EP0538094B1 - Récipient métallique à ouverture partielle par rupture d'une ligne de moindre résistance - Google Patents
Récipient métallique à ouverture partielle par rupture d'une ligne de moindre résistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0538094B1 EP0538094B1 EP92402714A EP92402714A EP0538094B1 EP 0538094 B1 EP0538094 B1 EP 0538094B1 EP 92402714 A EP92402714 A EP 92402714A EP 92402714 A EP92402714 A EP 92402714A EP 0538094 B1 EP0538094 B1 EP 0538094B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- cavity
- panel
- axis
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
- B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
- B65D51/22—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure
- B65D51/221—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening
- B65D51/222—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being integral with, or fixedly attached to, the outer closure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
- B65D17/52—Attachment of opening tools, e.g. slotted keys, to containers
- B65D17/521—Attached can-cutting devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
- B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
- B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
- B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
- B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
- B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
- B65D2251/0087—Lower closure of the 47-type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to quick-opening containers, in particular boxes intended to contain a drink.
- Such boxes generally cylindrical, have a radial end face forming a cover.
- the cover has a fixed part in which a partial opening panel is delimited by a line of least resistance, a connection zone remaining however between the fixed part of the cover and the opening panel.
- a manual opening member is fixed to the outside of the fixed part of the cover.
- the latter acts by leverage to break the line of least resistance and tilt the opening panel around said connection zone, towards the inside of the box. , without separation of the opening panel and the fixed part of the cover.
- An orifice is thus created allowing the contents of the box to be poured into a glass, a cup, or directly into the mouth of the consumer.
- the opening panel being in contact with the surrounding environment, is generally covered by impurities which are found in the drink during the spill.
- Patent CH-A-446,092 discloses a container corresponding to the preamble of claim 1.
- the object of the invention is to provide a container comprising a lid with rapid partial opening, in particular a drink can, ensuring better hygiene, facilitating the direct discharge into the mouth of a consumer, and which can be filled.
- the subject of the invention is a metal or composite container comprising a face forming a cover with partial opening comprising a fixed part in which an opening panel is delimited by a line of least resistance, a connection zone remaining however with the fixed part and the panel, so that by exerting pressure on the panel directed towards the interior of the container, the line of least resistance is broken and the panel is folded back towards the interior of the container around the connection zone , the fixed part of the cover being shaped to delimit a cavity extending towards the interior of the container and comprising a side wall and a bottom in which the opening panel is formed at least partially, said container comprising opening means movable relative to the panel so as to exert on the latter said pressure directed towards the interior of the container, said means of o opening comprising a member rotatably mounted on the fixed part of the cover around an axis oriented obliquely relative to the bottom of the cavity, an active part of the rotary member extending inside the cavity, near the panel opening, characterized in that the side wall of the cavity is
- Figure 1 is partially shown a metal or composite container 2 with easy opening, the cover 4 is shaped to define a cavity 6 directed towards the inside of the box.
- An incision 8 constituting a line of least resistance is arranged on the external face 10 of the side wall 12 of the cavity 6.
- connection zone 15 remains however between the side wall and the bottom 16a of the cavity which constitutes an opening panel.
- Figures 3 to 7 show a second embodiment of a container 2 according to the invention, constituting a cylindrical box in which the cavity 6 partially protrudes outside of the cover 4, thus delimiting a neck 13 of axis YY parallel to the axis XX of the box 2.
- the Y-Y axis can be merged with the X-X axis.
- the neck 13 (see FIG. 4) has an external wall 16 and an internal wall 18 constituting the side wall of the cavity 6, the walls 16 and 18 being connected by a neck 20.
- the neck 13 defines on its outer face an annular groove 22, and a bead.
- the cavity 6 has an open end 26 and an opposite end closed by a bottom 27 inclined at an angle ⁇ relative to the axis Y-Y.
- An opening panel 28 is delimited in the bottom 27 of the cavity by a line of least resistance 30, a connection zone 32 however remaining between the wall 18 and the panel 28.
- connection zone 32 extends for example over an angular sector of approximately 90 °, the line of least resistance extending over approximately 270 °.
- This angular value can be different according to the relative dimensions of the angles ⁇ and ⁇ , or according to the importance of the desired opening, its adaptation being the responsibility of a person skilled in the art.
- a member 14 (see also FIG. 3) adaptable to the neck 13 has a double function: to constitute on the one hand a removable shutter of the cavity 6 and on the other hand an opening member by rotation around the neck 13.
