-Längsränder bildet. Auf die der Sichtseite entgegengesetzte Rückseite ist eine Metallfolie aufgeklebt.In known molded parts, the insulating core is foamed onto a sheet metal part which forms the molded part visible side facing the viewer and the longitudinal edges of the molded part which extend towards the rear and which can be plugged together with the adjacent molded parts in the horizontal direction. A metal foil is glued to the back opposite the visible side.

Die Formteile werden in vorgefertigtem Zustand an die Baustelle geliefert. Dort kann es erforderlich sein, daß man zumindest einige der Formteile noch den örtlichen Gegebenheiten entsprechend zurechtschneiden muß. Dies bereitet bei den bekannten Formteilen wegen der Metallblechhaut jedoch Schwierigkeiten. Dies gilt auch bei fabrikseitigem Schneiden. Ausserdem bleibt an der Schnittkante meistens ein Grat stehen.The molded parts are delivered to the construction site in a prefabricated state delivered. There it may be necessary to cut at least some of the molded parts according to local conditions. However, this causes difficulties in the known molded parts because of the sheet metal skin. This also applies to cutting at the factory. In addition, a ridge usually remains on the cutting edge.

Nachteilig ist ferner, daß die optische Gestaltung der dem Betrachter zugewandten Fläche sehr beschränkt ist, indem man dem Metallblech lediglich eine Formstruktur einprägen und/oder einen Farbanstrich geben kann. Dabei bleibt der metallische Eindruck erhalten.Another disadvantage is that the optical design of the surface facing the viewer is very limited, in that one can only emboss the metal sheet with a shape structure and / or give it a coat of paint. The metallic impression remains.

Des weiteren sind die Abmessungen der metallischen Aussenhaut wegen des bei Metallen bekanntermaßen verhältnismäßig großen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten je nach der herrschenden Temperatur Veränderungen unterworfen, so daß sich an den Stoßstellen benachbarter Formteile Fugen, Aufwerfungen oder sonstige Unregelmäßigkeiten bilden können.Furthermore, the dimensions of the metallic outer skin are subject to changes, depending on the prevailing temperature, because of the relatively large coefficient of thermal expansion known from metals, so that joints, projections or other irregularities can form at the joints of adjacent molded parts.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Formteil der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das sich nicht nur einfacher Zurechtschneiden läßt sondern auch optisch wesentlich variabler gestaltet werden kann. Ausserdem sollen temperaturabhängige Gestaltsschwankungen möglichst vermieden werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a molded part of the type mentioned at the outset which is not only easy to cut to size but can also be designed to be considerably more optically variable. In addition, temperature-dependent fluctuations in shape should be avoided as far as possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Wärmedämmkern von einer fest mit ihm verbundenen Materiallage aus einer dünnen Kunststoffolie oder einem dünnen, nicht metallischen, wetterbeständigen Vlies- oder Gewebematerial umschlossen ist.This object is achieved in that the Thermal insulation core is enclosed by a layer of material firmly connected to it, made of a thin plastic film or a thin, non-metallic, weatherproof non-woven or woven material.

Anstelle des Metallblechs handelt es sich also um eine Materiallage, die in gleicher Weise wie der Schaumstoff-Dämmkern ohne Mühe mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit in die gewünschte Form mit sauberer Schnittkante geschnitten werden kann. Dies macht es beispielsweise auch möglich, die Formteile an ihren in montierten Lage oben und unten befindlichen Stirnkanten, die seither rechtwinkelig zur Sichtseite waren, im Querschnitt gesehen beispielsweise dachförmig abzuschrägen, um ein optisch weniger auffälliges Zusammenstoßen der in dieser Richtung aufeinanderfolgenden Formteile zu erhalten.Instead of the metal sheet, it is a material layer that can be cut in the same way as the foam insulation core with the required accuracy and effortlessly into the desired shape with a clean cutting edge. This also makes it possible, for example, to chamfer the molded parts on their front edges in the assembled position at the top and bottom, which have been perpendicular to the visible side since then, in cross-section, in order to obtain a visually less noticeable collision of the molded parts which follow one another in this direction.

