EP0519173B1 - Method for the continuous conditioning, particularly thermal conditioning of particulate material, preferably vegetable particulate material such as cereals, herbs, tobaccos and the like - Google Patents

Method for the continuous conditioning, particularly thermal conditioning of particulate material, preferably vegetable particulate material such as cereals, herbs, tobaccos and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519173B1
EP0519173B1 EP92106304A EP92106304A EP0519173B1 EP 0519173 B1 EP0519173 B1 EP 0519173B1 EP 92106304 A EP92106304 A EP 92106304A EP 92106304 A EP92106304 A EP 92106304A EP 0519173 B1 EP0519173 B1 EP 0519173B1
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Prior art keywords
process according
conditioning station
conditioning
jet
bulk material
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EP92106304A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0519173A1 (en
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Franz Dipl.-Ing. Sagemüller
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Franz Sagemueller GmbH
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Franz Sagemueller GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/04—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/26—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyors propelling materials over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for continuous conditioning, in particular thermal conditioning, such as cooling, heating, drying, damping and the like, of bulk goods, preferably vegetable bulk goods, such as cereals, herbs, tobacco or the like, in which the bulk goods along a closed tunnel-like Conditioning station leading transport track is continuously mechanically conveyed, and thereby exposed in the conditioning station to the action of an essentially gaseous heat transfer medium supplied to the conditioning station through at least one opening, which is sharply bundled as it passes the opening and through the bulk material against a ceiling of the conditioning station opposite the respective opening is emitted.
  • thermal conditioning such as cooling, heating, drying, damping and the like
  • German patent 24 02 538 for conditioning tobacco
  • steam is blown into a tunnel-like conditioning station in such a way that the tobacco is conveyed through the conditioning station in a floating manner on a cushion of steam and is thereby exposed to the action of the steam.
  • the known method has the disadvantage that an excess of steam is used to form the steam cushion is needed, which escapes into the environment as brothers.
  • the conditioning can hardly be influenced due to the excess steam. Areas remain within the bulk material to be treated which have hardly been exposed to the action of steam, while there may also be areas which have been excessively exposed to the action of the steam.
  • the heat transfer medium is displaced as a free jet through the bulk material while displacing the bulk material such that an all-round deflection of the jet is generated on the opposite ceiling that the deflected parts of the jet downward by the pumping action of the free jet and be sucked back into the effective area of the free jet and that the bulk material between the negative pressure area of the upward free jet and the positive pressure area of the downward parts of the jet in a right angle movement directed towards the free jet is compressed.
  • the compression that occurs advantageously brings about a reduction in the escape of the heat transfer medium from the conditioning station, since a compressed area of the bulk material can act like a plug closing the tunnel-like conditioning station.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that the transported bulk material can be used as a heat carrier, catalyst or active ingredient in a chemical reaction with respect to the blown-in medium.
  • An advantageous measure which has a particularly advantageous effect on the drying of bulk materials, is suctioning off the blown-in heat carriers loaded with moisture from the bulk material, dehumidifying the heat carriers and blowing them in again.
  • a compressor compressed and heated air are fed to a heat exchanger, in which cooling and dehumidification take place.
  • the dehumidified air can then be blown into the conditioning station in order to exert its effect on the bulk material.
  • the use of at least one of the walls of the conditioning station as a heat exchanger is particularly expedient because the heat released for cooling and dehumidification reaches the bulk material directly and without the supply of special external energy for its conditioning, e.g. Drying, contributes.
  • the tunnel-like conditioning station comprises a floor 1, a ceiling 2 and side walls 3 and 3 '(FIG. 2), only the side wall 3 being visible here.
  • An angle profile 4 is placed under the bottom 1.
  • the chamber 5 enclosed by the bottom 1 and the angular profile 4 can be charged with heat transfer medium.
  • the opening 6 shown here In the bottom 2 is the opening 6 shown here, which is designed as a Laval nozzle. Due to the excess pressure prevailing in the chamber 5 when the heat transfer medium is introduced, the heat transfer medium is pressed out of the opening 6.
  • Bulk material that is to be conditioned passes through the conditioning station in the channel delimiting by the floor 1, ceiling 2 and side walls 3, 3 'in the direction indicated by the arrow 7.
  • Mechanical conveyance takes place e.g. by vibratory conveying, for which purpose the entire conditioning station can be designed in the manner of a vibratory conveyor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the detail of the conditioning station according to FIG. 1 with the blanket removed. Openings 6, 6 'and 6' 'are arranged in a row transversely to the conveying direction indicated by arrow 7 through the conditioning station.
  • the free rays blown out of the openings which are directed perpendicularly out of the plane of the drawing, strike the ceiling, not shown, and are deflected radially in the direction of the arrows 10 on the ceiling.
  • the effective areas of the deflected parts of the free rays are indicated by circles 11 drawn in. Of course, the effective areas indicated by the circles 11 can also overlap.
  • a heat transfer medium heated air suitable for drying bulk goods, for example
  • the sharply focused heat transfer medium emerges from the openings 6 as a free jet 8 and, as described above, strikes the ceiling 2 of the conditioning station.
  • the free jet is blown from below through the upper run 13 of the conveyor belt designed as a sieve belt.
  • the angle profiles 4 visible under the openings 6 are again provided for the supply of the heat transfer medium.
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of the device according to FIG. 3 in the Section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3.
  • the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • Fig. 4 shows that the air supplied by the compressor after cooling and dehumidifying and passing through the condensate drain 21 passes through a second heat exchanger 23, to which heat is added and, if necessary, condensate is discharged again, so that the Air to be blown dry and heated is entered into the conditioning station.

