EP0497652A1 - Vorrichtung zur elektronischen Steuerung des Strahlungsdiagrammes einer Einfach-/Mehrfach-Strahlenantenne mit variabler Richtung und/oder Breite - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur elektronischen Steuerung des Strahlungsdiagrammes einer Einfach-/Mehrfach-Strahlenantenne mit variabler Richtung und/oder Breite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0497652A1
EP0497652A1 EP92400136A EP92400136A EP0497652A1 EP 0497652 A1 EP0497652 A1 EP 0497652A1 EP 92400136 A EP92400136 A EP 92400136A EP 92400136 A EP92400136 A EP 92400136A EP 0497652 A1 EP0497652 A1 EP 0497652A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiators
outputs
network
phase
signal
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Granted
Application number
EP92400136A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0497652B1 (de
Inventor
Antoine Roederer
Cornelis Van't Klooster
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for electronic control of the radiation pattern of an antenna with one or more directional beams and / or of variable width.
  • the antenna will mainly be described in transmission mode but all the lessons can be transposed, mutatis mutandis , to reception operation by simple application of the principle of reciprocity, the structure of the circuits and their links remaining the same but the signal traveling from the antenna array to the transmit / receive circuits instead of traveling in the opposite direction.
  • the amplifier stages which are placed in the same places, are in this case low noise amplifier stages whose input is located on the antenna side and the output on the transmit / receive circuit side.
  • the two types of amplifiers power amplifiers for transmission and low-bit amplifiers for reception
  • either passive antennas or active antennas can be used.
  • the so-called "passive" antennas essentially comprise a main amplifier followed by a power divider, fixed or variable, as well as phase shifters and / or switches.
  • the main drawbacks are the need to have a high power generator (since the amplifier is unique), to present significant losses downstream of this generator (since the latter is located upstream of the rest of the device and d 'imply switching at high power level.
  • the low noise amplifier being located downstream of the system, the signal undergoes significant losses before amplification, thus significantly degrading the signal / noise ratio.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Such an example of passive antenna is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, with a circular network 10 comprising a large number of elementary radiators (thirty-two in this example) distributed regularly over a cylindrical surface, as illustrated diagrammatically in the figure. 2 which represents a plan view of the network 10.
  • the successive elements of this circular network have been numbered from 1 to 32.
  • This network 10 is supplied by a signal source 20.
  • This signal is amplified by a stage 30 and applied to a beam forming and scanning network 40, 50 comprising on the one hand, a power divider stage 40 and, d on the other hand, a series of four-way switches 50.
  • the power divider stage 40 comprises, in this example, a four-way power divider 41 whose outputs are applied as input to two-way variable dividers 42.
  • the divider 41 is a fixed, equiphase and equiamplitude divider, while the dividers 42 are equiphase dividers with variable amplitude.
  • Each of the outputs of the variable power dividers 42 is connected to a four-way switch 50 supplying four non-contiguous radiators and angularly offset by 90 ° on the circular network.
  • the output of each divider 42 is thus applied to one of the radiators of a sub-network, each sub-network consisting of four elementary radiators having the rank indicated in the figure (the first sub-network consists of radiators of row 1, 9, 17 and 25, the second sub-network, radiators of rows 5, 13, 21 and 29, etc.).
  • variable phase shifts dividers 42
  • commutations switches 50
  • three central elements for example elements 2, 3 and 4
  • the distribution of the last quarter is gradually varied from one external element (in this example, element 1) to the other (element 5), also in phase, producing thus progressive scanning.
  • This configuration is not without drawbacks.
  • the main one is the very significant loss of power between the signal at the output of the amplifier and the signal actually radiated by the network, due to the many elements crossed; in general, this loss is around 40%.
  • This configuration comprises, between the network 10 and the signal source 20 with its power amplifier 30, an assembly constituted, from upstream to downstream: of an equiphase and equiamplitude power divider 40 comprising as many outputs as there are elementary radiators, a phase shifter assembly 60 comprising, for each of the outputs of the divider 40, a fixed phase shifter 61 and a variable phase shifter 62, and a Butler matrix 70 whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the phase shifters and whose outputs are connected to the various elementary radiators of network 10 (as we know, a Butler matrix is a passive network without theoretical loss comprising N inputs and N outputs, N generally being a power of 2; the inputs are isolated between them, and a signal applied to any one of the inputs produced on all the outputs of currents of equal amplitudes but whose phases vary linearly from one element to the next).
  • a Butler matrix is a passive network without theoretical loss comprising N inputs and N outputs, N generally being a power of 2;
  • the scanning is carried out by action on the phase shifters 62 so as to obtain a linear progression of the phase on the mode inputs, while keeping the mode amplitudes fixed.
  • the second type of antenna consists of so-called “active" antennas, in which the amplification is no longer concentrated at one point but distributed over a plurality of amplifiers.
  • each radiating element is associated with an amplifier mounted in the immediate vicinity of the radiator.
  • the main disadvantage is that, for an antenna with four (or six) facets for example, one will use, at a given time, only one amplifier out of four (or six), all the power being concentrated in the only amplifier associated with the corresponding element used. This drawback limits the use of this principle to antennas which must have an extended scanning range.
  • US-A-4,901,085, to Spring et al. Further describes a configuration for a multi-beam antenna supply system comprising a plurality of modules forming hybrid matrix power amplifiers. These modules, preferably all identical, each comprise an input matrix and an output matrix having between them a mirror symmetry and interconnected by a battery of power amplifiers. Each of the modules thus formed is mounted between, on the one hand, a low level beam forming network and, on the other hand, the radiating elements.
  • Such a structure which involves a duplication of the matrices, is therefore relatively complex, bulky and heavy, highly disadvantageous characteristics in the case of an antenna on board a satellite.
  • the beam forming network connects certain beam selection ports to certain input ports of the modules, some of which other ports have no signal applied to them. Consequently, the various amplifiers are not loaded identically, thus leading to a loss of efficiency of the system.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to propose an electronic device for controlling the radiation pattern of an active antenna with electronic scanning, with one or more beams, operating in a wide angular range and with optimum efficiency.
  • this device comprises a network of radiators subdivided into a certain number of groups, each bundle typically using one or two elements from each group.
  • Amplification is carried out in a distributed manner by a plurality of amplifiers, in a number equal to that of the radiators, and the connection between radiators and amplifiers is carried out by means of a hybrid coupler, means being further provided for optimize and adjust the phases of the signals before amplification (in transmission) or after amplification (in reception) in order to control the distribution of energy between the elements.