- the member 14 comprises a cylindrical outer side wall 34 of axis Y-Y, elastically deformable radially.
- the wall 34 has, at a first open end, an annular rib 36 intended to be received in the groove 22 of the neck.
- the second end of the wall 34 is closed by a radial wall 38, from which extend, towards the interior of the cavity 6 of the opening means.
- the opening means consist of a tubular part 40 coaxial with the wall 34.
- the tubular part 40 has a beveled end, that is to say a flat face 42 inclined at an angle ⁇ relative to the axis Y-Y.
- the angle ⁇ is less than or equal to the angle ⁇ .
- the length of the tubular part 40 is such that when, after elastic deformation of the wall 34, the rib 36 is received in the groove 22, the zone 44 of the flat face 42 furthest from the radial wall 38 is located near immediately from the zone 46 of the panel 28 farthest from the opening 26 of the cavity 6.
- Zone 46 is located at one end of the connection zone 32 (see also FIG. 6).
- the member 10 is for example made of plastic.
- This member 10 is removably attached to the neck 8 and it is rotatably mounted around the axis YY, the opening means consisting of the tubular part 40 therefore being rotatable about the axis YY.
- the cover 4 having been produced by stamping and forming a thin sheet to delimit the neck 13, is fixed to the cylindrical body of the box 2, filled with its container.
- the fixing of the cover 4 can be carried out for example by crimping.
- the member 14 is removably attached to the neck 13.
- marks can be provided on the opening member 10 and the fixed part of the cover 14 to ensure a predetermined angular positioning of the opening member 10 around the axis YY so that the zone 44 of the opening means is correctly located, as described above, and to allow the introduction of the groove 36 in the groove 22, which is not possible if the zone 44 is incorrectly angularly positioned.
- An arrow (not shown) can indicate on the external face of the wall 38 the direction of rotation to be applied to the opening member 10.
- the zone 44 of the opening means exerts a force on the panel 18 so that the line of lower resistance gradually breaks (see Figure 5), the rib 36 received in the groove 22 and the force exerted by the user preventing axial movement of the opening means towards the outside of the box.
- the gradual rupture of the line of least resistance 30 is accompanied by a gradual tilting towards the inside of the box of the panel part 28 detached from the wall of the cavity 6 under the action of the flat face 42 forming way of opening.
- This tilting takes place around a fold line 48 (see FIGS. 6 and 7) connecting the ends of the connection zone 32, when the opening has been completely carried out.
- the tubular part 40 is then subjected to an axial force directed towards the outside of the box and the opening means are subjected to a resulting axial movement, against the resistance opposed by the rib 36 received in the groove 22 .
- the axial force exerted on the opening means is transmitted to the rib 36, which causes the radial deformation of the wall 34 and the exit of the groove 36 from the groove 22, thus separating the member 14 from the neck 13.
- the box is thus partially open, the contained fluid can then be poured through the neck 13, either in a cup or directly in the consumer's mouth without risking injury to the latter.
- the presence of the member 14 forming a shutter of the cavity 6 prevents the introduction of impurities on the opening panel.
- the member 14 forming a plug can be removably fixed again on the neck 13.
- the member 14 can advantageously include a seal known per se, not shown, for example with a lip or an O-ring, to ensure sealing between the neck 13 and the member 14.
- Such an arrangement has the advantage of allowing the transport of a partially emptied box without risk of accidental spillage.
- FIG. 8 a variant is schematically represented in which the side walls 16 and 18 extend entirely outside the box from the cover 4.
- the neck 13 has at its end remote from the cover 4 a rib 54 around which the member 14 is rotatably mounted and removably fixed by means of a groove 56.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 a third embodiment of a container according to the invention is shown, in which the opening is obtained by a rotation of the member 14 of an amplitude half as small as in the second embodiment already described.
- the opening panel 78 is formed of two flat half-walls 80 and 82, symmetrical with respect to a axial plane P of the cavity 6 (see FIG. 10). Each half-wall 80 or 82 forms the predetermined angle ⁇ already defined, with said plane of symmetry.
- the line of least resistance is defined by first and second curves of least resistance 84 and 86 symmetrical with respect to the axis Y-Y of the cavity 6.
- connection zone between the panel 78 and the cylindrical wall 18 of the cavity 6 has first and second connection zones 88 and 90.