Abstract

For continuous conditioning, particularly thermal conditioning, such as cooling, warming, drying, moistening and the like, of particulate material, preferably vegetable particulate material such as cereals, herbs, tobacco and the like, the particulate material is continuously conveyed mechanically along a conveyor belt leading through a closed, tunnel-like conditioning station and is exposed, in the conditioning station, to the influence of a substantially gaseous heat exchange medium guided to the conditioning station through at least one aperture. The heat exchange medium is tightly bundled on passing through the aperture (6, 6', 6'') and is then guided as a free jet (8) through the particulate material, forcing the particulate material aside, in such a way that deflection of the jet (8) in all directions is effected at a wall (2) of the conditioning station lying opposite the aperture. The deflected parts (10) of the jet are sucked, by the pumping action of the free jet, downwards and back into the range of action of the free jet, and the particulate material is compressed, in a movement aligned at right angles to the free jet, between the vacuum region (9) of the upward-directed free jet and the excess pressure region of the downward-directed parts of the jet. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum fortlaufenden Konditionieren, insbesondere thermischen Konditionieren, wie Kühlen, Erwärmen, Trocknen, Feuchten und dergleichen, von Schüttgütern, vorzugsweise pflanzlichen Schüttgütern, wie Getreide, Kräuter, Tabak oder dergleichen, bei dem das Schüttgut entlang einer durch eine geschlossene tunnelartige Konditionierungsstation führenden Transportbahn fortlaufend mechanisch gefördert wird, und dabei in der Konditionierungsstation der Einwirkung eines der Konditionierungsstation durch wenigstens eine Öffnung zugeführten im wesentlichen gasförmigen Wärmeträgermediums ausgesetzt wird, das beim Passieren der Öffnung scharf gebündelt und durch das Schüttgut gegen eine der jeweiligen Öffnung gegenüberliegende Decke der Konditionierungsstation abgestrahlt wird.The invention relates to a method for continuous conditioning, in particular thermal conditioning, such as cooling, heating, drying, damping and the like, of bulk goods, preferably vegetable bulk goods, such as cereals, herbs, tobacco or the like, in which the bulk goods along a closed tunnel-like Conditioning station leading transport track is continuously mechanically conveyed, and thereby exposed in the conditioning station to the action of an essentially gaseous heat transfer medium supplied to the conditioning station through at least one opening, which is sharply bundled as it passes the opening and through the bulk material against a ceiling of the conditioning station opposite the respective opening is emitted.

Bei einem nach der deutschen Patentschrift 24 02 538 bekannten Verfahren zum Konditionieren von Tabak wird in eine tunnelartige Konditionierungsstation Dampf derart eingeblasen, daß der Tabak auf einem Dampfpolster schwebend durch die Konditionierungsstation befördert wird und dabei der Einwirkung des Dampfes ausgesetzt ist. Das bekannte Verfahren hat den Nachteil, daß zur Ausbildung des Dampfpolsters ein Dampfüberschuß benötigt wird, der als Brüden in die Umgebung entweicht. Außerdem ist die Konditionierung aufgrund des Dampfüberschusses kaum beeinflußbar. Innerhalb des zu behandelnden Schüttgutes verbleiben Bereiche, die der Einwirkung von Dampf kaum ausgesetzt waren, während daneben Bereiche vorhanden sein können, die der Einwirkundg des Dampfes übermäßig ausgesetzt waren.In a method known from German patent 24 02 538 for conditioning tobacco, steam is blown into a tunnel-like conditioning station in such a way that the tobacco is conveyed through the conditioning station in a floating manner on a cushion of steam and is thereby exposed to the action of the steam. The known method has the disadvantage that an excess of steam is used to form the steam cushion is needed, which escapes into the environment as brothers. In addition, the conditioning can hardly be influenced due to the excess steam. Areas remain within the bulk material to be treated which have hardly been exposed to the action of steam, while there may also be areas which have been excessively exposed to the action of the steam.

