EP0538684B1 - Brenner mit reduzierter Schadstoffemission - Google Patents

Brenner mit reduzierter Schadstoffemission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0538684B1
EP0538684B1 EP92117234A EP92117234A EP0538684B1 EP 0538684 B1 EP0538684 B1 EP 0538684B1 EP 92117234 A EP92117234 A EP 92117234A EP 92117234 A EP92117234 A EP 92117234A EP 0538684 B1 EP0538684 B1 EP 0538684B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
oxidizing gas
combustion
outlet openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92117234A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0538684A2 (de
EP0538684A3 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Lissack
Arne Herfeldt
Erich Dipl.-Ing. Czajka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP0538684A2 publication Critical patent/EP0538684A2/de
Publication of EP0538684A3 publication Critical patent/EP0538684A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0538684B1 publication Critical patent/EP0538684B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for low-pollutant combustion of a fuel with an oxidizing gas with at least one supply channel for the fuel and at least one supply channel for the oxidizing gas.
  • Such burners are e.g. known from EP-A-0 012 308.
  • Nitrogen oxides arise during the combustion process essentially from the molecular nitrogen (“thermal NO x ”) present in the combustion air or in the fuel (eg natural gas) and from the nitrogen (“fuel NO x ”) bound in the fuel (eg coal, heating oil).
  • Thermal nitrogen oxide is generated in the area of the flame root or in hot flame zones at temperatures above 1300 ° C from dissociated oxygen and nitrogen molecules.
  • the thermal NO x formation depends on the concentration of the molecular nitrogen and dissociated oxygen and strongly dependent on the temperature.
  • the oxygen concentration of the combustion air or the oxidizing gas is primarily decisive for the fuel NO x formation.
  • the air ratio ⁇ is a major influencing factor in NO x formation.
  • Oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen are therefore used as the oxidizing gas in order to minimize the supply of nitrogen.
  • this results in higher flame temperatures and a higher oxygen partial pressure.
  • To reduce the oxygen supply use is made of the return of burned exhaust gases to the combustion air or the oxidizing gas, which on the one hand reduces the oxygen content by dilution, and on the other hand lowers the combustion temperature due to the exhaust gas ballast, which extracts heat from the flame.
  • the supply of cooled exhaust gases to the area of the flamen root is efficient.
  • Staged combustion is also suitable for the same purpose (Gas pulp International, 39 (1990), No. 6, June).
  • Stage combustion burners point downstream, i.e. in the direction of the flame, drawn supply ducts for the combustion air or the oxidizing gas, which allow access to only a small amount of oxygen through primary air openings in the lower part near the burner, and in the upper part through secondary and tertiary air openings to allow access to the corresponding amount of near-stoichiometric combustion.
  • the flame temperature thus remains far below that which occurs in single-stage combustion.
  • This step combustion implemented with so-called “secondary air obstacles” in the combustion air supply duct, has the disadvantages that these obstacles, which surround the burner in the form of a jacket, are exposed to severe heat, since they are located downstream of the fuel gas opening, and that the mold the casing has a strong influence on the CO emission, which must be determined before the burner is used and which makes many embodiments unusable due to excessive CO emissions.
  • This measure according to the invention makes optimal use of all possibilities for reducing pollutants.
  • the elongated opening cross-sections have a larger circumference than the previous circular ones with the same cross-sectional area and therefore make it possible to return a larger amount of furnace exhaust gases into the oxidizing gas jet.
  • This inert exhaust gas ballast sucked into the oxidation gas jets lowers the flame temperature and the oxygen partial pressure more than before and thus effectively prevents NO x formation.
  • Another advantage of the burner according to the invention is that the diameter of the burner head can be kept small in spite of the enlarged suction surface for furnace exhaust gases.
  • the oxidizing gas openings had to be as far away as possible from the fuel gas opening, which considerably increased the dimensions of the burner head.
  • narrow supply channels for oxidizing gas were then necessary in the immediate vicinity of the fuel gas opening in order to keep the flame stable at the burner mouth and to prevent the flame from being torn off.
  • both a large amount of furnace exhaust gases can be sucked back into the flame and the flame can be held stably at the burner mouth without the diameter of the burner head having to be significantly increased.
  • the tips of the wedge-shaped outlet openings for the oxidizing gas point to the axis of a feed channel for the fuel, the fuel escaping there is mixed with only a small amount of oxidizing gas, so that the flame burns under-stoichiometrically and at the same time is held stably at the burner mouth.
  • the radially outward widening wedge-shaped cross section of the oxidizing gas jets then causes the combustible gas to be burned with an amount of oxidizing gas corresponding to the near-stoichiometric combustion only with increasing distance from the burner mouth.
  • the area of the oxidizing gas jets required for sucking in furnace exhaust gases increases in the radial direction towards the outside.
  • the substoichiometric combustion in the area of the flame root with the combustion that completes downstream contributes significantly to the reduction of the nitrogen oxide values.
  • the inner distance between the outlet opening of a feed channel for the fuel and the outlet openings of the feed channels for the oxidizing gas is at least 20% of the diameter of the outlet opening of the feed channel for the fuel. It is usually sufficient if this distance is less than 50% of the diameter of the outlet opening for the fuel.
  • the flame can then be held steadily on the burner mouth, on the other hand there is a sufficiently large suction surface for furnace exhaust gases without over-dimensioning the burner mouth.
  • An exemplary embodiment is intended to explain the burner according to the invention in more detail and to describe its advantages.
  • the drawing schematically shows the top view of the burner mouth 4 of a burner according to the invention with a feed channel 2 arranged in the middle of the burner mouth 4 for the fuel natural gas and about the axis 3 of this feed channel 2 concentrically arranged feed channels for the oxidizing gas, as pure oxygen is used.
  • the outlet opening of the feed channel 2 for the fuel is circular in this case, whereas the outlet openings 1 of the feed channels for the oxidizing gas are wedge-shaped according to the invention.
  • the longitudinal axes of these wedge-shaped outlet openings 1 are aligned in the radial direction with the axis 3 of the supply channel 2 for the fuel.
  • the alignment of the wedge-shaped outlet openings 1 for the oxidizing gas allows the inflow of an amount of oxygen decreasing from the outside inwards in the radial direction, so that in the vicinity of the outlet openings of the supply duct 2 for the natural gas, the latter is burned sub-stoichiometrically, at the same time the flame stably at the burner mouth 4 can be held.
  • the increasing amount of oxygen flowing out of the wedge-shaped outlet openings 1 in the radial direction only mixes further downstream with the incompletely burned natural gas and finally burns it completely. As a result, stage combustion that is very effective for NO x reduction is realized.
  • Opening angle and cross-sectional area of the wedge-shaped outlet openings 1 for the oxygen and the number of feed channels for the oxidizing gas are dimensioned such that the flame in the end region is close to stoichiometric and burns substoichiometrically at the flame root.
  • the number of feed channels for the oxygen is six, and the cross-sectional area of each outlet opening 1 of these feed channels is approximately one third of the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening for the natural gas.
  • the opening angle of the wedge-shaped outlet openings 1 is approximately 6 °.
  • the inner distance between the outlet openings 1 for the oxygen and the outlet opening of the inlet channel 2 for the natural gas is 25% of the diameter of the outlet opening of this inlet channel 2.
  • the geometric shape of the outlet openings 1 according to the invention for the oxidation for the oxygen jets allows a large amount of furnace exhaust gases to be drawn in in the area of the flame root. As a result, the flame is cooled and the oxygen partial pressure is reduced, likewise two mechanisms that prevent NO x formation.
  • Exhaust gas measurements during operation of the burner according to the invention with a firing capacity of 0.8 MW result in approximately 160 mg NO x / Nm 3 exhaust gas and approximately 120 mg CO at an oven chamber temperature of approximately 1350 ° C. and an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 4%. This means that the relevant TA-Luft limit values are clearly undercut.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP92117234A 1991-10-23 1992-10-08 Brenner mit reduzierter Schadstoffemission Expired - Lifetime EP0538684B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4134979 1991-10-23
DE4134979A DE4134979A1 (de) 1991-10-23 1991-10-23 Brenner mit reduzierter schadstoffemission

