EP0497390B1 - Device for receiving a web of packaging material - Google Patents

Device for receiving a web of packaging material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0497390B1
EP0497390B1 EP92107191A EP92107191A EP0497390B1 EP 0497390 B1 EP0497390 B1 EP 0497390B1 EP 92107191 A EP92107191 A EP 92107191A EP 92107191 A EP92107191 A EP 92107191A EP 0497390 B1 EP0497390 B1 EP 0497390B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
material web
blanks
bobbin
reel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92107191A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0497390A2 (en
EP0497390A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Focke
Kurt Liedtke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0497390A2 publication Critical patent/EP0497390A2/en
Publication of EP0497390A3 publication Critical patent/EP0497390A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0497390B1 publication Critical patent/EP0497390B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H18/00—Winding webs
    • B65H18/28—Wound package of webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/228—Preparing and feeding blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/07—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles
    • B65D85/08—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular
    • B65D85/10—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular for cigarettes
    • B65D85/1036—Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank
    • B65D85/1045—Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank having a cap-like lid hinged to an edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/02—Feeding or positioning sheets, blanks or webs
    • B31B50/022—Holders for feeding or positioning blanks or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B31B50/16—Cutting webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2301/00—Details of blanks
    • B65D2301/10—Blanks mutually positioned to minimise waste material upon cutting out the individual blank from a continuous or large sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S493/00—Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
    • Y10S493/901—Rigid container
    • Y10S493/91—Cigarette container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S493/00—Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
    • Y10S493/901—Rigid container
    • Y10S493/91—Cigarette container
    • Y10S493/911—Flip-top
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/35—Work-parting pullers [bursters]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/15—Sheet, web, or layer weakened to permit separation through thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24314—Slit or elongated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993—Of paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/02—Other than completely through work thickness
    • Y10T83/0207—Other than completely through work thickness or through work presented
    • Y10T83/0215—Including use of rotary scoring blade
    • Y10T83/0222—Plural independent rotary scoring blades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combination of a drum and a material web wound thereon to form a bobbin.
  • the packaging material When producing packages from thin packaging material such as paper, the packaging material is made available to the packaging machine as a wound material web. The material web is pulled off the bobbin in the packaging machine and divided into cuts by cutting knives, which are then folded to form the packaging.
  • blanks are prefabricated by punching from sheets of material (benefit), delivered in stacks and thus entered into the packaging machine. This is equipped with a blank magazine for taking up the stacked blanks and for successively removing them. This is how packaging machines for the production of hinged boxes (hinge-lid packs) for holding cigarettes etc. work.
  • US-A-2 659 542 is concerned with the construction of a drum consisting of a drum core and side flanges, the flanges each being spaced from side edges of the drum core.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a combination of a drum and a bobbin, with the aid of which a longer bobbin transport can be carried out with gentle handling of the bobbin.
  • the combination according to the invention enables in particular the transport of material webs with a particularly sensitive side in a gentle manner. While one side of the bobbin or the material web lies close to the drum flange, the other side remains free of mechanical loads.
  • the filled drum can be handled and transported by rolling on the drum flanges without the side edges of the material web being affected.
  • Such a folding box made of thin cardboard usually consists of a box part 10 and a hinged lid 11.
  • the box part 10 comprises a front wall 12, an opposite rear wall 13, a bottom wall 14 connecting these to one another and (narrow) side walls, which consist of superimposed, i.e. overlapping outer Side tabs 15 and corresponding, approximately equally wide inner side tabs 16 are formed.
  • the outer side tabs 15 are connected to the front wall 12 and the inner side tabs 16 to the rear wall 13.
  • the aforementioned side tabs 15, 16 lie against one another with full coverage and are connected to one another by adhesive bonding.
  • the hinged lid 11 which is also only partially folded in the present case, is connected to the box part 10 or the rear wall 13 thereof via a transverse hinged hinge 17. This is followed by a lid rear wall 18, a lid upper wall 19 and a lid front wall 20.
  • side walls are also formed from lid side tabs lying one above the other and glued to one another, specifically from outer lid side tabs 21 connected to the lid front wall 20 and inner lid side tabs 22 connected to the lid rear wall 18.
