EP0518003B1 - Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0518003B1
EP0518003B1 EP92104068A EP92104068A EP0518003B1 EP 0518003 B1 EP0518003 B1 EP 0518003B1 EP 92104068 A EP92104068 A EP 92104068A EP 92104068 A EP92104068 A EP 92104068A EP 0518003 B1 EP0518003 B1 EP 0518003B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
polycaprolactone
spunbonded nonwoven
biodegradable
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92104068A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0518003A1 (de
Inventor
Helmut Dr. Eschwey
Monika Dr. Giesen-Wiese
Maria Grill
Ararad Dr. Emirze
Hans-Peter Dr. Seidler
Bernhard Dr. Klein
Michael Kauschke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP0518003A1 publication Critical patent/EP0518003A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0518003B1 publication Critical patent/EP0518003B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D01F6/625—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spunbonded nonwoven fabric made from continuous thermoplastic filaments and to a method for its production according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5, known for example from DE-A-3 932 877.
  • Biodegradable nonwovens made from staple fibers are known: the use of viscose fibers is described in I. MARINI, General. Nonwovens Report (1986) Vol. 14, No. 4, 214 f.
  • biodegradable fibers are natural fibers and natural fiber derivatives. Areas of application are disposable consumer goods such as Children's and incontinence diapers, bed pads, surgical gowns and surgical drapes and plasters.
  • Biodegradable is to be understood here and in the following to mean that the fiber or nonwoven material is completely destroyed by microorganisms. These microorganisms are bacteria and fungi that are present in the soil, among other things.
  • a disadvantage of the known biodegradable nonwoven fabrics is the anisotropy inherent in all staple fiber products, which is particularly evident in the mechanical properties, e.g. the strength, makes it disadvantageously noticeable: this is different in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and it is easy to see that this limits and makes the properties of use more difficult.
  • Another criterion is the consolidation of the biodegradable short fibers, which usually has to be done with additional binders, since natural fibers are known to have no thermoplastic properties. Such binders are critical because of possible skin irritation or problems with wound tolerance; moreover, they are usually not biodegradable.
  • spunbond nonwovens made from continuous polymer filaments which have the same strength properties in all directions, are often more hygienic in use because of the smooth surface of the polymers and because of the thermoplastic properties, they can be easily connected to one another by heat, ie welded together.
  • the production is described for example in DE-PS 31 51 322, the filament polymer being polypropylene.
  • Biodegradable polymers for example thermoplastic cellulose derivatives, previously used for melt spinning to form continuous filaments present difficulties in this process: Just above the melting temperature, these polymers remain so viscous that they cannot be spun into filaments; if the temperature is increased further, decomposition usually occurs immediately. There is therefore only a very narrow temperature band within which spinning can be carried out.
  • DE-A-3 932 877 discloses an erosion protection and / or substrate stabilization mat made of at least predominantly degradable synthetic polymer threads.
  • the mat can be made of nonwoven.
  • the state of the art states that the polymer threads can be connected, welded or glued together at their crossing points.
  • the polymer forming the filaments consists of at least 50% by weight polycaprolactone with an average molecular weight of 35,000 to 70,000 and that the welding of the filaments at their crossing point is autogenous, i.e. solely through their thermoplastic, sticky properties during the placement on each other.
  • the type of polycaprolactone mentioned is surprisingly processable on conventional melt spinning devices to form endless polymer threads, the process steps of melting, pumping to the nozzles, drawing and cooling by means of tempered air and laying down the finished filaments within the scope of manual skill on the thermal properties of the polymer can be matched.
  • a conventional melt spinning plant can be used in any case. It is essential that a finished, consolidated spunbonded nonwoven fabric is already present in the manufacturing process, after deposition, ie no subsequent consolidation step is required, for example by embossing rollers or the like.
  • thermoplastic welding occurs automatically at the filament crossing points.
  • thermoplastic fibers e.g. Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide or polyester
  • polycaprolactone specified above in a proportion of at least 50% by weight in the filament-forming polymer allows subsequent thermal consolidation to be dispensed with.