In der DE-OS 37 02 768 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Trocknen loster Schüttmengen feingeschnittener Pflanzenteile, insbesondere Tabak, beschrieben, bei der Öffnungen das zugeführte Wärmeträgermedium scharf bündeln, um es nach der Abstrahlung gegen Meßfühler lenken zu können. Die von den Meßfühlern abrufbaren Meßwerte erlauben Rückschlüsse auf den Trocknungsprozeß, der damit entsprechend beeinflußbar wird. Allerdings ist es dazu erforderlich, den Abstand zwischen den abstrahlenden Öffnungen und den jeweils zugeordneten Meßfühlern so gering wie möglich zu gestalten, damit kurze, und somit noch eindeutig definierbare Strömungswege gegeben sind. Zwangsläufig ergibt sich daraus eine flache Bauweise der tunnelartigen Vorrichtung, die zu unerwünschter Verminderung des Schüttgutdurchsatzes führt.DE-OS 37 02 768 describes a device for drying loose bulk amounts of finely cut plant parts, in particular tobacco, in which openings sharply bundle the supplied heat transfer medium in order to be able to direct it against sensors after the radiation. The measured values that can be called up by the sensors allow conclusions to be drawn about the drying process, which can thus be influenced accordingly. However, it is necessary to make the distance between the radiating openings and the respectively assigned sensors as small as possible so that short, and thus clearly definable flow paths are provided. This inevitably results in a flat design of the tunnel-like device, which leads to an undesirable reduction in the bulk material throughput.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Schüttgut zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve a method for conditioning bulk material.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Wärmeträgermedium unter Verdrängung des Schüttgutes als freier Strahl durch das Schüttgut derart gelenkt wird, daß an der gegenüberliegenden Decke eine allseitige Ablenkung des Strahls erzeugt wird, daß die abgelenkten Teile des Strahls durch die Pumpwirkung des freien Strahls abwärts und wieder in den Wirkungsbereich des freien Strahls gesaugt werden und daß das Schüttgut zwischen dem Unterdruckbereich des aufwärts gerichteten freien Strahls und dem Überdruckbereich der abwärts gerichteten Teile des Strahls in einer rechtwinkelig zum freien Strahl gerichteten Bewegung verdichtet wird.This object is achieved in that the heat transfer medium is displaced as a free jet through the bulk material while displacing the bulk material such that an all-round deflection of the jet is generated on the opposite ceiling that the deflected parts of the jet downward by the pumping action of the free jet and be sucked back into the effective area of the free jet and that the bulk material between the negative pressure area of the upward free jet and the positive pressure area of the downward parts of the jet in a right angle movement directed towards the free jet is compressed.

Im Wirkungsbereich des freien Strahls ist das zu konditionierende Schüttgut dem im wesentlichen gasförmigen Wärmeträgermedium in optimaler Weise ausgesetzt. Das Schüttgut wird in aufwärts, abwärts und seitlich gerichteten Bewegungen zusammen mit der überlagernden Bewegung der mechanischen Förderung intensiv durchmischt und durchwirbelt. Dabei wird das Schüttgut in die gewünschte gleichmäßige Kondition gebracht.In the effective range of the free jet, the bulk material to be conditioned is optimally exposed to the essentially gaseous heat transfer medium. The bulk material is mixed and swirled intensively in upward, downward and sideways movements together with the overlapping movement of the mechanical conveying. The bulk material is brought into the desired uniform condition.

Die eintretende Verdichtung bewirkt dabei in vorteilhafter Weise eine Verminderung des Austretens des Wärmeträgermediums aus der Konditionierungsstation, denn ein verdichteter Bereich des Schüttgutes kann wie ein die tunnelartige Konditionierungsstation verschließender Pfropfen wirken.The compression that occurs advantageously brings about a reduction in the escape of the heat transfer medium from the conditioning station, since a compressed area of the bulk material can act like a plug closing the tunnel-like conditioning station.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den in den Unteransprüchen angegebenen Merkmalen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich insbesondere auch dadurch vorteilhaft aus, daß das transportierte Schüttgut als Wärmeträger, Katalysator oder Wirkstoff einer chemischen Reaktion gegenüber dem eingeblasenen Medium eingesetzt werden kann.Further advantages result from the in the subclaims specified features. The process according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that the transported bulk material can be used as a heat carrier, catalyst or active ingredient in a chemical reaction with respect to the blown-in medium.

Eine vorteilhafte Maßnahme, die sich insbesondere bei der Trocknung von Schüttgütern vorteilhaft auswirkt, ist das Absaugen der eingeblasenen, mit Feuchte aus dem Schüttgut belasteten Wärmeträger, das Entfeuchten der Wärmeträger und erneute Einblasen. So kann z.B. mittels eines Kompressors verdichtete und dabei erwärmte Luft einem Wärmetauscher zugeführt werden, in welchem eine Abkühlung und Entfeuchtung erfolgt. Die entfeuchtete Luft kann dann in die Konditionierungsstation eingeblasen werden, um ihre Wirkung auf das Schüttgut zu entfalten. Besonders zweckmäßig ist dabei die Verwendung wenigstens einer der Wandungen der Konditionierungsstation als Wärmetauscher, weil dadurch die zur Kühlung und Entfeuchtung freigesetzte Wärme direkt an das Schüttgut gelangt und ohne Zufuhr besonderer Fremdenergie zu dessen Konditionierung, z.B. Trocknung, beiträgt.An advantageous measure, which has a particularly advantageous effect on the drying of bulk materials, is suctioning off the blown-in heat carriers loaded with moisture from the bulk material, dehumidifying the heat carriers and blowing them in again. For example, by means of a compressor compressed and heated air are fed to a heat exchanger, in which cooling and dehumidification take place. The dehumidified air can then be blown into the conditioning station in order to exert its effect on the bulk material. The use of at least one of the walls of the conditioning station as a heat exchanger is particularly expedient because the heat released for cooling and dehumidification reaches the bulk material directly and without the supply of special external energy for its conditioning, e.g. Drying, contributes.

