EP0545790B1 - Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0545790B1
EP0545790B1 EP92403196A EP92403196A EP0545790B1 EP 0545790 B1 EP0545790 B1 EP 0545790B1 EP 92403196 A EP92403196 A EP 92403196A EP 92403196 A EP92403196 A EP 92403196A EP 0545790 B1 EP0545790 B1 EP 0545790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
conducting
conducting element
contact
contact surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92403196A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0545790A1 (de
Inventor
Raymond Bernier
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0545790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0545790B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/22—Contacts for co-operating by abutting
    • H01R13/24—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted
    • H01R13/2464—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the contact point
    • H01R13/2471—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the contact point pin shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/712—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit
    • H01R12/714—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit with contacts abutting directly the printed circuit; Button contacts therefore provided on the printed circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical interconnection device as described, for example, in document EP-A-0 431 566.
  • This type of device is intended to make contacts between different components or electrical conductors. It can for example be part of an electronic assembly or be integrated in a connector.
  • These devices usually include a rigid insulating support in which are mounted conductive elements making the desired contact.
  • a rigid insulating support in which are mounted conductive elements making the desired contact.
  • the pressure is linked to the support force between the contact surfaces, and the support is the ability of the contact to be maintained during a certain displacement of the conductive elements.
  • the conductive elements of the device are generally mounted with elasticity with respect to the rigid insulating support.
  • a first possibility consists in interposing elastic members, such as springs, between the conductive elements and the support. These elastic members increase the number of parts and therefore the cost of the device. They can also pose mounting problems when the device is small and large.
  • Another possibility is to give elastic properties to the conductive elements themselves. However, these elastic properties are difficult to achieve reliably when the conductive elements are small. In addition, these elastic properties degrade after several connections and disconnections of the components.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks and to simplify the structure of known interconnection devices.
  • the invention thus provides an electrical interconnection device, characterized in that it comprises a body of insulating elastic material traversed by at least one conduit, and at least one conductive element introduced into the conduit to establish electrical contact therewith. other conductive element, and in that support means applied against the body in the vicinity of the conduit, prevent the complete penetration of the conductive elements in the conduit.
  • the elastic maintenance of the contact between the conductive elements is provided by the insulating body of the device. If the components electrically interconnected by the device move slightly, the support means elastically deform the body in the vicinity of the duct, which increases the contact pressure.
  • the part of the conductive element situated outside the duct may have a shape adapted to that of the components to be interconnected, for example a curved shape, if it is intended to bear against conductive pads of a printed or integrated circuit.
  • the conductive element or elements introduced into the conduit elastically deform the conduit, preferably the cross section of the conduit.
  • This arrangement allows the conductive elements to be held in the body after assembly of the device and before associating the device with components to be interconnected.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of the device of Figure 1 after assembly.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the device of Figures 1 and 2 in operation.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are sectional views similar to those of Figures 2 and 3 of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the conductive elements of the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, taken along the plane VI-VI indicated in FIG. 5.
  • Figures 7 to 9 are sectional views similar to those of Figures 4 to 6 of a third embodiment of the invention, the view of Figure 9 being taken along the plane IX-IX indicated in Figure 8.
  • Figures 10 to 12 are views similar to those of Figures 1 to 3 of a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 13 to 15 are figures similar to those of Figures 4 to 6 of a fifth embodiment of the invention, the view of Figure 15 being taken according to plan XV-XV shown in Figure 14.
  • FIG. 16 is a plan view of an alternative conductive element usable in the device according to the invention.
  • Figures 17 and 18 show a variant of the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • a device comprises a body 1 of insulating elastic material.
  • the body 1 may for example be a plate of silicone-based elastomer material, having a thickness of the order of a few millimeters.
  • the body 1 is crossed by one or more rectilinear conduits 2, for example having a circular section.
  • the device shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises two conductive elements 3 of metal, which are introduced into the duct 2 by two opposite faces of the body 1.
