EP0540529A1 - Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung für eine fremdgezündete brennkraftmaschine. - Google Patents
Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung für eine fremdgezündete brennkraftmaschine.Info
- Publication number
- EP0540529A1 EP0540529A1 EP91910996A EP91910996A EP0540529A1 EP 0540529 A1 EP0540529 A1 EP 0540529A1 EP 91910996 A EP91910996 A EP 91910996A EP 91910996 A EP91910996 A EP 91910996A EP 0540529 A1 EP0540529 A1 EP 0540529A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- distributor
- injection device
- valve
- fuel injection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M41/00—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
- F02M41/08—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined
- F02M41/14—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined rotary distributor supporting pump pistons
- F02M41/1405—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor and pumping elements being combined rotary distributor supporting pump pistons pistons being disposed radially with respect to rotation axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
Definitions
- the invention is based on a device according to the genus of hauotansoruchs.
- a fuel injection device for spark-ignition internal combustion engines of this type known from EP-PS 0 114 991
- the duration of the fuel in the combustion chamber during full load operation of the internal combustion engine is increased by the 180 ° angle of rotation of a camshaft connected to an internal combustion engine piston compared to the residence time Partial load operation extended.
- the injection quantity of the fuel is adapted to the load operation.
- the fuel injection device has a pump and a distributor, preferably driven at the pump speed.
- the rotating part of the distributor connects via internal flow channels, depending on the angle of rotation, a supply line connected to the pump, alternately with injection lines leading to the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
- the fuel When the internal combustion engine is operating at full load, the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber during the suction stroke of the internal combustion engine piston so that it can mix well up to the ignition point. In this way, a complete combustion of the fuel-air mixture is ensured and soot emissions are prevented.
- the fuel in part-load operation of the internal combustion engine, the fuel becomes very late, i.e. injected immediately before the ignition point so that an ignitable mixture can form in layers in the area of the spark plug, so that the ignition initiated by the spark plug briefly detects the rest of the charge in the combustion chamber;
- a switchover valve is provided for switching between the two different load-dependent injection times of the fuel injection device.
- the outlet side has two outlet openings, each of which is connected to the inlet opening as a function of the position of the valve slide.
- the outlet openings lead to two different inner passages of the rotating part of the distributor.
- the openings of the two passage channels occupy different angular positions in the fixed part of the distributor, so that the two opening angle regions of the rotating part of the distributor thus generated - in relation to the respective cylinder of the internal combustion engine - lead or lag relative to one another.
- the known fuel injection device has the disadvantage that it is complicated.
- the production of the numerous transitions for the fuel between the fixed part of the distributor and the rotating part of the distributor is particularly complex.
- These fuel transitions, which are designed as ring grooves, require precise manufacture with low tolerances of the distributor parts and the provision of appropriate sealing means for faultless operation.
- the rotating part of the distributor does not have a homogeneous mass distribution on the surface of the rotating part of the distributor due to its flow channels running inside with the corresponding inlet and outlet openings. This places an unfavorable load on the bearings.
- the fuel injection device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has a simplified construction while eliminating the disadvantages mentioned.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that by moving the changeover valve into the rotating part of the distributor, a number of (to be sealed) fuel Transitions between the lines of the fixed part of the distributor and the associated flow channels arranged in the rotating part of the distributor can be avoided, so that the production outlay is reduced. Furthermore, the flow conditions of the fuel delivered within the lines and the flow channels can thereby be improved, so that a more direct fuel delivery is made possible.
- the changeover valve is arranged concentrically within the rotating part of the distributor and its inlet opening is connected to the pump work space via a line which also runs exclusively within the rotating part of the distributor.
- the rotating part of the distributor can be built up uniformly and concentrically, so that the bearing forces occurring during rotation are reduced in relation to the known design.
- the flow channels are connected directly to the changeover valve, whereby two transition channels of the fuel between the fixed part and the rotating part of the distributor are unnecessary.
- Valve spool of the changeover valve in the axial direction of the rotating part of the distributor the coaxial arrangement of the rotating part of the distributor with the changeover not changed from part load to full load operation. An increase in the bearing forces during the switching process is thus avoided from the outset. Furthermore, a more compact and lighter design is made possible in that the rotating part of the distributor forms the wall guiding the valve slide.
- the longitudinal axis of the changeover valve and / or the connecting lines between the changeover valve and the pump work space coincide with the longitudinal axis of the rotating part of the distributor.
- the movements of the individual parts can thus be coordinated with one another at low cost.
- a streamlined arrangement of the fuel lines is made possible, that is to say fuel lines which have short lengths and are as straight as possible with few changes in direction.