Ferner unterliegt eine solche Folie oder nicht metallische Vlies- oder Gewebemateriallage bei den witterungs- und jahreszeitabhängigen Temperaturschwankungen keinen Formänderungen, so daß die diesbezüglichen Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht vorhanden sind.Furthermore, such a film or non-metallic fleece or fabric material layer is not subject to any shape changes in the weather and season-dependent temperature fluctuations, so that the disadvantages of the prior art in this regard are not present.

Ausserdem bietet die genannte Materiallage die Möglichkeit, einen beliebigen Sichtbelag auf ihr anzubringen, so daß praktisch alle Kundenwünsche nach einem bestimmten Aussehen erfüllt werden können.In addition, the material layer mentioned offers the possibility of attaching any visible covering to it, so that practically all customer requests for a certain appearance can be fulfilled.

Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil besteht darin, daß das nichtmetallische Vlies- oder Gewebematerial oder die Kunststoffolie im Gegensatz zu der bekannten Metallblechhaut wasserdampfdurchlässig ist, was die Wärmedämmung begünstigt.An additional advantage is that the non-metallic non-woven or woven material or the plastic film in contrast to the known sheet metal skin is permeable to water vapor, which favors thermal insulation.

Schließlich wäre noch darauf hinzuweisen, daß man die Formteile unabhängig von der Witterung montieren kann.Finally, it should be pointed out that the molded parts can be assembled regardless of the weather.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Materiallage von einem Glasfaservlies oder -gewebe gebildet. Dies erfüllt ohne irgend welche Zusatzbehandlung gleichzeitig auch die geltenden Brandschutzbestimmungen. Andernfalls muß man die Materiallage einer Flammschutz-Vorbehandlung unterziehen. Dies gilt auch im Falle der Kunststoffolie, die zweckmäßigerweise aus Polyvinylchlorid besteht.The material layer is expediently formed by a glass fiber fleece or fabric. Without any additional treatment, this also fulfills the applicable fire protection regulations. Otherwise, the material layer must be subjected to a flame protection pretreatment. This also applies to the plastic film, which expediently consists of polyvinyl chloride.

Bei der Herstellung wird zweckmäßigerweise so vorgegangen, daß der Wärmedämmkern an die Materiallage angeschäumt wird. Dies kann in einem endlos ablaufenden Expansionsverfahren erfolgen, bei dem innerhalb des Formwerkzeugs der den Dämmkern bildende Schaumstoff in die durchlaufende Materiallage eingeschäumt wird, so daß sich die Materiallage unter dem Expansionsdruck des Schaumstoffs an die Wandung des Formwerkzeugs anlegt und der Formteilstrang erzeugt wird. Von dem sich ergebenden Strangmaterial kann man dann die Formteile in der gewünschten Länge ablängen. Auch in diesem Zusammenhang ist die gute Schneidbarkeit der den Dämmkern umschließenden Materiallage von Vorteil.During production, the procedure is expediently such that the thermal insulation core is foamed onto the material layer. This can take place in an endless expansion process, in which the foam forming the insulation core is foamed into the continuous material layer within the molding tool, so that the material layer presses against the wall of the molding tool under the expansion pressure of the foam and the molding strand is produced. The molded parts can then be cut to the desired length from the resulting strand material. In this context, too, the good cutability of the material layer surrounding the insulation core is advantageous.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann an der dem Betrachter der Gebäudewand zugewandten Sichtseite des Formteils ein Sichtbelag auf die Materiallage aufgebracht sein. Dabei kann der Sichtbelag aufgeklebt sein. Es kann sich jedoch auch um eine auf die Materiallage aufgestrichene oder aufgeschäumte Masse handeln, wobei ein Sichtbelag aus Polyvinylchlorid besonders zweckmäßig ist. Ein solcher Sichtbelag läßt sich auf die den Dämmkern umhüllende Materiallage aufschäumen, wodurch man eine homogene Verbindung mit dieser und über diese mit dem Dämmkern erhält. Aufgrund dieser innigen Verbindung können nicht einmal Haarrisse auftreten. Dabei kann man den Sichtbelag mit einer einen günstigen optischen Eindruck hervorrufenden Struktur versehen, beispielsweise mit einer einem Verputz ähnlichen Struktur. Selbstverständlich ist man auch in der Farbgebung variabel.As already mentioned, a visible covering can be applied to the material layer on the visible side of the molding facing the building wall. The visible covering can be glued on be. However, it can also be a mass spread or foamed onto the material layer, a visible covering made of polyvinyl chloride being particularly expedient. Such a visible covering can be foamed onto the material layer enveloping the insulation core, as a result of which a homogeneous connection is obtained with it and, via this, with the insulation core. Because of this intimate connection, hairline cracks cannot even occur. The visible covering can be provided with a structure that creates a favorable visual impression, for example with a structure similar to a plaster. Of course, the color scheme is also variable.