  • the packaging (hinged box) formed in this way is produced from a blank 23 which has pre-embossed folding lines for delimiting the described packaging walls and folding flaps.
  • the blanks 23 are connected to one another to form a continuous material web 24 of the packaging material.
  • the material web 24 (FIG. 2) consists of blanks 23 which are transverse with their longitudinal extension and which are pre-punched and pre-embossed.
  • the adjoining blanks 23 are connected to one another only in partial areas of the abutting edges, specifically via residual connections 25 which are created by short punchings 26 at a distance from one another. Outside the area of these residual connections 25, the blanks 23 are separated from one another due to continuous punch cuts 27 and 28, respectively.
  • the blanks 23 are held together by the remaining connections 25 to form a continuous material web 24, the width of which corresponds to the length of the blanks 23.
  • the edge contours of the material web 24 correspond to the design of the blanks in the end areas.
  • the remaining connections 25 are formed in the area of blank parts which are inside or hidden in the finished hinged box.
  • the adjacent blanks 23 are connected to one another in the region of the inner side tabs 16 and also the inner cover side tabs 22, that is to say in a central region of the material web 24.
  • the material web 24 designed according to FIG. 2 is preferably wound into a roll or bobbin 30.
  • the bobbin 30 is arranged on a drum 31 which, according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, consists of a drum core 32 and lateral drum flanges 33 and 34.
  • the latter protect the irregular edges of the material web 24 or bobbin 30 by punching.
  • the drum flanges 33, 34 are dimensioned such that they protrude a sufficient distance 35 over the outer circumference of the bobbin 30. As a result, the filled drum 31 can be transported by rollers on the ground and stored standing on the drum flanges 33, 34.
  • the drum core 32 is dimensioned in the axial direction so that the bobbin 30 wound off-center in the present example on the side sensitive to mechanical loads due to the design of the blanks 23, namely on the free edges of the front wall 12 and the tapered outer side tabs 15 effective gap 36 forms with respect to the adjacent drum flange 34.
  • This gap 36 prevents mechanical loads and thus deformations of the blanks 23 by pressing against the drum flange 34.
  • At least one drum flange 34 can be removed, that is to say the one facing the front wall 12.
  • the drum flange 34 is provided with an internally arranged plug-in sleeve 37, which enters into a correspondingly dimensioned ring recess 38 of the drum core 32 in a form-fitting but releasable manner.
  • the drum core 32 is only connected to the opposite drum flange 33.
  • a central, continuous drum opening 39 enables placement on a rotatable support pin 40 in the packaging machine.
  • the blanks 23 of the present exemplary embodiment are processed in a packaging machine for the production of hinged boxes. 4 and 5 show interesting details of such a packaging machine (known in principle) in the present context.
  • the rearward-facing support pin 40 is mounted at such a distance from the floor that a bobbin 30 or drum 31 is held a short distance above the floor.
  • the support pin 40 is rotatably driven by a motor via a pinion 42 and a gear 43.
  • the material web 24 is pulled off the bobbin 30 or drum 31 by a first pair of pull rollers 44, 45.
  • the lower pulling roller 45 with a larger diameter also has a deflecting function.
  • a second pair of pulling rollers 46, 47 is arranged at a distance above the pulling rollers 44, 45, the pulling roller 47 with a larger diameter again acting as a deflecting roller for feeding the material web 24 into a horizontal conveying path 48.
  • a free sag 49 of the material web 24 is formed as a small web supply.
  • the sag 49 is monitored for size by a light barrier 50.
  • the blanks 23 are separated from the material track 24 by tearing.
  • two pairs of tear rollers 51, 52 on the one hand and 53 and 54 on the other hand are arranged at a distance from one another in the conveying direction.
  • the distance of the tearing rollers 51, 52 on the one hand from the tearing rollers 53, 54, on the other hand is somewhat less than the width of a blank 23.
  • the tearing rollers 53, 54 are driven at a higher speed than the tearing rollers 51, 52. As a result, the respective front blank 23 of the material web 24 demolished from this.
  • the cut blanks 23 are fed into an upright blanking chute 55, specifically by conveyor rollers 56.
  • Stacked blanks 57 are successively removed from the blanking chute 55 and placed on a cross conveyor 59 by a slide 58.
  • the respectively arriving blank stack 57 is inserted through a lowering platform 61 into the upper area of the blank magazine 60 by downward movement.
  • the lowering platform 61 is retracted in the transverse direction in the lower position (dash-dotted positions) and then moved back into the upper receiving position for the next stack of blanks 57, namely by correspondingly driven links 62.
  • blanks are removed one after the other by a known unwinder 63 and fed to a folding turret 64 shown schematically in FIG.
  • the processing of the blanks 23 within a packaging machine can also take place in another way.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kombination einer Trommel und einer auf dieser zu einer Bobine aufgewickelten Materialbahn.The invention relates to a combination of a drum and a material web wound thereon to form a bobbin.