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0538684A2 EP0538684A2 (de) 1993-04-28
EP0538684A3 EP0538684A3 (en) 1993-07-14
EP0538684B1 true EP0538684B1 (de) 1997-01-29

Family

ID=6443257

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92117234A Expired - Lifetime EP0538684B1 (de) 1991-10-23 1992-10-08 Brenner mit reduzierter Schadstoffemission

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0538684B1 (sk)
AT (1) ATE148547T1 (sk)
CZ (1) CZ282672B6 (sk)
DE (2) DE4134979A1 (sk)
ES (1) ES2096693T3 (sk)
SK (1) SK319692A3 (sk)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102230631A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2011-11-02 王兴文 一种废气焚烧热风炉烧嘴部的烧嘴砖
GB2533293A (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-22 Edwards Ltd Inlet assembly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2853309C2 (de) * 1978-12-09 1984-04-05 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Keramischer Brennerkopf für gasförmigen Brennstoff
US4378205A (en) * 1980-04-10 1983-03-29 Union Carbide Corporation Oxygen aspirator burner and process for firing a furnace
DE8905051U1 (de) * 1988-04-28 1989-06-08 Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid Brenner, insbesondere Gasbrenner
US4969814A (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-13 Union Carbide Corporation Multiple oxidant jet combustion method and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ319692A3 (en) 1993-06-16
ES2096693T3 (es) 1997-03-16
DE4134979A1 (de) 1993-04-29
CZ282672B6 (cs) 1997-08-13
EP0538684A2 (de) 1993-04-28
DE59207985D1 (de) 1997-03-13
ATE148547T1 (de) 1997-02-15
EP0538684A3 (en) 1993-07-14
SK319692A3 (en) 1995-03-08

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