Anstelle daß man die Formteile bereits fabrikseitig mit einem Sichtbelag versieht, könnte man prinzipiell auch so vorgehen, daß man die lediglich mit der den Dämmkern umhüllenden Materiallage versehenen Formteile an der betreffenden Gebäudewand befestigt und sodann ganzflächig einen üblichen Verputz aufträgt.Instead of providing the molded parts with a visible covering at the factory, one could in principle also proceed in such a way that the molded parts provided only with the material layer enveloping the insulating core are fastened to the relevant building wall and then the entire surface is applied with a conventional plaster.

Eine weitere zweckmäßige Maßnahme besteht darin, daß das Formteil mindestens an einem seiner Längsränder ein Klebeband zum Herstellen einer Klebeverbindung zwischen benachbart montierten Formteilen aufweisen kann.Another expedient measure consists in that the molded part can have an adhesive tape at least on one of its longitudinal edges for producing an adhesive connection between adjacent mounted molded parts.

Eine besonders zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist schließlich dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Formteil an seiner der Gebäudewand zugewandten Rückseite eine an der Gebäudewand zur Anlage gelangende Weichschaumstoffschicht mit schaumgummiähnlichem elastischen Verhalten aufweist. Hiermit wird folgendes erreicht:A particularly expedient embodiment of the invention is finally characterized in that the molded part has on its rear side facing the building wall a soft foam layer which comes into contact with the building wall has foam-like elastic behavior. This accomplishes the following:

Bei einer Gebäudewandverkleidung sollte darauf geachtet werden, daß keine Luftzwischenräume entstehen, in denen Aussenluft zirkulieren und Kondenswasser gebildet werden kann. Gebäudewände weisen jedoch regelmässig Unebenheiten auf, so daß sich bei unmittelbar an ihr befestigten Wärmedämm-Formteilen, die eine feste ebene Rückseite besitzen, solche Luftzwischenräume zwischen Gebäudewand und Gebäudewandverkleidung nicht vermeiden lassen. Daher wird seither, handelt es sich nicht um eine nur vorgehängte Gebäudewandverkleidung sondern will man einen wirksamen Wärmeschutz erzielen, so vorgegangen, daß man vor der Befestigung der Wärmedämm-Formteile auf die Wand eine Spachtelmasse aufträgt und so verstreicht, daß sich eine ebene Oberfläche ergibt, an der dann die Formteile angebracht werden können. Dieses Auftragen und Verstreichen der Spachtelmasse ist jedoch arbeitsintensiv und somit entsprechend teuer. Dabei ist, wird nicht sorgfältig gearbeitet, nicht einmal ganz sichergestellt, daß die erhaltene Oberfläche tatsächlich vollständig plan verläuft. Ausserdem liegt ein weiterer wichtiger Nachteil darin, daß die verwendeten Spachtelmassen andere bauphysikalische Eigenschaften, insbesondere einen anderen Temperaturausdehungskoeffizienten, wie die Gebäudewand und die Wärmedämm-Formteile aufweisen, was im Laufe der Zeit vor allem aufgrund von Temperaturschwankungen zu Rissen in der Spachtelmasse führen kann, die sogar eine Ablösung der Wärmedämm-Formteile bzw. der Spachtelmasse von der Gebäudewand zur Folge haben kann.In the case of building wall cladding, care should be taken to ensure that there are no air gaps in which outside air can circulate and condensation can form. Building walls, however, regularly have unevenness, so that when the thermal insulation molded parts are attached directly to them and have a firm, flat rear side, such air gaps between the building wall and the building wall cladding cannot be avoided. Therefore, since then, if it is not just a curtain wall covering, but if you want to achieve effective thermal insulation, you have to apply a leveling compound to the wall before attaching the thermal insulation moldings and spread it so that there is a flat surface. to which the molded parts can then be attached. However, this application and spreading of the filler is labor-intensive and therefore correspondingly expensive. If you do not work carefully, it is not even entirely certain that the surface obtained is actually completely flat. In addition, another important disadvantage is that the fillers used have different physical properties, in particular a different coefficient of thermal expansion, such as the building wall and the thermal insulation molded parts, which can lead to cracks in the filler over time, mainly due to temperature fluctuations may even result in the thermal insulation molded parts or filler being detached from the building wall.