Bei der Herstellung von Packungen aus dünnem Verpackungsmaterial wie Papier wird das Verpackungsmaterial als gewickelte Materialbahn der Verpackungsmaschine zur Verfügung gestellt. In der Verpackungsmaschine wird die Materialbahn von der Bobine abgezogen und durch Trennmesser in Zuschnitte aufgeteilt, die dann zur Bildung der Verpackung gefaltet werden.When producing packages from thin packaging material such as paper, the packaging material is made available to the packaging machine as a wound material web. The material web is pulled off the bobbin in the packaging machine and divided into cuts by cutting knives, which are then folded to form the packaging.

Bei Verpackungsmaterial größerer Steifigkeit, zum Beispiel bei Verpackungen aus Karton, werden Zuschnitte durch Stanzen aus Materialbögen (Nutzen) fabrikmäßig vorgefertigt, in Stapeln angeliefert und so in die Verpackungsmaschine eingegeben. Diese ist mit einem Zuschnittmagazin für die Aufnahme der gestapelten Zuschnitte und zur sukzessiven Entnahme derselben ausgerüstet. In derartiger Weise arbeiten insbesondere Verpackungsmaschinen für die Herstellung von Klappschachteln (Hinge-Lid-Packungen) zur Aufnahme von Zigaretten etc.In the case of packaging material with greater rigidity, for example in the case of packaging made of cardboard, blanks are prefabricated by punching from sheets of material (benefit), delivered in stacks and thus entered into the packaging machine. This is equipped with a blank magazine for taking up the stacked blanks and for successively removing them. This is how packaging machines for the production of hinged boxes (hinge-lid packs) for holding cigarettes etc. work.

Die Vorfertigung der Zuschnitte in gesonderten Fertigungsstätten, der Transport und die Handhabung der Zuschnittstapel sind umständlich und aufwendig. Darüber hinaus ist aus räumlichen Gründen die Aufnahmekapazität eines Zuschnittmagazins einer Verpackungsmaschine für Zuschnittstapel begrenzt.The prefabrication of the blanks in separate production facilities, the transport and the handling of the blank stack are cumbersome and complex. In addition, the spatial capacity of a blank magazine of a packaging machine for blank stacks is limited.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß die Herstellung kompletter Zuschnitte aus (dünnem) Karton innerhalb der Verpackungsmaschine durch Stanzen nicht durchführbar ist. Aus diesem Grunde erfolgt eine Vorstanzung der Zuschnitte im Bereich der bisherigen Fertigungsstätten, insbesondere in der Kartonagenfabrik. Die Zuschnitte werden über Restverbindungen zusammenhängend angeliefert und so der Verpackungsmaschine zur Verfügung gestellt. Im Bereich derselben werden die individuellen Zuschnitte durch Abreißen gebildet. Die so vorbereiteten Zuschnitte werden nicht mehr aus blattförmigen Nutzen gefertigt. Vielmehr ermöglicht nun die Zustellung von teilweise vorgefertigten, jedoch noch miteinander verbundenen Zuschnitten aus Karton oder dergleichen die Lagerung und Präsentation als gewickelte Rolle (Bobine) größeren Durchmessers von zum Beispiel 80 cm. Dadurch wird im Bereich der Verpackungsmaschine ein beträchtlicher Vorrat geschaffen, der - je nach Leistungsfähigkeit der Verpackungsmaschine - für etwa eine Stunde ununterbrochener Fertigung der Verpackungsmaschine ausreicht.It has been found that the production of complete blanks from (thin) cardboard within the packaging machine by punching is not feasible. For this reason, the blanks are pre-punched in the area of the previous production facilities, especially in the cardboard box factory. The blanks are delivered contiguously via residual connections and thus made available to the packaging machine. In the area of the same, the individual blanks are formed by tearing them off. The blanks prepared in this way are no longer made from sheet-like blanks. Rather, the delivery of partially prefabricated, but still interconnected blanks of cardboard or the like enables storage and presentation as a wound roll (bobbin) of larger diameter, for example 80 cm. This creates a considerable supply in the area of the packaging machine, which - depending on the performance of the packaging machine - is sufficient for approximately one hour of continuous production of the packaging machine.

Aus der US-A-3 834 639 ist es bekannt, eine Filmbahn so auf eine Trommel aufzuwickeln, daß zwischen Bahnrändern und Trommelflanschen je ein Spalt vorhanden ist.From US-A-3 834 639 it is known to wind a film web onto a drum in such a way that there is a gap between the web edges and the drum flanges.