Die im Wärmetauscher abgekühlte und somit entfeuchtete Luft kann vor der Einblasung in die Konditionierungsstation auch noch in einem zweiten Wärmetauscher wieder erwärmt werden. Dem zweiten Wärmetauscher kann z.B. durch Fremdenergie erzeugte Wärme zugeführt werden, so daß heiße und trockene Luft zur Anwendung in der Konditionierungsstation kommt. Die Luft nimmt Feuchte aus dem Schüttgut auf, wird abgesaugt und wieder dem Kompressor zugeführt, worauf nach erneuter Entfeuchtung wieder ein Einblasen erfolgt. Nach Kompression und Kühlung wird dadurch eine Kondensat-Extraktion des z.B. zu trocknenden Schüttgutes ermöglicht.The air cooled and thus dehumidified in the heat exchanger can also be reheated in a second heat exchanger before being blown into the conditioning station. The second heat exchanger can e.g. heat generated by external energy is supplied so that hot and dry air is used in the conditioning station. The air absorbs moisture from the bulk material, is sucked off and fed back to the compressor, after which it is blown in again after dehumidification. After compression and cooling, condensate extraction of e.g. allows bulk goods to be dried.

Die Zwischenerhitzung im zweiten Wärmetauscher kann auch zu- bzw. abschaltbar sein.The intermediate heating in the second heat exchanger can also be added or can be switched off.

Bei bestimmten Schüttgütern, z.B. Tabakblättern, kann eine mechanische Förderung, beispielsweise mit Schwingförderern, unerwünscht sein, weil die dabei auftretende Rüttelung zum Blattbruch führen kann. Für den Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beim Konditionieren von empfindlichem Schüttgut besonders zweckmäßig ist es, wenn als durch die Konditionierungsstation führende Transportbahn ein als Siebband, Gitterband, Lochband oder dergleichen ausgebildetes Förderband verwendetet wird. Dabei können freie Strahlen von unten durch das Siebband geblasen werden. Unter dem Siebband befindliche Hohlräume können mit Vorteil als Sammelkammern für Abluft bzw. Abdampf genutzt werden. Aus den Sammelkammern ist eine wirksame Absaugung möglich.With certain bulk goods, e.g. Tobacco leaves, mechanical conveyance, for example with vibratory conveyors, may be undesirable because the vibrations that occur can lead to leaf breakage. For the use of the method according to the invention when conditioning sensitive bulk material, it is particularly expedient if a conveyor belt designed as a sieve belt, mesh belt, perforated belt or the like is used as the transport path leading through the conditioning station. Free rays can be blown through the sieve belt from below. Cavities located under the sieve belt can be used with advantage as collection chambers for exhaust air or exhaust steam. Effective suction is possible from the collection chambers.

Dabei kann es bei der Konditionierung von z.B. Tabak, insbesondere bei bestimmten Tabakarten, wie z.B. Tabakblättern, besonders vorteilhaft sein, gegeneinander gerichtete freie Strahlen von unten und von oben gleichzeitig gegen das Siebband zu blasen, derart daß die gegeneinander gerichteten Strahlen etwa in der Ebene des Siebbandes aufeinander prallen und sich auflösen. Die auf dem Siebband liegenden Tabakblätter bleiben dadurch weitgehend ruhig auf dem Siebband liegen und werden lediglich mit dem Wärmeträgermedium intensiv in Kontakt gebracht, wodurch z.B. mechanische Beschädigungen der Blätter verhindert werden.It can be used when conditioning e.g. Tobacco, especially with certain types of tobacco, e.g. Tobacco leaves, be particularly advantageous to simultaneously blow free jets directed against each other from below and from above against the screen belt, so that the jets directed against each other collide and dissolve approximately in the plane of the screen belt. As a result, the tobacco leaves on the sieve belt remain largely still on the sieve belt and are only brought into intensive contact with the heat transfer medium, which means e.g. mechanical damage to the blades can be prevented.

Um die Oberfläche des zu konditionierenden Gutes rasch und gleichmäßig der Wirkung des Wärmeträgermediums auszusetzen, kann vorgesehen sein, daß freie Strahlen abblasende Öffnungen, hin- und herbewegt werden. Die Öffnungen, bzw. die Lavaldüsen, können dazu auf Trägerelementen angeordnet sein, die mit mechanischen Mitteln oszillierend bzw. schwingend angetrieben werden. Auch die gesamte tunnelartige Konditionierungsstation, in deren Wänden sich Öffnungen bzw. Düsen befinden, kann schwingen, während das hindurchfördernde Förderband in Ruhe bleibt.In order to expose the surface of the goods to be conditioned quickly and uniformly to the action of the heat transfer medium, it can be provided that openings that blow free jets are moved back and forth. For this purpose, the openings or the Laval nozzles can be arranged on carrier elements which are driven in an oscillating or oscillating manner by mechanical means. The entire tunnel-like conditioning station, in whose walls there are openings or nozzles, can also be used swing while the conveyor belt passing through remains at rest.

Die einzelnen Düsen, die einen Freistrahl abblasen, können z.B. in den waagerecht hohlen Holmen eines rechteckigen Rahmens angeordnet werden, der quer zum Förderband steht, wobei sich das Förderband durch den Rahmen erstreckt. Die Düsen im unteren und oberen Holm des Rahmens stehen einander gegenüber, so daß die von einem Düsenpaar abblasenden Freistrahlen etwa in der Mitte zwischen den beiden Holmen gegeneinander prallen. Dadurch wird die Freistrahlwirkung in diesem Bereich aufgehoben und kann zu konditionierendes Schüttgut auf dem als Siebband, Lochband oder dergleichen ausgebildeten Förderband liegend durch diesen Bereich gefördert werden.The individual nozzles that blow off a free jet can e.g. be arranged in the horizontally hollow spars of a rectangular frame which is transverse to the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt extending through the frame. The nozzles in the lower and upper spar of the frame face each other, so that the free jets blowing off a pair of nozzles collide against each other approximately in the middle between the two spars. As a result, the free jet effect in this area is canceled and bulk material to be conditioned can be conveyed through this area lying on the conveyor belt designed as a sieve belt, perforated belt or the like.