  • the two conductive elements 3 have an identical structure. They each comprise a rod 4 penetrating into the conduit 2 and a domed head 5 remaining outside the conduit. A shoulder 6 is formed between the rod 4 and the head 5. When the conductive elements 3 are introduced into the duct 2, the shoulders 6 come to bear against the surface 7 of the body 1 in the vicinity of the duct 2.
  • the rod 4 of each conductive element comprises, at its end opposite to the head 5, a contact surface 8 inclined with respect to the direction of the rod 4.
  • their contact surfaces respective 8 are parallel to each other and form an angle A with the plane P perpendicular to the direction D of the conduit 2 ( Figure 2).
  • the conductive elements 3 introduced into the conduit are pushed axially towards one another, they tend to slide along their respective contact surfaces 8 while maintaining contact between these two surfaces.
  • the rod 4 of each conductive element 3 has a cross section greater than that of the conduit 2 when the conductive elements 3 are not introduced there.
  • the presence of the conductive elements 3 in the conduit 2 widens the conduit 2, which keeps the conductive elements 3 in place after the assembly of the device (FIG. 2).
  • the components 10 are shown interconnected by means of the device.
  • the components 10 are interconnected by means of contact pads 11, deposited on their surface.
  • the components 10 can for example be integrated or printed circuits.
  • the contact pads 11 are applied against the domed heads 5 of the conductive elements 3 with an axial pressure.
  • This axial pressure elastically deforms the body 1 by means of the support shoulders 6 of the conductive elements 3.
  • the two conductors are offset one with respect to the other. This further distorts the conduit.
  • the tendency of the conduit to return to its rest form ensures the contact pressure between the contact surfaces 8.
  • the accompanying property of the contacts results from the inclination of the contact surfaces 8 relative to the plane P transverse to the direction D of duct 2. If components 10 move slightly in the axial direction, the conductive elements 3 slide relative to each other along their respective contact surfaces 8 while maintaining the electrical contact.
  • the contact pressure can be adjusted to a certain extent by adapting the spacing of the two components 10 to be interconnected, or, in the case where this spacing is imposed, by adapting the thickness of the elastic body 1 and the length of the conductive elements 3
  • the contact pressure can also be varied by modifying the modulus of elasticity of the material of the body 1.
  • each rod 24 has the shape of a semicircle delimited by a diametrical line d extending along the contact surfaces 28, which are planar.
  • the rods 24 form, in cross section, a circle with a diameter greater than that of the conduit 2.
  • the contact surfaces 28 of the conductive elements 23 are parallel to the direction D of the duct 2, that is to say that they form a right angle with respect to the plane P perpendicular to the direction D, which guarantees good support of the contact.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 illustrate another embodiment of the invention usable when one of the components to be connected 50 is a pin component 51.
  • the device comprises a body 1 similar to that described for the previous exemplary embodiments, and, for each pin 51, a conductive element 43 of metal.
  • the body 1 comprises rectilinear conduits 2, the cross section of which is close to that of the pins 51 and the spacings of which correspond to those of the pins 51.
  • the conductive elements 43 comprise a rod 44, a head 45, and a support shoulder 46 formed between the rod 44 and the head 45.
  • the rod 44 has the shape of a half cylinder whose internal diameter corresponds to that of a pin 51, and whose outside diameter is slightly greater than that of the conduit 2.
  • the contact surface 58 of the conductive pin 51 is defined by one side of the cylindrical shape of the pin 51.
  • the contact surface 48 of the conductive element 43 has a concave shape matching the convex shape of the contact surface 58 of the spindle 51.
  • the contact surface 48 is defined inside the rod 44 by generatrices parallel to the direction D of the conduit 2.
  • the conductive elements 43 are first introduced into the corresponding conduits 2, then the conductive pins 51 of the component 50 are introduced via the opposite face of the body 1 so that the ends of the pins 51 come into contact with the interior rods 44 ( Figure 7). Then, when the pin component 50 and the component with conductive pads 10 are urged towards each other, the pins 51 slide along the rods 44 of the conductive elements 43. The contact surfaces 48, 58 are held in place.