Sind nun die Formteile, wie geschildert, an ihrer Rückseite mit einer Weichschaumstoffschicht ausgestattet, kann man die Formteile ohne vorheriges Ausgleichen der Wandunebenheiten mittels einer Spachtelmasse an der Gebäudewand befestigen, wobei sich die Weichschaumstoffschicht elastisch zusammendrücken läßt und sich somit von selbst an die betreffende Wandoberfläche anpaßt und dicht anschmiegt. Auf diese Weise können keinerlei Hohlräume entstehen. Somit liegen bei dieser Ausgestaltung insgesamt vorgefertigte Wärmedämm-Formteile vor, die man nur noch an der Gebäudewand befestigen muß, um sofort und ohne weitere Maßnahmen einen Vollwärmeschutz zu erhalten. Dabei besteht ein weiterer Vorteil der Weichschaumstoffschicht darin, daß sie in jeder Richtung elastisch nachgiebig ist, so daß sie allen evtl. auftretenden Abmessungsänderungen folgen kann. Deshalb können sich auch keine Risse od.dgl. bilden. Ferner sind auch solche Weichschaumstoffe wasserdampfdurchlässig, so daß das Wärmedämm-Formteil einschließlich der Weichschaumstoffschicht für Wasserdampf durchlässig ist.If, as described, the molded parts are equipped with a soft foam layer on the back, the molded parts can be attached to the building wall using a leveling compound without first leveling out the unevenness of the wall, whereby the soft foam layer can be compressed elastically and thus adapts itself to the wall surface in question and hugs tightly. In this way, no voids can arise. Thus, in this embodiment, there are overall prefabricated heat-molded parts that only have to be attached to the building wall in order to obtain full thermal protection immediately and without further measures. Another advantage of the soft foam layer is that it is elastically flexible in every direction, so that it can follow any changes in dimensions that may occur. Therefore, no cracks or the like. form. Furthermore, such flexible foams are also permeable to water vapor, so that the thermal insulation molding, including the soft foam layer, is permeable to water vapor.

Bevor nun ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert wird, wird noch darauf hingewiesen, daß sich das Wärmedämm-Formteil, sei es mit oder ohne Weichschaumstoffschicht, auch für vor die Gebäudewand vorgehängte Verkleidungen eignet.Before an embodiment of the invention will now be explained with reference to the drawing, it should be pointed out that the thermal insulation molded part, whether with or without a soft foam layer, is also suitable for cladding which is hung in front of the building wall.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein plattenförmiges Wärmedämm-Formteil gemäß der Erfindung in Schrägansicht in Teildarstellung und
Fig. 2
zwei in vertikaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgende Formteile gemäß Fig. 1 in Teildarstellung im der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 1 entsprechenden Vertikal schnitt, wobei die oberen und unteren Stirnkanten der Formteile dachförmig geschnitten sind.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it:
Fig. 1
a plate-shaped thermal insulation molding according to the invention in an oblique view in partial view and
Fig. 2
1 in the vertical direction corresponding to the section line II-II in Fig. 1, the upper and lower end edges of the molded parts are cut roof-shaped.

