EP0526315A1 - Pyrotechnisch getriebener elektrischer Schalter - Google Patents

Pyrotechnisch getriebener elektrischer Schalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0526315A1
EP0526315A1 EP92402144A EP92402144A EP0526315A1 EP 0526315 A1 EP0526315 A1 EP 0526315A1 EP 92402144 A EP92402144 A EP 92402144A EP 92402144 A EP92402144 A EP 92402144A EP 0526315 A1 EP0526315 A1 EP 0526315A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contactor
housing
base
contacts
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92402144A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0526315B1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Duplaix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0526315A1 publication Critical patent/EP0526315A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0526315B1 publication Critical patent/EP0526315B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of electrical contactors with pyrotechnic control.
  • Such contactors are used, for example, to ignite an explosive charge in a military warhead or in emergency opening systems for aircraft doors.
  • Patent US4339638 describes a contactor in which a piston is moved by the action of the pressure of the gases supplied by a pyrotechnic composition. This piston pushes a contactor block which makes a certain number of electrical connections between plugs. The contactor block is immobilized in the disconnected position by a flange which is sheared by the push of the piston.
  • Such a contactor has a number of drawbacks.
  • the shearing of the flange, the displacement of the two moving parts and the establishment of the contacts by the deformation of the conductive parts requires significant efforts therefore a non-negligible mass of pyrotechnic composition.
  • Such a contactor is therefore absolutely not suitable for use in munitions, for example to carry out the initiation of a military head with a response time of the order of a microsecond and a reliability of the order of 99%, and this in the temperature range -50 °, + 60 °.
  • Patent DE2755322 describes an electrical contactor in which the gases generated by the combustion of a pyrotechnic composition cause the displacement of a piston to bring it into contact with a stop.
  • the stop is electrically connected to a first electrical conductor and the body of the first piston is itself connected to a second conductor via the casing of the contactor.
  • the piston is immobilized in its rest position by a pin which is sheared during the increase in pressure and it is then immobilized in its position of contact with the stop by the deformation under the effect of the gas pressure of a cup which surrounds the pyrotechnic composition and moves so as to push the piston.
  • Such a contactor also requires a large mass of pyrotechnic composition to on the one hand shear the pin and on the other hand to move the piston and the cup.
  • the quality of the contact can be random since it is dependent both on the quality of the contact of the cup with the piston and that of the contact between the piston and the stop.
  • Utility models DE-U-7802837 and DE-U-7802836 describe switches with pyrotechnic control in which the pressure generated by a gas-generating composition pushes a conductive plate through a ring having a conical bearing.
  • the pressure of the gases deforms the plate which thus adopts a concave profile which allows it to make electrical contact between two conductors carried by the housing.
  • the friction of the periphery of the plate on the conical surface of the ring ensures an elastic holding of the plate in contact with the conductors.
  • Such a type of contactor also requires a large mass of pyrotechnic composition to move and deform the plate.
  • the quality of the electrical contact obtained depends on the rigidity of the wedging of the plate on the conical surface of the ring and on the mechanical characteristics of the material constituting the plate.
  • Such a contactor therefore does not have a sufficient degree of reliability.
  • the subject of the invention is an electrical contactor with pyrotechnic control and comprising a box inside which a pyrotechnic composition is arranged as well as at least two contacts, contactor characterized in that the composition is of the primary type and in that the contactor comprises a relatively thin sheet and comprising at least one conductive part, a sheet arranged in the vicinity of the pyrotechnic composition and held by a washer at a distance and directly facing the contacts so that it can be projected onto the contacts during igniting the pyrotechnic composition.
  • the contacts are carried by the same flat surface disposed opposite the conductive sheet and parallel to the latter.
  • the contacts are carried by a base comprising at least one peripheral electrode and a central electrode separated by an insulating material, the latter possibly being glass.
  • the pyrotechnic composition is placed in a cell, the bottom of which is closed by a spangle in contact with the conductive sheet.
  • the contactor comprises a conductive housing inside which the base is disposed, the housing having an opening allowing the passage of the central electrode of the base and a peripheral electrode of the base being in electrical contact with an internal surface of the housing.