  • the body 61 of insulating elastic material is traversed by a conduit 62 consisting of two rectilinear parts 62a, 62b forming between them an angle which, in the example shown, is equal to 90 °.
  • the rectilinear parts 62a, 62b of the conduit 62 lead to two adjacent surfaces 67a, 67b of the body 61.
  • each rectilinear part 62a, 62b of the conduit is introduced a conductive element 63 having the same structure as the conductive element 3 of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
  • the rod of the conductive element 63 has a slightly larger diameter to that of the corresponding duct part.
  • the contact surface 68 of a conductive element 63 forms an angle of approximately 45 ° with the plane Pa, Pb, perpendicular to the direction Da, Db of the corresponding part of the conduit 62a, 62b. So the contact surfaces 68 of two conductive elements 63 are practically parallel to one another when the device is assembled (FIG. 11).
  • the electrical contact between the conductive elements 63 is established by the contact surfaces 68 at the intersection between the two rectilinear parts 62a, 62b of the conduit 62.
  • the device illustrated in Figures 10 to 12 is used to interconnect components 10 whose conductive pads 11 are located in planes perpendicular to each other.
  • a rigid square support 69 can be provided having two surfaces 69c, 69d pressing against two surfaces 67c, 67d of the body 61, respectively opposite to the surfaces 67a, 67b.
  • the conductive elements 83 are identical to those of the embodiment in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the body 81 made of insulating elastic material of the embodiment of FIGS. 13 to 15 differs from the body 61 of the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 12 in that the rectilinear parts 82a, 82b of the conduit 82 extend beyond the intersection between these two rectilinear parts.
  • the conductive elements 83 are introduced into the rectilinear parts 82a, 82b of the conduit so that their respective contact surfaces 88 are located in the plane Q (FIG. 15) defined by the two directions of the rectilinear parts 82a, 82b of the conduit (plane of the Figures 13 and 14).
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a variant of a conducting element 103 usable in the device when a component to be interconnected has holes intended to receive contact pins.
  • the conductive element 103 comprises a rod 104 and a head 105, a support shoulder 106 being formed between the rod 104 and the head 105.
  • the head 105 comprises a pin 120, intended for the connection to the component to be interconnected.
  • the rod 104 of the element 103 has a conical end 108 on the side opposite to the head 105.
  • a pointed shape of the end 108 facilitates the introduction of the conductive element 103 in a conduit of smaller cross section, as in the example of FIGS. 1 to 3 and 10 to 12.
  • this pointed shape can make it possible to produce the conduit by driving the conductive elements 103 into a solid elastic body, the pointed end 108 perforating the material of the body to form the conduit which then behaves like the preformed conduits 2, 62, 82 previously described.
  • Figures 17 and 18 show a variant of the embodiment of the device shown in Figures 1 to 3.
  • the rod 4 of each of the two identical conductive elements 3 comprises a cylindrical part extended by a conical end 4a.
  • their respective contact surfaces 8 formed by the conical ends 4a are parallel to each other and form an angle A with the plane P (FIG. 17).
  • the device according to this variant embodiment is in fact the best embodiment and gives whole satisfaction with the pressure and support properties of the contacts.
  • the body of elastic material can take various forms depending on the number of interconnections to be made and the geometry of the components to be interconnected.
  • An advantage of the realization of the body in elastic material is that it can be given a shape ensuring the seal between the components to be interconnected.
  • the device according to the invention can have various applications. It can for example be inserted in an electronic assembly to interconnect several integrated or printed circuits. It can also be inserted into a connector to give it good contact pressure, support and possibly sealing properties.