Das aus der Zeichnung hervorgehende Formteil 1 dient zum Verkleiden von Gebäudewänden.Hierzu wird eine den Wandabmessungen entsprechende Vielzahl solcher Formteile in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung aneinander gesetzt. Dabei kann es sich bei den Formteilen 1 um Platten, Kassetten, Paneele od.dgl. handeln. Sie sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel so ausgebildet, daß sie mit dem jeweils seitlich benachbarten Formteil (in Fig. 1 ist ein solches seitlich benachbartes Formteil strichpunktiert angedeutet) über eine nach Art von Nut und Feder ausgebildete Steckverbindung zusammenfügbar sind. Hierzu weisen sie an einem ihrer in Benutzungslage vertikalen Längsränder, in der Zeichnung am Längsrand 2, eine Nut 3 und am entgegengesetzten Längsrand 4 einen die Feder bildenden Steckvorsprung 5 auf.The molded part 1 shown in the drawing is used to clad the walls of a building by placing a large number of such molded parts corresponding to the wall dimensions in the horizontal and vertical directions. It can be in the molded parts 1 to plates, cassettes, panels or the like. act. In the exemplary embodiment, they are designed such that they can be joined to the laterally adjacent molded part (in FIG. 1, such a laterally adjacent molded part is indicated by dash-dotted lines) via a plug-and-socket connection. For this purpose, they have a groove 3 on one of their vertical edges in the position of use, in the drawing on the longitudinal edge 2, and a groove 3 on the opposite longitudinal edge 4.

Die obere Stirnkante 6 und die entgegengesetzte untere Stirnkante des rechteckigen Umriß aufweisenden Formteils 1 kann, wie aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht, eben sein, so daß die in vertikaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgenden Formteile mit ihren ebenen Stirnseiten aneinandergestoßen werden können. Damit die Stoßstelle optisch nicht in Erscheinung tritt, können die oberen und unteren Stirnkanten doch auch dachförmig geschnitten sein, wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Dabei ist die obere Stirnkante des unteren Formteils 1 mit der Bezugsziffer 6' und die untere Stirnkante des oberen Formteils 1 mit der Bezugsziffer 7' bezeichnet. Dabei ragt die obere Stirnkante 6' dachförmig vor, während die untere Stirnkante 7' dachförmig eingeschnitten ist, so daß die beiden Stirnkanten ineinander passen. Es versteht sich, daß man die Formteile auch in umgekehrter Lage, d.h. oben und unten vertauscht, verwenden kann. Die vertikal aufeinanderfolgenden Formteile 1 passen somit genau ineinander, so daß sich dem Betrachter ein sozusagen geschlossenes Bild darbietet. Dabei kann man die beiden Formteile 1 der horizontalen Stoßstelle 8 entlang auch noch mittels eines geeigneten Klebemittels od.dgl., z.B. mittels eines Silikonstreifens, miteinander verbinden.The upper end edge 6 and the opposite lower end edge of the rectangular outline molded part 1 can, as shown in Fig. 1, be flat, so that the successive molded parts in the vertical direction can be butted against each other with their flat end faces. So that the joint does not appear visually, the upper and lower front edges can also be cut roof-shaped, as can be seen from FIG. 2. Here is the upper end edge of the lower molded part 1 with the reference number 6 'and the lower end edge of the upper molded part 1 with the reference number 7'. The upper end edge 6 'protrudes like a roof, while the lower end edge 7' is cut into a roof shape, so that the two end edges fit into one another. It goes without saying that the molded parts can also be used in the reverse position, ie interchanged at the top and bottom. The vertically successive molded parts 1 thus fit exactly into one another, so that the viewer is presented with a closed picture, so to speak. In this case, the two molded parts 1 of the horizontal joint 8 can also be connected to one another by means of a suitable adhesive or the like, for example by means of a silicone strip.

Das dargestellte Wärmedämm-Formteil 1 weist einen im wesentlichen nahezu das ganze Formteil ausmachenden Wärmedämmkern 9 aus wärmedämmendem Material auf. Es handelt sich hier um einen Schaumstoff entsprechender Dichte und Konsistenz, wie er als Wärmedämm-Material üblich ist. So ist beispielsweise in spröder Form vorliegendes Polyurethan bestens geeignet.The heat insulation molded part 1 shown has a heat insulation core 9 made of heat insulating material which essentially makes up the entire molded part. It is a foam of appropriate density and consistency, as it is common as a thermal insulation material. For example, polyurethane in brittle form is ideally suited.