- FIG. 10 it can be seen that starting from a point A of the cylindrical wall 18 situated in an axial plane Q perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P, and turning in the direction of the arrow D, successively extends the first curve 84 of less resistance, the first connection zone 88, the second curve 86 of less resistance, the second connection zone 90.
- one of the connecting zones 88 or 90 can be provided with an incision.
- connection zone 88 and 90 extends over approximately 45 °.
- the half-wall part 80 farthest from the opening 26 is located in the immediate vicinity of point A, while the symmetrical part of the half-wall 82 is located near point B which is symmetrical with A with respect to the plane P .
- the opening means comprise first and second flat end faces with bevels 92 and 94 respectively, each making the angle ⁇ previously indicated, smaller, with the plane P that the angle ⁇ .
- the innermost part of the cavity of the first plane face 92 is located near point A and the symmetrical part of the second plane face 94 is located near point B (see Figure 10 ).
- Each curve of least resistance 84 or 86 extends over approximately 135 °, this value being able to be easily modified by a person skilled in the art.
- the edge of the first planar face 92 breaks the first curve of least resistance 84 and flaps towards the inside of the box first of all the part of the half-wall 80 located near said first curve 84, then the part of the half-wall 82 located near said first curve 84, and finally comes into contact with the first connection zone 88 which resists action of the opening means, axially displaces the latter towards the outside of the box and releases the member 14 from the neck 13.
- the second planar face 94 acts simultaneously and in the same way on the second curve 86 and the second connection zone 90.
- a box according to the invention is thus obtained, the cover of which is partially open by a 180 ° rotation of the opening member and having the same advantages as the box described with regard to the second embodiment, the opening of which is obtained by a 360 ° rotation of the member 14.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9112574A FR2682358B1 (fr) | 1991-10-11 | 1991-10-11 | Recipient metallique a ouverture partielle par rupture d'une ligne de moindre resistance. |
FR9112574 | 1991-10-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0538094A1 EP0538094A1 (fr) | 1993-04-21 |
EP0538094B1 true EP0538094B1 (fr) | 1996-01-10 |
Family
ID=9417844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92402714A Expired - Lifetime EP0538094B1 (fr) | 1991-10-11 | 1992-10-05 | Récipient métallique à ouverture partielle par rupture d'une ligne de moindre résistance |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5292025A (da) |
EP (1) | EP0538094B1 (da) |
JP (1) | JPH05305944A (da) |
AT (1) | ATE132830T1 (da) |
CA (1) | CA2079979A1 (da) |
DE (1) | DE69207543T2 (da) |
DK (1) | DK0538094T3 (da) |
ES (1) | ES2082410T3 (da) |
FR (1) | FR2682358B1 (da) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002051711A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Visy Packaging Pty Ltd | An improved closure, capsule and dispensing system |
EP1686066A1 (de) | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-02 | Ball Packaging Europe GmbH | Wiederverschließbare Dose und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69603481T2 (de) * | 1995-06-05 | 2000-03-30 | Elopak Systems Ag, Glattbrugg | Ausgiessvorrichtung |
WO1997024264A2 (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-07-10 | Advanced Liquid Packaging Company | Beverage can with replaceable cap and packaging |
US5992668A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-11-30 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Sealed dispensing closure with a sealed penetrator |
US5797506A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-08-25 | Amway Corporation | Closure with seal opening member |
WO1999010242A1 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-04 | Ball Corporation | Resealable closure on seamed can end |
JP3024089B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-09 | 2000-03-21 | 株式会社ファンケル | 容器の密閉式キャップ構造 |
US5927549A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-07-27 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with frangible membrane for separating two products |
US6045004A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-04-04 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with dispensing valve and barrier penetrator |
US5853109A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1998-12-29 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with displaceable penetrator and bistable cover actuator |
US6003728A (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 1999-12-21 | Aptargroup, Inc. | Dispensing structure with an openable member for separating two products |
DE19957253A1 (de) * | 1999-11-27 | 2001-05-31 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Kraftstoffbehälter |
DE10202147A1 (de) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-09-18 | Birkmayer Gesundheitsprodukte | Kunststoff-Flaschenverschluss |
WO2003082687A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-09 | Ball Corporation | Beverage can end with a straw opening end |
US20040007587A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | Westphal Scott K. | Membrane piercing closure |