  • the conductive sheet can be kept away from the base by a washer.
  • the cell is maintained in contact with the conductive sheet by a tubular support made integral with the housing by a connecting means.
  • the pyrotechnic composition may be lead azide and the conductive sheet may be a copper sheet with a thickness between 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
  • an electrical contactor 1 pyrotechnic control comprises a housing 2, substantially cylindrical and made of a conductive material, for example steel.
  • This housing has an internal cylindrical housing 3 which ends in a wall 4 in which an opening 5 is arranged.
  • a base 6 is arranged inside the housing 3 and is on the one hand bearing on the wall 4 and on the other hand in contact with the internal surface of the housing 3.
  • the base comprises a central electrode 7 and a peripheral electrode 8, which here has the shape of a cylindrical crown. These two elements are made of conductive materials and are separated by a ring of insulating material 9.
  • a base 6 will be adopted consisting of central 7 and peripheral 8 electrodes made of stainless steel and separated by glass.
  • Such glass / metal bases are commonly used for the production of pyrotechnic components such as primers.
  • the base by a mechanical assembly of the conductive elements (7, 8) and insulator 9 for example by gluing or molding.
  • the base has a flat surface 21 oriented towards the inside of the housing 2, and at which the electrodes are visible and have contact surfaces.
  • the central electrode 7 leaves the housing through the opening 5 and the peripheral electrode 8 is in electrical contact with the material of the housing 2.
  • a washer 16 whose external diameter is substantially equal to that of the housing 3 of the housing 2 and whose internal diameter is greater than the external diameter of the insulating ring 9 comes to bear on the flat surface 21.
  • the washer may or may not be conductive.
  • a conductive sheet 15 for example a copper sheet 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm thick, is placed directly opposite the apparent contact surfaces on the planar surface 21 and it is kept at a distance from the latter by the washer 16.
  • This sheet is in contact with a cell 10 made for example of stainless steel and which contains a small amount, of the order of a few milligrams, of a primary pyrotechnic composition 13 constituted for example by lead azide.
  • the cell 10 has an opening 11 closed by a spangle 12, for example made of tin, a few tenths of a mm thick.
  • the pyrotechnic composition 13 is slightly compressed (at 100 MPa for example) inside the envelope 10 and the tin straw 12 thus substantially matches the profile of the opening 11 and is in contact with the conductive sheet 15 after mounting the cell 10 in the housing 2.
  • a sheet of paper 14 is placed and glued to the primary composition and thus ensures maintenance of the composition.
  • a tubular support 17 has a shoulder 22 on which bears the open end of the cell 10, thus the support 17 keeps the cell 10 in contact with the conductive sheet 15.
  • the support 17 also keeps the conductive sheet 15 in contact with the washer 16.
  • the support 17 has a front portion 18 of diameter smaller than that of the housing 3 of the housing 2 and a rear portion 19 of diameter slightly greater than that of this housing 3. Thus the support 17 is force fitted in the housing of the housing 2, this difference in diameter constituting the relative connection means between these two elements.
  • the electrical contactor 1 therefore has at one of its ends two electrical contacts which are the external surface of the housing 2 and the central electrode 7 and at the other end a mouth 20 communicating with a cavity 23.
  • the outer surface of the housing and the central electrode are intended to be connected to an electrical circuit (not shown), for example firing a primer in a military head.
  • the connection means with the circuit are of known type, for example welding. To make these connections, it will also be possible to provide threads on the central electrode 7 and / or on the external surface of the housing 2.
  • the cavity 23 is intended to receive a means for initiating the pyrotechnic composition 13.
  • a possible initiation means is constituted by a cord 24 for detonation wave transmission of the Nonel type (registered trademark), such cords are constituted by a plastic tube which bears on its surface. internal cylindrical a small amount of primary pyrotechnic composition.
  • Such tubes allow the transmission of a detonation wave from one end to the other without generating destructive effects in radial directions.
  • the positioning of the cord is facilitated by the presence of a chamfer 25 at the mouth 20.
  • the cord is pressed into the cavity 23 until it comes into contact with the insulating paper 14.
  • the wall 26 of the tubular support 17 has a slight taper which achieves a slight deformation of the wall of the cord and thus ensures the relative maintenance of the cord and the contactor.