Mehrere Rahmen können innerhalb der Konditionierungsstation hintereinander angeordnet werden, wobei das Förderband durch die Rahmen verläuft.Several frames can be arranged one behind the other within the conditioning station, the conveyor belt running through the frames.

Entsprechende bewegliche Lagerungen der Rahmen erlauben es, die Rahmen in einer Richtung, z.B. quer zum Förderband, hin- und herzubewegen. Dazu kann eine Schwing- oder Rütteleinrichtung benutzt werden.Corresponding movable bearings of the frames allow the frames to be unidirectional, e.g. to move across the conveyor belt. A vibrating or vibrating device can be used for this.

In der Zeichnung sind Anwendungsbeispiele des Verfahrens schematisch dargestellt, aus denen sich weitere erfinderische Merkmale ergeben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Teilausschnitt einer Konditionierungsstation im Bereich einer Öffnung, aus der ein Freistrahl abgeblasen wird,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Teildraufsicht auf den Bereich einer Konditionierungsstation gemäß Fig. 1 bei nicht eingezeichneter Decke der Konditionierungsstation,
Fig. 3
einen schematischen Längsschnitt einer als Trockner konzipierten Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und
Fig. 4
eine schematische Ansicht der Vorrichtung im Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3.
In the drawing, application examples of the method are shown schematically, from which further inventive features result. Show it:
Fig. 1
a partial section of a conditioning station in the area of an opening from which a free jet is blown off,
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematic partial plan view of the area of a conditioning station according to FIG. 1 with the ceiling of the conditioning station not shown,
Fig. 3
a schematic longitudinal section of a as a dryer designed device for performing the method and
Fig. 4
3 shows a schematic view of the device in section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Teilausschnitt einer tunnelartigen Konditionierungsstation. Die tunnelartige Konditionierungsstation umfaßt einen Boden 1, eine Decke 2 sowie Seitenwandungen 3 und 3' (Fig. 2), wobei hier lediglich die Seitenwand 3 sichtbar ist. Unter den Boden 1 ist ein Winkelprofil 4 gesetzt. Die vom Boden 1 und Winkelprofil 4 umschlossene Kammer 5 kann mit Wärmeträgermedium beschickt werden. Im Boden 2 befindet sich die hier dargestellte Öffnung 6, die als Lavaldüse ausgebildet ist. Durch den in der Kammer 5 bei Einleitung des Wärmeträgermediums herrschenden Überdruck wird das Wärmeträgermedium aus der Öffnung 6 gedrückt. Schüttgut, das zu konditionieren ist, durchläuft die Konditionierungsstation in dem durch den Boden 1, Decke 2 und Seitenwände 3, 3' begrenzenden Kanal in der durch den Pfeil 7 angedeuteten Richtung. Dabei erfolgt die mechanische Förderung z.B. durch Schwingförderung, wozu die gesamte Konditionierungsstation nach Art eines Schwingförderers ausgebildet sein kann.1 shows a partial section of a tunnel-like conditioning station. The tunnel-like conditioning station comprises a floor 1, a ceiling 2 and side walls 3 and 3 '(FIG. 2), only the side wall 3 being visible here. An angle profile 4 is placed under the bottom 1. The chamber 5 enclosed by the bottom 1 and the angular profile 4 can be charged with heat transfer medium. In the bottom 2 is the opening 6 shown here, which is designed as a Laval nozzle. Due to the excess pressure prevailing in the chamber 5 when the heat transfer medium is introduced, the heat transfer medium is pressed out of the opening 6. Bulk material that is to be conditioned passes through the conditioning station in the channel delimiting by the floor 1, ceiling 2 and side walls 3, 3 'in the direction indicated by the arrow 7. Mechanical conveyance takes place e.g. by vibratory conveying, for which purpose the entire conditioning station can be designed in the manner of a vibratory conveyor.