Der Wärmedämmkern 9 liegt an der oberen und unteren Stirnkante des Formteils 1 frei . Ansonsten wird er jedoch von einer fest mit ihm verbundenen Materiallage 10 umschlossen, die von einer dünnen Kunststoffolie oder einem dünnen, nicht metallischen, wetterbeständigen Vlies- oder Gewebematerial gebildet wird. Wegen ihrer dünnen Ausbildung ist die Materiallage 10 nur durch eine verdickte Strichführung eingezeichnet. Im Falle einer Folie kann die Materiallage 10 aus Polyvinylchlorid bestehen. Im Falle eines Vlieses oder Gewebes ist Glasmaterial bestens geeignet. Dabei handelt es sich um witterungsbeständiges, den Brandschutzbestimmungen entsprechendes oder entsprechend behandeltes Material, das ferner wasserdampfdurchlässig ist. Dies gilt auch für den Dämmkern 9, wie überhaupt für das ganze Formteil 1.The heat insulation core 9 is exposed on the upper and lower end edge of the molded part 1. Otherwise, however, it is enclosed by a material layer 10 firmly connected to it, which is formed by a thin plastic film or a thin, non-metallic, weather-resistant nonwoven or woven material. Because of its thin design, the material layer 10 is only shown by a thickened line. In the event of a film, the material layer 10 can consist of polyvinyl chloride. In the case of a fleece or fabric, glass material is ideal. This is weather-resistant material that complies with or complies with fire protection regulations and is also permeable to water vapor. This also applies to the insulation core 9, as for the entire molded part 1.

Eine innige und feste Verbindung zwischen der Materiallage 1o und dem Wärmedämmkern 9 erhält man im einfachsten dadurch, daß der Wärmedämmkern 9 an die Materiallage 10 angeschäumt wird.An intimate and firm connection between the material layer 1o and the heat insulation core 9 can be obtained in the simplest manner by foaming the heat insulation core 9 onto the material layer 10.

An seiner in montierter Lage der nicht dargestellten Gebäudewand zugewandten Rückseite 11 weist das Formteil 1 eine Weichschaumstoffschicht 12 auf. Dieser Schaumstoff besitzt also ein schaumgummiähnliches elastisches Verhalten. Sie deckt die gesamte Formteilrückseite 11 ab und ist auf die Materiallage 10 aufgebracht. Dies kann durch Anschäumen oder durch Aufkleben einer entsprechenden Weichschaumstoffmatte geschehen.The molded part 1 has a soft foam layer 12 on its rear side 11 facing the building wall (not shown) in the assembled position. So this foam has an elastic behavior similar to foam rubber. It covers the entire back of the molded part 11 and is applied to the material layer 10. This can be done by foaming or by gluing an appropriate soft foam mat.

Das Formteil 1 kann mit seiner Weichschaumstoffschicht 12 voran unmittelbar an der Gebäudewand befestigt werden, was mit Hilfe von Nägeln oder auch durch Ankleben erfolgen kann. Dabei wird sie gegen die Gebäudewand gedrückt und schmiegt sich wegen ihrer Nachgiebigkeit an alle Wandunebenheiten an, so daß keine Hohlräume entstehen.The molded part 1 can be attached directly to the wall of the building with its soft foam layer 12, which can be done with the help of nails or also by gluing. It is pressed against the building wall and, due to its flexibility, clings to all unevenness of the wall, so that no voids are created.

An der der Rückseite 11 entgegengesetzten Sichtseite 13, also an der Formteil-Vorderseite, ist das Formteil 1 mit einem Sichtbelag 14 versehen, der auf die den Dämmkern 9 umgebende Materiallage 10 aufgebracht ist. Das Formteil 1 bzw. die mit diesen Formteilen hergestellte Gebäudeverkleidung bietet sich somit mit diesem Sichtbelag 14 dem Betrachter dar. Das Aussehen des Sichtbelags im einzelnen kann sich nach den Kundenwünschen richten.Unabhängig von der Befestigungsart des Sichtsbelags bietet die Materiallage 10 stets eine Sichtbelag-Unterseite mit guten Verbundeigenschaften. Der Sichtbelag 14 kann aufgeklebt sein, er kann jedoch auch von einer auf die Materiallage 10 aufgestrichenen oder aufgeschäumten Masse gebildet werden, wofür sich Polyvinylchlorid bestens eignet. Eine solche aufgeschäumte Sichtbelagschicht läßt sich ohne weiteres mit einer einem üblichen Verputz ähnlichen Struktur versehen und kann gefärbt sein oder mit einem Farbanstrich versehen werden.On the visible side 13 opposite the rear side 11, that is, on the front of the molded part, the molded part 1 is provided with a visible covering 14 which is applied to the material layer 10 surrounding the insulating core 9. The molded part 1 or the building cladding produced with these molded parts thus presents itself to the viewer with this exposed covering 14. The appearance of the exposed covering in detail can be based on the customer's wishes. Irrespective of the type of fastening of the exposed covering, the material layer 10 always offers a visible covering underside with good bond properties. The visible covering 14 can be glued on, but it can also be formed by a mass which has been brushed or foamed onto the material layer 10, for which polyvinyl chloride is best suited. Such a foamed visible covering layer can easily be provided with a structure similar to a conventional plaster and can be colored or provided with a paint coat.