  • the cord carries at its other end an initiation device known per se and which is constituted for example by a detonator primer 27 with electrical initiation.
  • This primer comprises in known manner a cell 32 of conductive material (such as steel) in which is disposed a primary composition 31 (such as lead azide).
  • the composition 31 is in contact with a filament (not shown here) and which creates a resistive bridge between two conductors 28 and 29 separated by an insulator 30.
  • the operation of the device is as follows:
  • the cord 24 is initiated by means of the primer 27.
  • the detonation wave arrives at the level of the pyrotechnic composition 13
  • the latter is initiated in turn and it projects the conductive sheet 15 on the flat surface 21 of the base 6.
  • the sheet 15 then covers the contact surfaces of the electrodes 7 and 8 and thus makes an electrical connection between the central electrode 7 and the peripheral electrode 8.
  • the sheet 15 is cut out during its projection at its contact surface with the washer 16.
  • the sheet 15 is of reduced thickness (from 0.2 to 0.5 mm), the energy required to cut it and project it onto the contacts is reduced and it is not necessary to provide a large mass of pyrotechnic composition.
  • the contactor When the contactor is placed in a projectile, its resistance to firing constraints is also excellent, the conductive sheet being wedged between the washer 16 and the cell 10 and having negligible inertia.
  • the contactor according to the invention makes it possible to close the contact between the electrodes permanently, in fact the violence of the projection causes a partial melting of the conductive sheet which then becomes completely integral with the base 6 and the contact surfaces of the electrodes which are flush with the flat surface 21 of the base.
  • the flat surface 21 is thus practically metallized.
  • the electrodes can be rectangular or else cylindrical sections. In all cases, the electrodes will have contact surfaces located on the flat surface of the base, surfaces intended to receive the metal foil 15.
  • Figure 3 shows in axial section a base 6 which is constituted by a central electrode 7 and two peripheral electrodes 8a and 8b which both have forms of cylindrical crowns.
  • the different electrodes are separated by rings of insulating material 9a and 9b.
  • the base 6 has a flat surface 21.
  • the peripheral electrode 8a is intended, as in the previous example, to be in contact with a conductive housing while the peripheral electrode 8b has a cylindrical extension 33 coaxial with the central electrode 7 and extending towards the rear of the base 6.
  • This extension is intended to facilitate the electrical connection of the peripheral electrode 8b to the electrical circuits into which the contactor according to the invention will be introduced.
  • the conductive sheet will be applied to the flat surface 21 and will make the electrical connection of the 3 electrodes between them.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show another variant of base 6 in which two central electrodes 7a and 7b substantially parallelepipedic and two peripheral electrodes 8a and 8b having the shape of portions of cylindrical crowns coaxial with the base, are embedded in a block of insulating material 9.
  • the insulating block 9 has at its front part a bar 34 which is substantially rectangular and oriented in an axial direction of the base. Barette 34 delimits on the front part of the base two flat surfaces 21a and 21b in which the ends of the electrodes 7a, 8a and 7b, 8b are located respectively.
  • a conductive sheet 35 which is used with the base thus described is shown in Figure 4c in front view and in Figure 4d in axial section.
  • This sheet 35 has two conductive zones 35a and 35b, for example made of copper a few tenths of a mm thick, which are integral with an insulating support 36, for example made of Mylar, a few hundredths of a mm thick.
  • the copper is deposited on the Mylar for example by vapor deposition or by bonding.
  • the sheet 35 is placed in the contactor with an angular position such that the conductive area 35a is located opposite the planar surface 21a.
  • a notch 37 in the sheet 35 and a notch 38 on the base 6 notches intended to receive a projection (not shown here) integral with the internal surface of the housing and extending in an axial direction of this latest.
  • the conductive sheet 35 will be applied to the flat surfaces 21a and 21b.
  • the dimensions of the conductive zones 35a and 35b are chosen so that contact is established between the electrodes 7a and 8a on the one hand and 7b and 8b on the other hand without there being any relative connection between the contacts 7a and 7b .
  • Such a variant therefore makes it possible, from a single pyrotechnic command, to make two separate electrical connections.
EP92402144A 1991-07-25 1992-07-24 Pyrotechnisch getriebener elektrischer Schalter Expired - Lifetime EP0526315B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9109456A FR2679697B1 (fr) 1991-07-25 1991-07-25 Contacteur electrique a commande pyrotechnique.
FR9109456 1991-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0526315A1 true EP0526315A1 (de) 1993-02-03
EP0526315B1 EP0526315B1 (de) 1994-11-30