Beim Passieren der Öffnung 6 wird das Wäremeträgermedium scharf gebündelt und sodann unter Verdrängung des Schüttgutes als freier Strahl 8 durch das Schüttgut derart gelenkt, daß an der der Öffnung 6 gegenüberliegenden Decke 2 der Konditionierungsstation eine allseitige Ablenkung des Strahls 8 erzeugt wird. Die abgelenkten Teile des Strahls werden durch die Pumpwirkung des freien Strahls abwärts und wieder in den Wirkungsbereich des freien Strahls gesaugt, wie es durch eingezeichnete gestrichelte Pfeile angedeutet ist. Dabei wird das Schüttgut zwischen dem Unterdruckbereich 9 des aufwärts gerichteten freien Strahls 8 und dem Überdruckbereich der abwärts gerichteten Teile des Strahls 8 in einer rechtwinklig zum freien Strahl 8 gerichteten Bewegung verdichtet und gleichzeitig intensiv mit dem Wärmeträgermedium in Kontakt gebracht.When passing through the opening 6, the heat transfer medium is sharply bundled and then directed as a free jet 8 through the bulk material, displacing the bulk material in such a way that an all-round deflection of the jet 8 is generated on the ceiling 2 of the conditioning station opposite the opening 6. The deflected parts of the jet are sucked down and back into the effective area of the free jet by the pumping action of the free jet, as indicated by the dashed arrows. The bulk material between the negative pressure area 9 of the upward free jet 8 and the overpressure area of the downward parts of the jet 8 is at right angles to the free jet 8 directional movement compressed and at the same time brought into intensive contact with the heat transfer medium.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf den Ausschnitt der Konditionierungsstation gemäß Fig. 1 bei abgenommener Decke. Quer zur durch den Pfeil 7 angedeuteten Förderrichtung durch die Konditionierungsstation sind Öffnungen 6,6' und 6'' in einer Reihe angeordnet. Die aus den Öffnungen geblasenen freien Strahlen, die lotrecht aus der Zeichnungsebene heraus gerichtet sind, prallen an die nicht gezeichnete Decke und werden radial in Richtung der Pfeile 10 an der Decke abgelenkt. Die Wirkbereiche der abgelenkten Teile der freien Strahlen sind durch eingezeichnete Kreise 11 angedeutet. Selbstverständlich können sich die durch die Kreise 11 angedeuteten Wirkbereiche auch überlappen.FIG. 2 shows a top view of the detail of the conditioning station according to FIG. 1 with the blanket removed. Openings 6, 6 'and 6' 'are arranged in a row transversely to the conveying direction indicated by arrow 7 through the conditioning station. The free rays blown out of the openings, which are directed perpendicularly out of the plane of the drawing, strike the ceiling, not shown, and are deflected radially in the direction of the arrows 10 on the ceiling. The effective areas of the deflected parts of the free rays are indicated by circles 11 drawn in. Of course, the effective areas indicated by the circles 11 can also overlap.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung zum Konditionieren von Schüttgut. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Schüttgut der Konditionierungsstation über einen Schacht 12 zugeführt. Die Konditionierungsstation ist tunnelartig ausgebildet und wird oben durch eine Decke 2 begrenzt sowie durch Seitenwände 3 und einen durch ein eingelegtes Bodenblech 1' gebildeten Boden. Über dem Bodenblech 1' verläuft ein oberes Trum 13 eines als Siebband ausgebildeten Förderbandes, das über die endseitigen Umlenkrollen 14 und 14' gelenkt und angetrieben wird. Mit 15 und 15' sind Stützrollen für das obere Trum 13 bzw. untere Trum des Förderbandes bezeichnet. Das durch den Schacht 12 eingegebene Schüttgut wird vom oberen Trum 13 des Förderbandes durch die Konditionierungsstation gefördert und am Ende der Konditionierungsstation in endbehandeltem Zustand auf eine nicht weiter dargestellte Abführeinrichtung 16 gegeben.3 shows a schematic side view of a device for conditioning bulk material. In this exemplary embodiment, the bulk material is fed to the conditioning station via a shaft 12. The conditioning station is tunnel-like and is delimited at the top by a ceiling 2 and by side walls 3 and a floor formed by an inserted floor plate 1 '. Above the bottom plate 1 'runs an upper run 13 of a conveyor belt designed as a sieve belt, which is steered and driven via the end deflection rollers 14 and 14'. With 15 and 15 'support rollers for the upper run 13 and lower run of the conveyor belt are designated. The bulk material entered through the shaft 12 is conveyed from the upper run 13 of the conveyor belt through the conditioning station and, at the end of the conditioning station in the finished condition, is passed to a discharge device 16 (not shown).

Über die Länge der tunnelartigen Konditionierungsstation verteilt sind drei Reihen von Öffnungen 6, durch die ein Wärmeträgermedium, z.B. zum Trocknen von Schüttgut geeignete erhitzte Luft, eingeblasen werden kann. Aus den Öffnungen 6 tritt das scharf gebündelte Wärmeträgermedium als freier Strahl 8 aus und prallt, wie vorbeschrieben, gegen die Decke 2 der Konditionierungsstation. Dabei wird der freie Strahl von unten durch das obere Trum 13 des als Siebband ausgebildeten Förderbandes geblasen. Für die Zuführung des Wärmeträgermediums sind wieder die unter den Öffnungen 6 sichtbaren Winkelprofile 4 vorgesehen.Spread over the length of the tunnel-like conditioning station are three rows of openings 6 through which a heat transfer medium, heated air suitable for drying bulk goods, for example, can be blown in. The sharply focused heat transfer medium emerges from the openings 6 as a free jet 8 and, as described above, strikes the ceiling 2 of the conditioning station. The free jet is blown from below through the upper run 13 of the conveyor belt designed as a sieve belt. The angle profiles 4 visible under the openings 6 are again provided for the supply of the heat transfer medium.