Die Formteile lassen sich in einem endlosen Strang herstellen, von dem sie dann abgelängt werden, so daß die freiliegenden Stirnseiten des Dämmkerns 9 entstehen. Falls Formteile mit ineinander greifenden Stirnseiten, wie in Fig. 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, gewünscht sein sollten, können die Formteile bereits fabrikseitig entsprechend geschnitten werden.The molded parts can be produced in an endless strand, from which they are then cut to length, so that the exposed end faces of the insulation core 9 are formed. If molded parts with interlocking end faces, as shown in FIG. 2, shows an embodiment, the molded parts can already be cut accordingly at the factory.

Eine flächenmäßige Anpassung der Formteile an die jeweilige Gebäudewand, was vor allem bei am Verkleidungsrandbereich befindlichen Formteilen der Fall sein kann, kann an der Baustelle durch entsprechendes Zuschneiden erfolgen.A surface adaptation of the molded parts to the respective building wall, which can be the case especially with molded parts located at the edge of the cladding, can be done at the construction site by cutting to size.

Wie aus der Zeichnung ferner ersichtlich ist, bleiben die beiden einander entgegengesetzten Längsränder 2,4 von dem Sichtbelag 14 und der Weichschaumstoffschicht 12 unbedeckt.As can also be seen from the drawing, the remain two opposite longitudinal edges 2, 4 uncovered by the visible covering 14 and the soft foam layer 12.

Es versteht sich, daß es auf die Ausbildung der Längsränder 2,4 und die sonstige Umrißgestaltung der Formteile in Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht weiter ankommt. Prinzipiell könnte deshalb die Nut/Feder-Anordnung 3,5 auch weggelassen werden.It goes without saying that the design of the longitudinal edges 2, 4 and the other outline design of the molded parts in connection with the present invention are of no further importance. In principle, the tongue and groove arrangement 3, 5 could therefore also be omitted.

Wie bereits erwähnt, werden die horizontal einander benachbarten Formteile mit ihren Längsrändern gegeneinander gestoßen. Um hier eine zusätzliche Verbindung zu schaffen, ist bei dem Formteil 1 am Längsrand 4 noch ein sich über die Länge des Längsrandes erstreckendes Doppelklebeband 15 angeordnet, das also bereits an das vorgefertigte Formteil 1 angeklebt ist und bei der Montage mit dem benachbarten Formteil verklebt wird. Das Klebeband 15 ist in Fig. 1 nur strichpunktiert angedeutet.As already mentioned, the horizontally adjacent molded parts are butted against one another with their longitudinal edges. In order to create an additional connection here, a double-sided adhesive tape 15 extending over the length of the longitudinal edge is arranged in the molded part 1 on the longitudinal edge 4, which is therefore already glued to the prefabricated molded part 1 and is glued to the adjacent molded part during assembly. The adhesive tape 15 is only indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1.

Schließlich wird noch darauf hingewiesen, daß man die Formteile entgegen der obigen Beschreibung selbstverständlich auch in um 90° gedrehter Lage montieren kann, so daß die die Nut/Feder-Anordnung aufweisenden Längsränder horizontal verlaufen.Finally, it is pointed out that, contrary to the description above, the molded parts can of course also be mounted in a position rotated by 90 °, so that the longitudinal edges having the tongue and groove arrangement run horizontally.