Family

ID=9415550

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92402144A Expired - Lifetime EP0526315B1 (de) 1991-07-25 1992-07-24 Pyrotechnisch getriebener elektrischer Schalter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5262753A (de)
EP (1) EP0526315B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69200754T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2067310T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2679697B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5621197A (en) * 1994-06-24 1997-04-15 Temic Bayern-Chemie Airbag Gmbh Device for interrupting the flow of current in the positive or impregnated vehicle battery cable
DE10337958A1 (de) * 2003-02-04 2004-08-12 Dynamit Nobel Ais Gmbh Automotive Ignition Systems Pyromechanisches Trennelement

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2800203B1 (fr) * 1999-10-21 2001-12-14 Framatome Connectors Int Disque de contact pour plaques conductrices de barres de bus
EP1471326B1 (de) * 2003-04-26 2010-04-07 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Gasdruckschalter für eine Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung einer Munition
DE10354012B4 (de) * 2003-04-26 2005-06-30 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Gasdruckschalter für eine Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung einer Munition
US9564278B2 (en) 2014-08-14 2017-02-07 Goodrich Corporation Pyrotechnically actuated switch
US9470498B1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2016-10-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High pressure isolated latching safety switch device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932717A (en) * 1974-10-30 1976-01-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration High-explosive driven crowbar switch
DE7802836U1 (de) * 1978-02-01 1978-06-22 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Pyrotechnischer Schalter
DE7802837U1 (de) * 1978-02-01 1978-06-22 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Pyrotechnischer Schalter
DE2755322A1 (de) * 1977-12-12 1979-06-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag Elektrischer schalter mit wenigstens einem polpaar
US4339638A (en) * 1980-10-15 1982-07-13 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Electrical switch

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3248504A (en) * 1962-10-08 1966-04-26 Atlas Chem Ind Connecting switch
US3795195A (en) * 1970-01-21 1974-03-05 J Silva Electrical initiator
FR2159628A5 (de) * 1971-11-05 1973-06-22 France Etat
US4150266A (en) * 1977-01-27 1979-04-17 Networks Electronic Corp. Miniature pyrotechnic squib switch, single pole, normally open

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3932717A (en) * 1974-10-30 1976-01-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration High-explosive driven crowbar switch
DE2755322A1 (de) * 1977-12-12 1979-06-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag Elektrischer schalter mit wenigstens einem polpaar
DE7802836U1 (de) * 1978-02-01 1978-06-22 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Pyrotechnischer Schalter
DE7802837U1 (de) * 1978-02-01 1978-06-22 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Pyrotechnischer Schalter
US4339638A (en) * 1980-10-15 1982-07-13 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Electrical switch

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5621197A (en) * 1994-06-24 1997-04-15 Temic Bayern-Chemie Airbag Gmbh Device for interrupting the flow of current in the positive or impregnated vehicle battery cable
DE10337958A1 (de) * 2003-02-04 2004-08-12 Dynamit Nobel Ais Gmbh Automotive Ignition Systems Pyromechanisches Trennelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2067310T3 (es) 1995-03-16
FR2679697B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
DE69200754D1 (de) 1995-01-12
EP0526315B1 (de) 1994-11-30
FR2679697A1 (fr) 1993-01-29
US5262753A (en) 1993-11-16
DE69200754T2 (de) 1995-04-27

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