  • the distributed amplification according to the invention has the advantage that, compared to an active antenna with an amplifier module directly associated with each radiating element, the power per module can be reduced essentially in the ratio of the number of elements contributing to a beam to the total number of elements.
  • the amplifiers all receive signals of equal amplitude permanently, the efficiency of the amplification function can be optimized.
  • this device between the power dividing means and the radiators: P groups of M phase-amplifier-amplifier modules, placed at the output of the power dividing means; and P couplers with M inputs and M outputs each, these M inputs being connected to the corresponding M outputs of the group of associated phase-amplifier modules, and these M outputs being connected to the M radiators of the associated sub-network, the phase shift of the phase-amplifier modules being chosen so as to direct the power delivered by the source to the radiators participating in the specified radiation diagram, and thus to achieve a distributed amplification of the signal emitted by the source while maintaining on each amplifier a substantially identical and constant charge whatever the modifications made to the diagram.
  • said power dividing means may in particular comprise, in a number equal to that of the beams, a plurality of elementary power dividing assemblies with one input and N outputs, the homologous outputs of the respective elementary assemblies being coupled by variable phase-shifting means to give N outputs applied to the N inputs of the N phase-amplifier-amplifier modules.
  • said network is a cylindrical network, excited so as to carry out a circular scanning of said beam or of each of said beams, and / or excited so as to effect a modification of the width of said beam or of each of said beams.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show a first known type of passive circular scanning antenna.
  • FIG. 3, cited above, shows a second known type of passive antenna with circular scanning.
  • Figures 4 and 5 schematically illustrate a first mode of the device of the invention, corresponding to a single-beam circular scanning antenna.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of the invention, corresponding to a circular scanning antenna with two simultaneous beams.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention, corresponding to a single beam antenna with fixed pointing but with variable width.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a first embodiment of the invention, for a cylindrical antenna with sixteen radiating elements (radiators) and with a single beam. This configuration typically corresponds to that of a counter-rotating antenna for satellite, but many other applications are of course perfectly conceivable.
  • Figure 4 shows, in top view, the overall configuration of the circular network and the circuits associated with it, while Figure 5 refers only to the electrical diagram defining the connections between these different elements.
  • the radiating elements of the network 10 are subdivided into groups A, B, C and D of four radiators each (A1, A2, A3, A4, etc.), the beam typically using one or two elements from each group: thus, in the 'illustrated example, the beam whose direction is ⁇ uses the five elements A1, B1, C1, D1 and D4; the elements A1, B1 and C1 are each excited typically by a quarter of the total power, the last quarter being distributed between the two elements D1 and D4, with a continuous variation (the level of power more or less high was symbolized on the Figures 4 and 5 by a more or less large hatched area associated with each excited element).
  • each of the three central sources in this example the sources A1, B1 and C1
  • those of the two external sources D1 and D4 are equal but with adjustable values: we can thus maximize the radiation in one direction variable continuously or not.
  • Each group of radiators is associated with a generalized multiport coupler 80, or a Butler matrix, with four inputs and four outputs in the example illustrated.
  • Such couplers are for example described, with their operating conditions, in the work of YT Lo and SW Lee entitled Antenna Handbook - Theory , Applications and Design, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, in particular on pages 19-101 at 19-111 of the chapter Beam-Forming Feeds, or in the article by S. Egami and M. Kawai entitled An Adaptative Multiple Beam System Concept , published in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , volume SAC-5, n ° 4 of May 1987, pages 630 to 636.
  • Each of the couplers 80 associated with the different groups A, B, C and D makes it possible to connect each element of a group (for example, for the coupler of group A, the radiators A1, A2, A3 and A4) to an equal number of amplifier modules 30 and phase shifters 60, the phase shifters being variable and controllable so as to adjust the phase shift before amplification (at transmission) or after amplification (at reception).
  • the properties of the couplers 80 are such that it is possible, by an appropriate choice of the phases applied by the phase shifters 60 to the signals coming from the divider 40, to focus the input power towards one, two or four of the outputs of the coupler; here, we will focus the power towards one or two outputs to achieve the desired result.
  • Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a generalization of the previous embodiment to a circular scanning antenna with two simultaneous beams, corresponding to the two directions referenced ⁇ and ⁇ ′.
  • the structure is comparable to that of the previous case with regard to the multiport couplers 80 and the amplifiers 30.
  • phase shifters are split; provision is therefore made, for each of the amplifiers 30, for two phase shifters 60 and 60 ′ making it possible to couple the signals from the two sources 20 and 20 ′ while applying to them, separately, an appropriate separate phase shift.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, in an application to a "zoom" antenna, that is to say an antenna producing a beam of given direction ( ⁇ ), but of variable width according to requirements .
  • a "zoom" antenna that is to say an antenna producing a beam of given direction ( ⁇ ), but of variable width according to requirements .
  • such antennas can be very useful in the case of satellites having an elliptical orbit with high eccentricity, because they make it possible to maintain a zone of illumination that is substantially constant despite periodic variations in altitude of the satellite.
  • the number of radiating elements used is varied, a wide beam using a small number of radiating elements and a strongly directive beam using a larger number.
  • a network 10 (circular or plane) of eight elements is used, distributed in two nested groups A1, A2, A3, A4 and B1, B2, B3, B4.
  • a wide beam will use the two central elements B2 and A3, a slightly narrower beam will use the four central elements A2, B2, A3, B3, etc. and the narrowest beam will use all of the elements.
  • all the elements point in the same direction and that, moreover, the network can be enlarged, in itself known manner, by an optical system.
  • each of the two groups are combined with the first series of ports of a coupler 80, the second series of ports of which is attacked by the amplifiers 30, in a number equal to that of the radiators.
  • Each amplifier is associated with a phase shifting module 60, itself supplied by one of the outputs of the divider. of power 40 supplied by the signal source 20.
  • the network radiators can be distributed over a conforming, spherical, cylindrical, conical or faceted surface to extend the angular range of the antenna.
EP92400136A 1991-01-31 1992-01-20 Vorrichtung zur elektronischen Steuerung des Strahlungsdiagrammes einer Einfach-/Mehrfach-Strahlenantenne mit variabler Richtung und/oder Breite Expired - Lifetime EP0497652B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9101086A FR2672436B1 (fr) 1991-01-31 1991-01-31 Dispositif de controle electronique du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne a un ou plusieurs faisceaux de direction et/ou de largeur variable.
FR9101086 1991-01-31