Das Bodenblech 1' ist im Bereich zwischen zwei Öffnungen 6, wie hier dargestellt, nach unten abgewinkelt, wodurch eine Sammelkammer 17 ausgebildet ist. In jede Sammelkammer 17 mündet ein Ansaugrohr 18 einer nicht weiter dargestellten Ansaugeinrichtung, über die Luft aus der Konditionierungsstation, und damit auch aus dem Schüttgut, angesaugt werden kann. Die angesaugte Luft wird über die Abluftleitung 19 einem nicht weiter dargestellten Kompressor zugeführt. Vom Kompressor wird die abgesaugte Luft verdichtet und dabei erwärmt. Die erwärmte Luft wird vom Kompressor über eine Zuleitung 20 (Fig. 4) einem Wärmetauscher zugeführt. Im Wärmetauscher wird die Luft entfeuchtet. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Wärmetauscher durch in der Decke 2 der Konditionierungsstation befindliche Taschen 22 gebildet. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß Wärme an das zu konditionierende Schüttgut abgegeben wird und gleichzeitig die zugeführte Luft gekühlt und entfeuchtet wird. Die freigesetzte Feuchtigkeit kann über einen Kondensatableiter 21 (Fig. 4) abgeführt werden. Die entfeuchte Luft wird den Kammern 5 unter den Öffnungen 6 zugeführt und tritt wieder als scharf gebündelter freier Strahl 8 durch die Öffnungen 6 in die Konditionierungsstation ein, um mit dem Schüttgut in intensiven Kontakt zu kommen. Dabei nimmt die Luft wieder Feuchte aus dem Schüttgut auf, das dadurch getrocknet wird.The bottom plate 1 'is angled downward in the region between two openings 6, as shown here, as a result of which a collecting chamber 17 is formed. A suction pipe 18 of a suction device, not shown, opens into each collecting chamber 17, via which air can be sucked in from the conditioning station, and thus also from the bulk material. The sucked-in air is fed via the exhaust air line 19 to a compressor (not shown further). The extracted air is compressed by the compressor and heated in the process. The heated air is fed from the compressor to a heat exchanger via a feed line 20 (FIG. 4). The air is dehumidified in the heat exchanger. In this exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger is formed by pockets 22 located in the ceiling 2 of the conditioning station. This ensures that heat is given off to the bulk material to be conditioned and at the same time the supplied air is cooled and dehumidified. The released moisture can be removed via a condensate drain 21 (FIG. 4). The dehumidified air is fed into the chambers 5 under the openings 6 and again enters the conditioning station as a sharply focused free jet 8 through the openings 6 in order to come into intensive contact with the bulk material. The air again absorbs moisture from the bulk material, which is thereby dried.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 im Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3. Gleiche Bauteile sind mit gleichen Bezugszahlen bezeichnet.FIG. 4 shows a view of the device according to FIG. 3 in the Section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Fig. 4 läßt erkennen, daß die vom Kompressor zugeführte Luft nach der Abkühlung und Entfeuchtung und Passieren des Kondensatableiters 21 noch einen zweiten Wärmetauscher 23 passiert, dem Wärme zugeführt wird und gegebenenfalls noch einmal Kondensat abgeleitet wird, so daß die zu den Öffnungen 6 gelangende, einzublasende Luft trocken und erhitzt in die Konditionierungsstation eingegeben wird.Fig. 4 shows that the air supplied by the compressor after cooling and dehumidifying and passing through the condensate drain 21 passes through a second heat exchanger 23, to which heat is added and, if necessary, condensate is discharged again, so that the Air to be blown dry and heated is entered into the conditioning station.

Claims (21)

  1. A process for the continuous conditioning, in particular thermal conditioning, such as cooling, heating, drying, moistening and the like, of bulk material, preferably vegetable bulk material, such as cereals, herbs, tobacco or the like, in which the bulk material is continuously conveyed mechanically along a conveying path leading through a closed tunnel-like conditioning station, and in the conditioning station is subjected to the action of a substantially gaseous heat-carrier medium which is supplied to the conditioning station through at leading one opening (6, 6', 6'') and which while passing the opening (6, 6', 6'') is sharply bunched and is radiated through the bulk material towards a top (2) of the conditioning station situated opposite the respective opening (6, 6', 6''), characterized in that during the displacement of the bulk material the heat-carrier medium is deflected as a free jet (8) through the bulk material in such a way that a deflexion of the jet (8) on all sides takes place on the opposite top (2), the deflected parts (10) of the jet (8) are drawn downwards and back into the operative area of the free jet (8) by the pumping action of the free jet (8), and the bulk material is compressed in a movement directed at right angles to the free jet (8) between the underpressure region (9) of the upwardly directed free jet (8) and the overpressure region of the downwardly directed parts of the jet (8).
  2. A process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bulk material is conveyed through at least one screen of jets formed inside the conditioning station by a plurality of free jets (6, 6', 6'') and ending transversely to the conveying [direction] (7).
  3. A process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the distance between two openings (6) following in the conveying direction (7) is selected in such a way that the compression areas are formed between the free jets of the said openings (6) with an appropriate bulk material and selected pressure.
  4. A process according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that where there are a plurality of openings (6, 6', 6'') the heat-carrier medium is supplied to pre-determined openings (6, 6', 6'') by switching on and off.
  5. A process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that where there are a plurality of openings (6, 6', 6'') arranged in rows the heat-carrier medium is supplied to pre-determined rows by switching on and off.
  6. A process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that where there are a plurality of openings (6, 6', 6'') arranged in compartments the heat-carrier medium is supplied to pre-determined compartments by switching on and off.
  7. A process according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that steam is used as the heat-carrier medium.
  8. A process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that air is used as the heat-carrier medium.
  9. A process according to Claim 8, characterized in that air compressed by means of a compressor and thus heated is supplied to a heat-exchanger (22), the air is cooled and de-humidified in the heat-exchanger (22), and the de-humidified air is supplied to the conditioning station and is brought into contact with the bulk material as free jets (8).
  10. A process according to Claim 9, characterized in that the de-humidified air is heated again by means of a second heat-exchanger (23) before being introduced in the conditioning station.
  11. A process according to Claim 9 and/or 10, characterized in that the air is drawn off from the conditioning station and is supplied again to the compressor.
  12. A process according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the walls (1, 2, 3, 3') of the conditioning station are used as heat-exchange surfaces (22).
  13. A process according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that Laval nozzles are used as the openings (6).
  14. A process according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the conditioning station is used as a vibrator conveyor.
  15. A process according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a vibrating channel leading through the conditioning station is used as the conveying path.
  16. A process according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a conveyor belt leading through tile conditioning station is used as the conveying path.
  17. A process according to Claim 16, characterized in that a screen belt is used as the conveyor belt.
  18. A process according to Claims 1 to 13 and 17, characterized in that free jets (8) are blasted downwards through the screen belt (13).
  19. A process according to Claims 1 to 13 and 17, characterized in that free jets (8) directed towards one another are blasted against the screen belt (13) simultaneously from below and from above.
  20. A process according to one of Claims 17 to 19, characterized in that openings (6, 6', 6'') blasting free jets (8) are moved in a reciprocating manner.
  21. A process according to Claim 20, characterized in that the openings (6, 6', 6'') are moved transversely to the conveying direction of the screen band (13).
EP92106304A 1991-06-15 1992-04-11 Method for the continuous conditioning, particularly thermal conditioning of particulate material, preferably vegetable particulate material such as cereals, herbs, tobaccos and the like Expired - Lifetime EP0519173B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4119787 1991-06-15
DE4119787A DE4119787A1 (en) 1991-06-15 1991-06-15 METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS CONDITIONING, IN PARTICULAR THERMAL CONDITIONING, OF PUPPED GOODS, PREFERABLY VEGETABLE PLANT GOODS, LIKE CEREALS, HERBS, TOBACCO OR THE LIKE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519173A1 EP0519173A1 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519173B1 true EP0519173B1 (en) 1996-03-13