In ähnlicher Weise befaßt sich die US-A-2 659 542 mit der Konstruktion einer Trommel bestehend aus Trommelkern und seitlichen Flanschen, wobei die Flansche jeweils einen Abstand zu seitlichen Rändern des Trommelkerns aufweisen.Similarly, US-A-2 659 542 is concerned with the construction of a drum consisting of a drum core and side flanges, the flanges each being spaced from side edges of the drum core.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Kombination aus Trommel und Bobine zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe ein längerer Bobinentransport bei zugleich schonender Behandlung der Bobine möglich ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a combination of a drum and a bobbin, with the aid of which a longer bobbin transport can be carried out with gentle handling of the bobbin.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe sieht die erfindungsgemäße Kombination folgende Merkmale vor:

  • a) Die Trommel weist einen Trommelkern zur Aufnahme der Bobine und beidseitig je einen Trommelflansch auf,
  • b) der Abstand zwischen den Trommelflanschen ist größer als die Materialbahn bzw. die Bobine breit ist,
  • c) zwischen einer gegen mechanische Belastungen empfindlichen Seite der Bobine bzw. der Materialbahn und dem benachbarten Trommelflansch ist ein wirksamer Spalt gebildet,
  • d) die Bobine bzw. die Materialbahn liegt mit einer gegen mechanische Belastungen weniger empfindlichen Seite am benachbarten Trommelflansch an bzw. weist keinen wirksamen Spalt auf.
To achieve the object, the combination according to the invention provides the following features:
  • a) The drum has a drum core for receiving the bobbin and a drum flange on both sides,
  • b) the distance between the drum flanges is greater than the material web or the bobbin is wide,
  • c) an effective gap is formed between a side of the bobbin or the material web that is sensitive to mechanical loads and the adjacent drum flange,
  • d) the bobbin or the material web lies with a side that is less sensitive to mechanical loads on the adjacent drum flange or has no effective gap.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination ist insbesondere der Transport von Materialbahnen mit einer besonders empfindlichen Seite auf schonende Weise möglich. Während eine Seite der Bobine bzw. der Materialbahn dicht am Trommelflansch anliegt, bleibt die andere Seite frei von mechanischen Belastungen.The combination according to the invention enables in particular the transport of material webs with a particularly sensitive side in a gentle manner. While one side of the bobbin or the material web lies close to the drum flange, the other side remains free of mechanical loads.

Die gefüllte Trommel kann durch Abrollen auf den Trommelflanschen gehandhabt und transportiert werden, ohne daß die Seitenränder der Materialbahn in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden.The filled drum can be handled and transported by rolling on the drum flanges without the side edges of the material web being affected.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie der Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine teilweise gefaltete Verpackung des Typs Klappschachtel in perspektivischer Darstellung,
Fig. 2
einen Abschnitt einer Materialbahn aus Zuschnitten für eine Verpackung gemäß Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
Fig. 3
eine Trommel zur Aufnahme einer Bobine aus einer Materialbahn gemäß Fig. 2 in Seitenansicht, teilweise geschnitten,
Fig. 4
einen Teil einer Verpackungsmaschine für die Fertigung von Verpackungen gemäß Fig. 1 in Rückansicht,
Fig. 5
die Verpackungsmaschine bzw. deren Einzelheiten in einem gegenüber Fig. 4 um 90° versetzten Querschnitt, in vergrößertem Maßstab.
Further advantageous features of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a partially folded packaging of the hinged box type in perspective,
Fig. 2
1 shows a section of a material web from blanks for packaging according to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,
Fig. 3
3 shows a drum for receiving a bobbin from a material web according to FIG. 2 in a side view, partly in section,
Fig. 4
part of a packaging machine for the production of packaging according to FIG. 1 in rear view,
Fig. 5
the packaging machine or its details in a cross-section offset by 90 ° compared to FIG. 4, on an enlarged scale.