Claims (9)

Vorgefertigtes Wärmedämm-Formteil in Gestalt einer Platte, einer Kassette, eines Paneels od.dgl. zum Verkleiden von Gebäudewänden, mit einem Wärmedämmkern aus wärmedämmendem Schaumstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmedämmkern (9) von einer fest mit ihm verbundenen Materiallage (10) aus einer dünnen Kunststoffolie oder einem dünnen, nicht metallischen, wetterbeständigen Vlies oder Gewebematerial umschlossen ist.Prefabricated thermal insulation molding in the form of a plate, a cassette, a panel or the like. for cladding building walls, with a heat-insulating core made of heat-insulating foam, characterized in that the heat-insulating core (9) is enclosed by a material layer (10) firmly connected to it, made of a thin plastic film or a thin, non-metallic, weather-resistant fleece or fabric material. Formteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materiallage (1o) von einer Folie aus Polyvinylchlorid gebildet wird.Shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that the material layer (1o) is formed by a film made of polyvinyl chloride. Formteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materiallage von einem Glasfaservlies oder -gewebe gebildet wird.Shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that the material layer is formed by a glass fiber fleece or fabric. Formteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmedämmkern (9) an die Materiallage (10) angeschäumt ist.Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat insulation core (9) is foamed onto the material layer (10). Formteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der dem Betrachter der Gebäudewand zugewandten Sichtseite (13) des Formteils (1) ein Sichtbelag (14) auf die Materiallage (1o) aufgebracht ist.Shaped part according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a visible covering (14) is applied to the material layer (1o) on the visible side (13) of the shaped part (1) facing the building wall. Formteil nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sichtbelag (14) von einer auf die Materiallage (10) aufgestrichenen oder aufgeschäumten Masse gebildet wird.Shaped part according to claim 5, characterized in that the visible covering (14) is formed by a mass which has been brushed or foamed onto the material layer (10). Formteil nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sichtbelag (14) aus Polyvinylchlorid besteht.Shaped part according to claim 6, characterized in that the visible covering (14) consists of polyvinyl chloride. Formteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Formteil (1) an seiner der Gebäudewand zugewandten Rückseite (11) eine an der Gebäudewand zur Anlage gelangende Weichschaumstoffschicht (12) mit schaumgummiähnlichem elastischem Verhalten aufweist.Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shaped part (1) has on its rear side (11) facing the building wall a soft foam layer (12) which rests against the building wall and has an elastic behavior similar to foam rubber. Formteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Formteil (1) mindestens an einem seiner Längsränder (2,4) ein Klebeband (15) zum Herstellen einer Klebeverbindung zwischen benachbart montierten Formteilen aufweist.Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shaped part (1) has at least on one of its longitudinal edges (2, 4) an adhesive tape (15) for establishing an adhesive connection between adjacently mounted shaped parts.
EP92121756A 1992-01-04 1992-12-22 Heat insulating moulded element for cladding building walls Expired - Lifetime EP0550873B1 (en)

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DE4200126 1992-01-04
DE4200126A DE4200126A1 (en) 1992-01-04 1992-01-04 WARMEDAEMM MOLDED PART FOR COVERING BUILDING WALLS

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AT (1) ATE123102T1 (en)
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WO2007029105A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-15 Edilteco S.R.L. A system for cladding building structures
GB2492804A (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-16 James Edward Douglass Insulating cladding boards with weatherproofing layer
EP2657425A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2013-10-30 Sto Ag Heat insulation compound panel and heat insulation method for a window or door embrasure in the outer wall of a building
FR3091306A1 (en) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-03 Vinci Construction France Facade cladding element for energy renovation
GB2581028B (en) * 2018-12-26 2023-01-18 Vinci Construction France Facade covering element for upgrading energy efficiency
CN115217331A (en) * 2022-08-10 2022-10-21 山西四建集团有限公司 Construction method of assembled aerogel combined roof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0550873B1 (en) 1995-05-24
DE59202342D1 (en) 1995-06-29
DE4200126A1 (en) 1993-07-08
DE4244672A1 (en) 1993-09-16
HUT63216A (en) 1993-07-28
DK0550873T3 (en) 1995-09-04
HU9204155D0 (en) 1993-05-28
PL297310A1 (en) 1993-08-23
PL171028B1 (en) 1997-02-28
CZ382392A3 (en) 1993-07-14
HU211714B (en) 1995-12-28
ATE123102T1 (en) 1995-06-15
DE4244672C2 (en) 1996-01-25

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