Landscapes

  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Elektrische Zusammenschaltungsvorrichtung mit einem durch wenigstens einen Kanal (2; 62; 82) durchsetzten Körper aus elastischem isolierendem Werkstoff (1; 61; 81) und wenigstens einem leitfähigen Mittel (3; 23; 43; 63; 83; 103), das in den Kanal eingeführt wird zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen zwei miteinander zu verbindenden Bestandteilen (10), die auf das leitfähige Mittel einen den Körper aus elastischem Werkstoff (1; 61; 81) elastisch verformenden Druck ausüben, um das elastische Aufrechterhalten der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen den beiden Bestandteilen (10) zu gewährleisten, wobei das leitfähige Mittel zwei an dem Körper (1; 61; 81) im Bereich des Kanals anliegende Abstützteile (6; 26; 46, 56; 106) aufweist, um das vollständige Eindringen des leitfähigen Mittels in den Kanal zu verhindern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das leitfähige Mittel zwei in dem Kanal (2; 62; 82) eingeführte leitfähige Elemente (3; 23; 43; 63; 83; 103) umfasst, die jeweils zwei in den Kanal eindringende Stifte (4; 24; 44; 104) umfasst, die jeweils zwei zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Kontaktes zwischen den beiden leitfähigen Elementen bestimmte Kontakflächen (8; 28; 48, 58; 68; 83) aufweisen und dass in der Zusammenschaltungsstellung der beiden Bestandteilen (10) ein axialer Druck auf jedes leitfähige Element (3; 23; 43; 63; 83; 103) ausgeübt wird und den elastischen Körper (1; 61; 81) über die beiden Abstützteile (6; 26; 46, 56; 106) verformt, welche an denjenigen beiden Enden jeweils der beiden Stifte (4; 24; 44; 104) gelegen sind, die den die Kontaktflächen aufweisenden Enden entgegengesetzt sind, um einen Kontaktdruck zwischen den Kontaktflächen der leitfähigen Elemente (3; 23; 43; 63; 83; 103) zu gewährleisten.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eines der vorgenannten leitfähigen Elemente einen ausserhalb des Kanals (2) gelegenen Kopf (5; 25; 45; 105) umfasst und dass der vorgenannte Abstützteil des leitfähigen Elementes eine zwischen dem Stift (4; 24; 44; 104) und dem Kopf des leitfähigen Elementes gebildete Schulter (6; 26; 46; 106) aufweist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopf (5; 25; 45) des leitfähigen Elementes (3; 23; 43) eine gewölbte Gestalt auf der der Schulter (6; 26; 46) entgegengesetzten Seite hat und mit einem der den vorgenannten axialen Druck auf das leitfähige Element ausübenden vorgenannten Bestandteilen (10) in elektrischer Berührung ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopf (105) des leitfähigen Elementes (103) einen zum Anschluss an einen der den vorgenannten axialen Druck auf das leitfähige Element (103) ausübenden zusammenzuschaltenden Bestandteilen (10) bestimmten Dorn (120) auf der der Schulter (106) entgegengesetzten Seite aufweist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal (2) etwa geradlinig ist und die jeweiligen Kontaktflächen (8; 28; 48, 58) der in den Kanal (2) eingesetzten leitfähigen Elemente (3; 23; 43, 51) einen Winkel (A) mit der zu der Richtung (D) des Kanals (2) senkrechten Ebene (P) bilden.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgenannten leitfähigen Elemente (3) jeweils zwei die vorgenannten Kontaktflächen (8) bildende kegelförmige angrenzende Enden aufweisen.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal (2) etwa geradlinig ist und dass die Kontakflächen (28; 48, 58) der in den Kanal (2) eingeführten leitfähigen Elemente (23; 43,51) etwa parallel zu der Richtung (D) des Kanals sind.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontakfläche (48) eines in den Kanal (2) eingesetzten leitfähigen Elementes (43) eine durch die zu der Richtung (D) des Kanals etwa parallelen Erzeugenden bestimmte sich an die komplementäre konvexe Gestalt der Kontaktfläche (58) des anderen in dem Kanal (2) eingeführten leitfähigen Elementes (51) anschmiegende konkave Gestalt hat.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal (62; 82) zwei miteinander einen Winkel bildende geradlinige Abschnitte (62a, 62b; 82a; 82b) umfasst und dass ein leitfähiges Element (63; 83) in jeden geradelinigen Abschnitt des Kanals eingeführt wird, wobei der elektrische Kontakt zwischen den Kontaktflächen (68; 83) der leitfähigen Elemente (1; 61; 81) an dem Schnittpunkt der beiden geradelinigen Abschnitte (62a, 62b; 82a, 82b) stattfindet.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes in einen geradelinigen Abschnitt (62a, 62b; 82a, 82b) des Kanals (62; 82) eingeführte leitfähige Element (63; 83) mit seiner Kontaktfläche (68; 88) einen Winkel mit der zu der Richtung (Da, Db) des besagten geradelinigen Abschnittes senkrechten Ebene (Pa, Pb) bildet.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktflächen (88) der in den Kanal (82) eingesetzten leitfähigen Elemente (83) zu der durch die beiden Richtungen der geradelinigen Abschnitte (82a, 82b) des Kanals bestimmten Ebene (Q) etwa parallel sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes in den Kanal (2; 62) eingesetzte leitfähige Element (3; 63) einen grösseren Querschnitt als der Querschnitt des Kanals hat und somit den Querschnitt des Kanals elastisch verformt, um das leitfähige Element in dem elastischen Körper zu halten.