US20040026422A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-02-12 | Technology Center | Membrane penetrating closure with deformable top surface |
US7427005B1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2008-09-23 | Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. | Dispensing closure, package and method of assembly with film seal piercing |
NZ546837A (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2008-08-29 | Portola Packaging Inc | Twist-open closure having inclined frangible membrane |
US8070014B2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2011-12-06 | Seaquist Closures L.L.C. | Liner piercing twist closure |
SE531748C2 (sv) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-07-28 | Piren Venture Ab | Återförslutbar förpackning |
US7874420B2 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2011-01-25 | Darren Coon | Affixable dispensing capsule |
US9637269B1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2017-05-02 | Daniel A. Zabaleta | Resealable container lid and accessories including methods of manufacturing and use |
USD1033215S1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2024-07-02 | Daniel A. Zabaleta | Container lid comprising frustum shaped sidewall and seaming chuck receiving radius |
US8844761B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-09-30 | Daniel A. Zabaleta | Resealable beverage containers and methods of making same |
USD795693S1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2017-08-29 | Daniel A Zabeleta | Axially oriented peripheral sidewalled beverage container lid |
USD828753S1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-09-18 | Daniel A Zabaleta | Axially oriented peripheral sidewalled beverage container lid |
US10968010B1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2021-04-06 | Daniel A Zabaleta | Resealable container lid and accessories including methods of manufacture and use |
USD1033216S1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2024-07-02 | Daniel A. Zabaleta | Container cap having frustum shaped sidewall segment enabling nesting |
US8985371B2 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2015-03-24 | Daniel A. Zabaleta | Resealable beverage containers and methods of making same |
RS54654B1 (en) * | 2012-08-12 | 2016-08-31 | Bevaswiss Ag | FILLING LOCK WITH OXYGEN PREVENTION WITH PRESSURE BUTTON FOR ACTIVATION |
CN108357778B (zh) * | 2017-01-26 | 2021-12-28 | 本诺瓦公司 | 将产品分配在容器中的盒 |
CN106864983B (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-23 | 郑成恩 | 一种自动解封瓶口覆膜的瓶盖 |
US11505376B2 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2022-11-22 | Gary L. Sharpe | Tamper-evident device |
US11767152B2 (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2023-09-26 | Iv Thought Products And Design Corp. | Re-sealing vacuum package receptacle |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2732017A (en) * | 1956-01-24 | Fire extinguisher for auto tires | ||
US3187918A (en) * | 1963-01-28 | 1965-06-08 | William R Moore | Container and dispenser for baby formula |
CH446092A (de) * | 1964-09-22 | 1967-10-31 | Dohse Hans | Ausgiessverschluss aus Kunststoff |
US3924777A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1975-12-09 | Continental Can Co | Non-detachable easy open flap and tab assembly |
CA1027498A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1978-03-07 | Continental Can Company | Non-detachable easy open flap and tab assembly |
US4076147A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1978-02-28 | Schmit Justin M | Liquid container having a plastic film pouch and a piercing element to open the plastic film pouch |
US4133319A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1979-01-09 | Bloomfield Ellis L | Can supported ashtray |
US4678098A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-07-07 | Yasuo Oka | Fastening structure of tube and car assembly |
JPH0439140Y2 (da) * | 1987-03-04 | 1992-09-14 |
-
1991
- 1991-10-11 FR FR9112574A patent/FR2682358B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-10-05 ES ES92402714T patent/ES2082410T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-05 DK DK92402714.7T patent/DK0538094T3/da active
- 1992-10-05 EP EP92402714A patent/EP0538094B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-05 DE DE69207543T patent/DE69207543T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-05 AT AT92402714T patent/ATE132830T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-06 CA CA002079979A patent/CA2079979A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-08 US US07/957,780 patent/US5292025A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-12 JP JP4273080A patent/JPH05305944A/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002051711A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Visy Packaging Pty Ltd | An improved closure, capsule and dispensing system |
EP1686066A1 (de) | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-02 | Ball Packaging Europe GmbH | Wiederverschließbare Dose und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69207543T2 (de) | 1996-07-04 |
EP0538094A1 (fr) | 1993-04-21 |
DK0538094T3 (da) | 1996-06-03 |
US5292025A (en) | 1994-03-08 |
JPH05305944A (ja) | 1993-11-19 |
FR2682358A1 (fr) | 1993-04-16 |
FR2682358B1 (fr) | 1995-01-27 |
CA2079979A1 (fr) | 1993-04-12 |
ES2082410T3 (es) | 1996-03-16 |
ATE132830T1 (de) | 1996-01-15 |
DE69207543D1 (de) | 1996-02-22 |
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