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EP0497652A1 true EP0497652A1 (de) 1992-08-05
EP0497652B1 EP0497652B1 (de) 1994-11-30

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US (1) US5151706A (de)
EP (1) EP0497652B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2607198B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2059584C (de)
DE (1) DE69200720T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2672436B1 (de)

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EP0727839A1 (de) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-21 SPACE ENGINEERING S.p.A. Direktstrahlende Gruppenantenne mit multigeformter Strahlungskeule
EP0734093A1 (de) * 1995-03-20 1996-09-25 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Vorrichtung zur Speisung einer Mehrstrahl-Gruppenantenne
FR2732163A1 (fr) * 1995-03-20 1996-09-27 Europ Agence Spatiale Dispositif d'alimentation d'une antenne multisources et multifaisceaux
US5736963A (en) * 1995-03-20 1998-04-07 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Feed device for a multisource and multibeam antenna
FR3052870A1 (fr) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-22 Thales Sa Radar secondaire a gestion spatio-temporelle optimisee
WO2017220461A1 (fr) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-28 Thales Radar secondaire a gestion spatio-temporelle optimisee
JP2019521332A (ja) * 2016-06-21 2019-07-25 タレス 最適化された時空間管理を有する二次レーダ
US10823838B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2020-11-03 Thales Secondary radar with optimized spatio-temporal management

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US5151706A (en) 1992-09-29
FR2672436B1 (fr) 1993-09-10
JPH04319804A (ja) 1992-11-10
DE69200720D1 (de) 1995-01-12
CA2059584C (fr) 1995-09-05
FR2672436A1 (fr) 1992-08-07
CA2059584A1 (fr) 1992-08-01
DE69200720T2 (de) 1995-04-06
EP0497652B1 (de) 1994-11-30
JP2607198B2 (ja) 1997-05-07

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