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EP92106304A Expired - Lifetime EP0519173B1 (en) 1991-06-15 1992-04-11 Method for the continuous conditioning, particularly thermal conditioning of particulate material, preferably vegetable particulate material such as cereals, herbs, tobaccos and the like

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EP (1) EP0519173B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE135169T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4119787A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0519173T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2086019T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3020021T3 (en)

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DE19625338C2 (en) * 1996-06-25 2003-07-03 Hollstein Gmbh Lueftungs Klima Plant for the storage and conditioning of fibrous products, especially processed tobacco
JP2007533939A (en) 2003-08-19 2007-11-22 ビューラー・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト Method and apparatus for continuous drying of rice
US8806771B2 (en) * 2009-02-04 2014-08-19 George A. Holmes Low impact belt dryer
DE102017120626A1 (en) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-07 Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh Conditioning of tobacco
CN111578673A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-08-25 济源市阳光兔业科技有限公司 A drying equipment for rabbit feed production
CN112539637B (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-21 江苏长能节能新材料科技有限公司 Method for continuously drying hexamethylol melamine
CN114322460B (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-09-06 湖南中医药大学 Intelligent disc traditional Chinese medicine drying mechanism

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AT195446B (en) * 1953-12-08 1958-02-10 Zellwolle Lenzing Ag Method and device for continuous cooling or heating or for continuous chemical treatment, in particular sulphidation of alkali cellulose
DE1094078B (en) * 1956-12-22 1960-12-01 Miag Muehlenbau & Ind Gmbh Method and device for preparing preheated grain
US3229617A (en) * 1961-04-07 1966-01-18 Altman Russell Stacy Grain and bean cooker
US3198729A (en) * 1962-01-02 1965-08-03 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Continuous conversion of hydrocarbons with sensitive catalyst
DE2007588B2 (en) * 1970-02-19 1975-08-07 Holtz & Willemsen Gmbh, 4150 Krefeld Process for the treatment of legume seeds and apparatus for carrying out this process
DE2151844C2 (en) * 1971-10-19 1982-08-12 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Method and device for conditioning tobacco
US3861058A (en) * 1972-12-18 1975-01-21 California Pellet Mill Co Fluidized bed grain processor
US4109394A (en) * 1977-01-05 1978-08-29 Wolverine Corporation Material treatment system
DE3325967C2 (en) * 1983-07-19 1985-10-24 NEOTEC Gesellschaft für Nahrungsmittelverfahrenstechnik mbH & Co KG, 2000 Norderstedt Promotional fluidized bed device
DE3616630A1 (en) * 1986-05-16 1987-11-19 Krupp Polysius Ag COOLING DEVICE
JPS6352845A (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-03-07 Shinmei Seisakusho:Kk Production of cereal rolled flake and apparatus therefor
DE3702768C2 (en) * 1987-01-30 1998-12-10 Sagemueller Franz Gmbh Device for drying loose quantities of finely cut plant parts, in particular tobacco
DE3713763C2 (en) * 1987-04-24 1996-12-19 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Arrangement for conditioning tobacco or similar fibrous material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59205641D1 (en) 1996-04-18
EP0519173A1 (en) 1992-12-23
DK0519173T3 (en) 1996-07-08
DE4119787A1 (en) 1992-12-17
ES2086019T3 (en) 1996-06-16
GR3020021T3 (en) 1996-08-31
ATE135169T1 (en) 1996-03-15

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