  • the filament material consists of the polycaprolactone mentioned. It is easily spinnable to form a continuous filament at 150 to 220 ° C, with no decomposition; furthermore, this material is stretchable after spinning out of the nozzles, a property that other biodegradable polymers do not have.
  • the limits of the molecular weight are given by the fact that at smaller values the mass is too wax-like to be still spinnable and at molecular weights over 70,000 the material becomes brittle.
  • thermoplastic polymers instead of the pure polycaprolactone.
  • Biodegradable two-component systems in the above sense are those which contain polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate hydroxyvalerate copolymer, a polylactide or polyester urethane as the second polymer component. Although the materials of these second components are biodegradable, they cannot be spun as a pure substance or only with great technical effort. Only the combination with polycaprolactone makes the mass suitable for conventional melt spinning processes and solves the requirements mentioned in the task.
  • All of the polymer mixtures mentioned and the pure polycaprolactone are easy to dye, have an extensibility of at least 50% and impart a textile character to the spunbonded nonwoven.
  • covering fleeces for horticulture and agriculture covering fleeces for horticulture and agriculture; adhesion-promoting adhesive fleece and adhesive between polar and non-polar polymers, for example between polyethylene and polypropylene or polyester and polyamide; iron-on interlining nonwovens in the outer clothing area because of the anisotropic stretching property; technical applications in which permanent hydrophilic properties or antistatic properties are required, e.g. filter materials.
  • Polycaprolactone with a melting point of around 60 ° C and an MFI (melt flow index) of 10 g / 10 min at 130 ° C / 2.16 kg is melted at an extruder temperature of 185 ° C.
  • the melt temperature of the polymer melt is 203 ° C.
  • the air required to stretch the polymer melt emerging from the spinnerets has a temperature of 50 ° C.
  • the drawn continuous filaments are caught on a screen belt and wound up without further consolidation.
  • the basis weight of the polycaprolactone spunbonded nonwoven is 22 g / m.
  • a polymer mixture of 90% polycaprolactone and 10% polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymer with an MFI value of 34 g / 10 min at 190 ° C / 2.16 kg is melted at 182 ° C.
  • the polymer melt emerging from the spinnerets is stretched with air at a temperature of around 40 ° C.
  • the drawn continuous filaments are caught on a conveyor belt and the nonwoven is wound up without further consolidation.
  • the basis weight of the nonwoven is 23 g / m.
  • a polymer mixture of 75% polycaprolactone and 25% polyethylene is processed to a spunbonded nonwoven under the same conditions as described in Example 2.
  • All spunbonded nonwovens of Examples 1 to 3 are suitable for applications in hygiene products, e.g. as a diaper covering fleece, in agriculture as a mulch film, as an adhesive fleece for the production of textile laminates or for technical applications such as Filter materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP92104068A 1991-06-13 1992-03-10 Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0518003B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4119455A DE4119455C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-06-13 1991-06-13
DE4119455 1991-06-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0518003A1 EP0518003A1 (de) 1992-12-16
EP0518003B1 true EP0518003B1 (de) 1996-05-08

Family

ID=6433825

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92104068A Expired - Lifetime EP0518003B1 (de) 1991-06-13 1992-03-10 Spinnvliesstoff aus thermoplastischen Endlosfilamenten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5466517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0518003B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2579716B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE137816T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR9202227A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2071133C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE4119455C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK0518003T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2088513T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE4220795C2 (de) * 1992-06-25 1997-12-11 Freudenberg Carl Fa Flächiges, biologisch abbaubares Trägermaterial für Denitrifikanten in biologisch betriebenen Klärstufen

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ATE137816T1 (de) 1996-05-15
CA2071133C (en) 1996-11-05
BR9202227A (pt) 1993-02-02
DK0518003T3 (da) 1996-09-09
CA2071133A1 (en) 1992-12-14
DE4119455C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-09-17
DE59206211D1 (de) 1996-06-13
US5466517A (en) 1995-11-14
EP0518003A1 (de) 1992-12-16
JPH05195407A (ja) 1993-08-03
ES2088513T3 (es) 1996-08-16
JP2579716B2 (ja) 1997-02-12

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