EP92403196A 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0545790B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9114820A FR2684492B1 (fr) 1991-11-29 1991-11-29 Dispositif d'interconnexion electrique.
FR9114820 1991-11-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0545790A1 EP0545790A1 (de) 1993-06-09
EP0545790B1 true EP0545790B1 (de) 1995-12-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92403196A Expired - Lifetime EP0545790B1 (de) 1991-11-29 1992-11-26 Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5338232A (de)
EP (1) EP0545790B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05326040A (de)
AT (1) ATE131962T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2083563C (de)
DE (1) DE69206966T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2684492B1 (de)

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FR2764721B1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1999-07-09 Bull Cp8 Dispositif pour communiquer avec un support de donnees portable
US6217342B1 (en) 1997-10-30 2001-04-17 Intercon Systems, Inc. Interposer assembly
US6315576B1 (en) 1997-10-30 2001-11-13 Intercon Systems, Inc. Interposer assembly
US6290507B1 (en) 1997-10-30 2001-09-18 Intercon Systems, Inc. Interposer assembly
JP2901603B1 (ja) * 1998-07-01 1999-06-07 ユニテクノ株式会社 電子部品導電シート
CA2321623A1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2001-08-28 Johnstech International Corporation Interconnect contact
GB2378055B (en) * 2001-07-27 2005-05-11 Balfour Beatty Plc Electrical connector
US6814585B2 (en) * 2002-04-19 2004-11-09 Johnstech International Corporation Electrical connector with resilient contact
CN201038364Y (zh) * 2007-02-26 2008-03-19 番禺得意精密电子工业有限公司 电连接器
BRPI0912072B1 (pt) * 2008-08-14 2019-05-14 Koninklijke Philips N. V. Dispositivo elétrico com um conjunto de contato e conjunto de dispositivos elétricos
US8536889B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2013-09-17 Johnstech International Corporation Electrically conductive pins for microcircuit tester
US20130002285A1 (en) 2010-03-10 2013-01-03 Johnstech International Corporation Electrically Conductive Pins For Microcircuit Tester
US8251755B2 (en) * 2010-06-14 2012-08-28 Tyco Electronics Corporation Connector with a laterally moving contact
TWI534432B (zh) 2010-09-07 2016-05-21 瓊斯科技國際公司 用於微電路測試器之電氣傳導針腳
DE102014224696A1 (de) * 2014-12-03 2016-06-09 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Schaltungsträgeranordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schaltungsträgeranordnung

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CH359184A (fr) * 1960-02-22 1961-12-31 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Procédé pour réaliser une connexion électrique entre une borne et un fil conducteur
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2083563C (en) 2002-10-22
US5338232A (en) 1994-08-16
FR2684492B1 (fr) 1994-02-25
EP0545790A1 (de) 1993-06-09
JPH05326040A (ja) 1993-12-10
DE69206966T2 (de) 1996-08-14
CA2083563A1 (en) 1993-05-30
DE69206966D1 (de) 1996-02-01
ATE131962T1 (de) 1996-01-15
FR2684492A1 (fr) 1993-06-04

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