- valve spool When the valve spool moves, the hydraulic fluid passes through the annular groove and the connecting channel to an end face of the valve spool, so that the valve spool can be switched while the distributor rotor is rotating. Furthermore, this design and arrangement of the valve spool means that the hydraulic pressure for moving the valve spool can be built up essentially without pressure loss from the hydraulic drive and can be applied to the corresponding end face of the valve spool.
- a valve in particular a solenoid valve, is provided in the hydraulic drive for setting the activation times of the valve slide.
- the solenoid valve can be easily controlled by means of electrical signals and thus essentially the flow rate or the flow times of the hydraulic fluid during the switching process of the switching valve.
- the valve slide has an annular groove which is connected to the connecting line via pressure channels. The fuel can be conveyed through the annular groove into the further openings of the passage channels of the distributor.
- the effort involved in producing and processing the fixed part of the distributor can be reduced, that the outlet openings of the inner passage channels of the rotating part of the distributor are located on the outside thereof at the same height with respect to the axial direction.
- Axial compensation by moving the valve spool is provided in the rotating part of the distributor.
- the valve slide can also be stabilized in a position which forms the starting position, in which a spring which acts in the axial direction and is biased in the direction of the pump work space is present on the end face of the valve slide which is remote from the pump work space.
- the spring force presses the slide against a stop arranged according to the starting position of the slide.
- the valve slide is held in the starting position in the event of a possible defect in the hydraulic line, i.e. preferably in the position for part-load operation. An uncontrolled movement of the slide in the event of a possible defect in the hydraulic line is thus avoided and a controlled injection takes place even in the event of failure or malfunctions of the hydraulic drive.
- the rotating part of the distributor forms the working piston of the pump.
- the size of the fuel injection device is thereby reduced in a favorable manner and the possibility of constructive design of the fuel injection device is expanded, in particular with regard to optimal fuel delivery.
- the annular groove for the hydraulic fluid or an opening provided on the opposite wall has an extent in the axial direction that hydraulic fluid can pass regardless of the axial position of the rotating part of the distributor. The transition during the rotational and lifting movements of the corresponding part of the distributor is thus guaranteed throughout.
- a relief line can be connected to a relief space via a time-dependent releasable discharge line.
- the fuel line leading the fuel into the pump work space * is arranged coaxially with the axis of the rotating part of the distributor.
- a check valve can be used, which is provided in the fuel line leading the fuel into the pump work space for closing the fuel line during the pressure stroke.
- a controllable fuel shut-off means is preferably connected in parallel to the check valve, the fuel shut-off valve being located in the relief line.
- a pressure limiter is provided in the fuel line, which avoids suddenly increasing line pressures, in which the pressure limiter opens its valve.
- the hydraulic drive is connected to the fuel line, the fuel forming the pressure medium and the pressure being generated by a feed pump provided in the fuel line.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a simplified representation of the fuel injection pump
- Figures 2a and 2b each * functions is a section through the manifold of the fuel injection pump in different Heidelbergposi ⁇
- Figures 3a to 3e each a diagram of a Ein ⁇ injection sequence in dependence on the load of the Internal combustion engine and corresponding to the possible switchover processes with a schematically represented cross section of the distributor and in FIG. 4 five time diagrams in different dependencies during a switchover process by the switchover valve.
- an injection pump 9 for spark-ignition internal combustion engines which has a distributor 10 consisting of a fixed part 101 and a distributor rotor 102.
- the cylindrical distributor rotor 102 of the distributor 10 is also designed as a working piston of the injection pump 9 for pump movements and is connected to a rotating drive (not shown here) which generates stroke movements by means of a control disk.
- the fixed part 101 of the distributor 10 is designed as a cylinder adapted to the rotating part 102 of the distributor 10.
- the distributor rotor 102 is guided in the fixed part 101 of the distributor 10.
- the free end of the distributor rotor 102 is adjoined by a pump work chamber 11 which essentially has the diameter of the distributor rotor 102 and which is expanded or reduced by the stroke movements of the distributor rotor 102 and thus conveys the fuel located in the pump work chamber.
- the pump working space 11 is delimited in the axial direction by a wall 12 and in the radial direction by the inner surface 103 of the fixed part 101 of the distributor 10 which is adapted to the distributor rotor 102.
- a cylindrical recess 13 which extends to the pump working chamber 11 and which has a constant diameter over its axial extent.
- a valve slide 14 which is displaceable in the axial direction and which is adapted to the recess 13 in the radial direction and which is limited in the direction of the pump working space 11 by a stop disk 15 in its axial displacement movement.
- the valve slide 14, which is displaceable in the recess acts as a changeover valve.
- the stop disc 15 is in an adapted th groove in the distributor rotor 102 clamped in the recess 13.
- the limitation of the displacement movement in the opposite displacement direction of the valve spool 14 is formed by the end face 16 of the recess 13, so that the valve spool 14 is displaceably mounted from the end face 16 of the recess 13 up to the stop disc 15.
- a hydraulic channel 17 leads centrally from the end face 16 of the recess 13 up to two connecting channels 18 which run radially with respect to the axis of the distributor rotor 102. These two radial connection channels 18 end in an annular groove 19 formed in the distributor rotor 102.
- the annular groove 19 corresponds to an opening 20 of a hydraulic line 21 and extends in the axial direction in accordance with the maximum stroke movements, so that hydraulic fluid reaches the annular groove 19 from the opening 20 and so independently of the position of the distributor rotor with the valve slide 14 can always be moved by the hydraulic drive.
- valve spool 14 close tightly with the recess 13, so that the associated end face 141 of the valve spool 14 can be acted upon with hydraulic fluid without loss.
- a solenoid valve 23 connected to a control device 22 is arranged in the hydraulic line 21 to determine the activation times of the valve slide. According to the control by the control device 22, the solenoid valve 23 opens, so that the valve slide is pressed into its left or right position as a result of the pressure conditions in the pump work chamber 11 and the pressure conditions caused by the hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic drive.
- the valve slide 14 In the end face 16 of the recess 13 there is a cylindrical, coaxially arranged recess 24 and a corresponding further recess 25 in the end face 141 of the valve slide 14.
- the two recesses 24 and 25 are connected to one another via a prestressed spring 26, which presses the valve slide 14 in the direction of the pump work chamber 11. In the event of a possible defect in the hydraulic line, the valve spool 14 is thus pressed against the stop disc 15, the position of the valve spool during part-load operation of the internal combustion engine, by the prestressed spring 26.
- valve slide 14 there is an outwardly facing annular groove 27 and in the recess 13 or in the distributor rotor 102 there are two inwardly facing, axial directions corresponding to the displacement movement of the valve tilschiebers 14 offset annular grooves 28 and 29 formed.
- connection channel 30 Starting from the annular groove 27 is a connection channel 30, which initially runs radially to the center of the valve slide 14 and then in the axial direction to the pump work chamber 11, which enables a fuel flow from the pump work chamber 11 into the inlet opening 31 of the connection channel 30 into the annular groove 27.
- a passage channel 32 and 33 leads from the annular grooves 28 and 29 to the outer surface of the distributor rotor 102, the outlet openings 34 and 35 of the passage channels 32 and 33 being arranged at the same height in the axial direction. At a corresponding height, the outlet openings 34 and 35 of the passage channels 32 and 33 have inlet openings 36 to 39 of injection lines 361 to 391 in the fixed part
- the passage channels 32 and 33 run obliquely in the distributor rotor 102 in order to compensate for the axial offset of their associated ring grooves 28 and 29.
- the inlet openings 36 to 39 have an angle of 90 ° adjacent to one another.
- the injection lines 361 to 391 are connected to injection nozzles 362 to 392, which bring the fuel into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
- the outlet openings 34 and 35 take on the outer surface of the distributor rotor
- the pump work chamber 11 By moving the valve slide 14 into one of the two stop positions, the pump work chamber 11 can be connected to the passage channel 32 or 33 via the annular groove 27 and the annular groove 28 or 29. As a result, the fuel introduced into the pump work chamber 11 can be conveyed via the passage channel 32 or 33 into the injection lines 361 to 391 and thus accordingly into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
- the fuel enters the pump work chamber 11 via a fuel line 40 arranged coaxially to the rotating axis of the distributor rotor 102.
- the fuel line 40 leads the fuel from an electric fuel pump 42 which pressurizes the fuel and delivers it from a storage tank 41 via a to close the fuel line 40
- Check valve 43 provided in the pump work space 11 is connected in parallel with the check valve 43 and a further solenoid valve 44 is connected to the control device 22.
- the solenoid valve 44 opens for predetermined periods of the pressure stroke by signals from the control device 22.
- the injection duration and the injection quantity are controlled via this solenoid valve 44, since when the solenoid valve 44 is opened during the pressure stroke, fuel from the pump work chamber 11 is controlled flows through the solenoid valve 44.
- the solenoid valve 44 When the solenoid valve 44 is opened, the start of delivery, the delivery rate and the delivery duration can be controlled, so that the fuel is correspondingly less or over a shorter period of time is injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the distributor rotor 102.
- a pressure limiter 45 is connected upstream of the check valve 43 and the solenoid valve 44, so that the pressure limiter 45 opens when a predetermined pressure value is exceeded and fuel can escape into a catch tank 46.
- the hydraulic drive is connected to the fuel line 40, the fuel being the pressure medium, i.e. forms the hydraulic fluid and the pressure in the hydraulic fluid is generated by the electric fuel pump 42.
- valve slide 14 At full load operation, ie injection in the suction stroke, the valve slide 14 is in its left position, so that the fuel passes from the pump work chamber 11 via the connection duct 30 into the passage duct 33 and then into the corresponding cylinder.
- valve spool 14 At partial load operation, i.e. Injection in the compression stroke of the piston of the internal combustion engine, the valve spool 14 is in the right position, so that the fuel reaches the passage channel 32 and thus the associated cylinders of the internal combustion engine via the connecting channel 30.
- the solenoid valve 23 remains closed during the delivery stroke of the distributor rotor 102, as a result of which the valve slide 14 cannot move to the left, because the hydraulic pressure continues to act on the valve slide 14. To correct an adjustment that can occur due to leakage on the valve slide 14, the solenoid valve 23 is briefly opened during the suction stroke of the distributor rotor 102. The forces acting on the valve slide 14 Spring force, inertia force and pressure differential force between the left and right end faces then ensure that the stop disc 15 is pressed on.
- valve slide 14 can also be carried out via the circuitry described for the solenoid valve 23.
- the exemplary embodiment relates to a fuel supply for a four-cylinder internal combustion engine.
- a fuel supply for a four-cylinder internal combustion engine can also be supplied with such a correspondingly modified fuel injection pump.
- the outlet opening 34 hurries by the angular distance in front of the outlet opening 35 which the successive injection lines 361 to 391 have from one another.
- valve spool 14 is in the right-hand position during partial load operation and the fuel reaches it from the ring groove 27 of the valve spool 14, into the ring groove 29 of the distributor rotor 102, the passage channel 32, the outlet opening 35 of which in each case via the inlet openings 36 to -39 into the injection lines 361 to 391 into the connected cylinders.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4023307A DE4023307A1 (de) | 1990-07-21 | 1990-07-21 | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung fuer fremdgezuendete brennkraftmschinen |
DE4023307 | 1990-07-21 | ||
PCT/DE1991/000518 WO1992001863A1 (de) | 1990-07-21 | 1991-06-26 | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung für fremdgezündete brennkraftmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0540529A1 true EP0540529A1 (de) | 1993-05-12 |
EP0540529B1 EP0540529B1 (de) | 1995-09-13 |
Family
ID=6410807
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91910996A Expired - Lifetime EP0540529B1 (de) | 1990-07-21 | 1991-06-26 | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung für eine fremdgezündete brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5327869A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0540529B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH05507990A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4023307A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992001863A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2275307B (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1996-06-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | A fuel-injection system for internal combustion engines |
GB2283533B (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1996-07-10 | Cummins Engine Co Inc | Distributor for a high pressure fuel system |
EP0785356B1 (de) * | 1993-09-14 | 2000-05-10 | Lucas Industries Limited | Kraftstoffzufuhreinrichtung |
KR100499583B1 (ko) * | 1999-11-17 | 2005-07-07 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 액정 주입장치와 액정주입방법 |
US8118549B2 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2012-02-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Gas turbine transition duct apparatus |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE933182C (de) * | 1953-10-04 | 1955-09-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe, insbesondere fuer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen |
GB1542865A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1979-03-28 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Fuel injection pumping apparatus |
US4052971A (en) * | 1975-10-10 | 1977-10-11 | Stanadyne, Inc. | Fuel injection pump and timing control therefor |
DE3001166A1 (de) * | 1980-01-15 | 1981-07-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage |
DE3124500A1 (de) * | 1981-06-23 | 1983-01-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe |
DE3248713A1 (de) * | 1982-12-31 | 1984-07-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren zur einspritzung von kraftstoff und kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
DE3543151A1 (de) * | 1985-08-16 | 1987-02-26 | Daimler Benz Ag | Druckoelzufuehrvorrichtung fuer einen mit einer einspritzpumpe zusammenwirkenden hydraulisch betaetigten spritzversteller |
US4667641A (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1987-05-26 | Stanadyne, Inc. | Injection pump with radially mounted spill control valve |
-
1990
- 1990-07-21 DE DE4023307A patent/DE4023307A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-06-26 WO PCT/DE1991/000518 patent/WO1992001863A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1991-06-26 JP JP91510525A patent/JPH05507990A/ja active Pending
- 1991-06-26 US US07/838,817 patent/US5327869A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-26 DE DE59106489T patent/DE59106489D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-26 EP EP91910996A patent/EP0540529B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9201863A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4023307A1 (de) | 1992-01-23 |
EP0540529B1 (de) | 1995-09-13 |
WO1992001863A1 (de) | 1992-02-06 |
DE59106489D1 (de) | 1995-10-19 |
US5327869A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
JPH05507990A (ja) | 1993-11-11 |
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