Die in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele betreffen quaderförmige Klappschachteln (Hinge-Lid-Packungen) für Zigaretten. Eine derartige Klappschachtel aus dünnem Karton besteht üblicherweise aus einem Schachtelteil 10 und einem Klappdeckel 11. Der Schachtelteil 10 umfaßt eine Vorderwand 12, eine gegenüberliegende Rückwand 13, eine diese miteinander verbindende Bodenwand 14 und (schmale) Seitenwände, die aus übereinanderliegenden, also einander überdeckenden äußeren Seitenlappen 15 und entsprechenden, etwa gleich breiten inneren Seitenlappen 16 gebildet sind. Die äußeren Seitenlappen 15 sind mit der Vorderwand 12 und die innenliegenden Seitenlappen 16 mit der Rückwand 13 verbunden. Bei der fertig gefalteten Klappschachtel liegen die vorgenannten Seitenlappen 15, 16 unter vollflächiger Überdeckung aneinander und sind miteinander durch Klebung verbunden.The exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings relate to cuboid hinged boxes (hinge-lid packs) for cigarettes. Such a folding box made of thin cardboard usually consists of a box part 10 and a hinged lid 11. The box part 10 comprises a front wall 12, an opposite rear wall 13, a bottom wall 14 connecting these to one another and (narrow) side walls, which consist of superimposed, i.e. overlapping outer Side tabs 15 and corresponding, approximately equally wide inner side tabs 16 are formed. The outer side tabs 15 are connected to the front wall 12 and the inner side tabs 16 to the rear wall 13. In the case of the folded folding box, the aforementioned side tabs 15, 16 lie against one another with full coverage and are connected to one another by adhesive bonding.

Der Klappdeckel 11, der im vorliegenden Falle ebenfalls nur teilweise gefaltet ist, steht mit dem Schachtelteil 10 bzw. der Rückwand 13 desselben über ein quergerichtetes Klappscharnier 17 in Verbindung. Hieran schließt eine Deckelrückwand 18, eine Deckeloberwand 19 und eine Deckelvorderwand 20 an.The hinged lid 11, which is also only partially folded in the present case, is connected to the box part 10 or the rear wall 13 thereof via a transverse hinged hinge 17. This is followed by a lid rear wall 18, a lid upper wall 19 and a lid front wall 20.

Auch bei dem Klappdeckel 11 werden Seitenwände aus übereinanderliegenden und miteinander verklebten Deckelseitenlappen gebildet, und zwar aus mit der Deckelvorderwand 20 verbundenen äußeren Deckelseitenlappen 21 und mit der Deckelrückwand 18 verbundenen inneren Deckelseitenlappen 22.In the case of the hinged lid 11, side walls are also formed from lid side tabs lying one above the other and glued to one another, specifically from outer lid side tabs 21 connected to the lid front wall 20 and inner lid side tabs 22 connected to the lid rear wall 18.

Die so ausgebildete Verpackung (Klappschachtel) wird aus einem Zuschnitt 23 hergestellt, der vorgeprägte Faltlinien zur Begrenzung der beschriebenen Packungswände und Faltlappen aufweist.The packaging (hinged box) formed in this way is produced from a blank 23 which has pre-embossed folding lines for delimiting the described packaging walls and folding flaps.

Bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Zuschnitte 23 zu einer fortlaufenden Materialbahn 24 des Verpackungsmaterials miteinander verbunden. Die Materialbahn 24 (Fig. 2) besteht aus mit ihrer Längserstreckung quergerichteten Zuschnitten 23, die vorgestanzt und vorgeprägt sind. Die nebeneinanderliegenden Zuschnitte 23 sind nur in Teilbereichen der aneinander stoßenden Ränder miteinander verbunden, und zwar über Restverbindungen 25, die durch kurze Stanzungen 26 mit Abstand voneinander entstehen. Außerhalb des Bereichs dieser Restverbindungen 25 sind die Zuschnitte 23 aufgrund durchgehender Stanzschnitte 27 bzw. 28 voneinander getrennt. Durch die Restverbindungen 25 werden die Zuschnitte 23 zu einer fortlaufenden Materialbahn 24 zusammengehalten, deren Breite der Länge der Zuschnitte 23 entspricht. Die Randkonturen der Materialbahn 24 entsprechen der Gestaltung der Zuschnitte in den Endbereichen.In the present exemplary embodiment, the blanks 23 are connected to one another to form a continuous material web 24 of the packaging material. The material web 24 (FIG. 2) consists of blanks 23 which are transverse with their longitudinal extension and which are pre-punched and pre-embossed. The adjoining blanks 23 are connected to one another only in partial areas of the abutting edges, specifically via residual connections 25 which are created by short punchings 26 at a distance from one another. Outside the area of these residual connections 25, the blanks 23 are separated from one another due to continuous punch cuts 27 and 28, respectively. The blanks 23 are held together by the remaining connections 25 to form a continuous material web 24, the width of which corresponds to the length of the blanks 23. The edge contours of the material web 24 correspond to the design of the blanks in the end areas.

Die Restverbindungen 25 sind im Bereich von Zuschnitteilen gebildet, die bei der fertigen Klappschachtel innen bzw. verdeckt liegen. Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die benachbarten Zuschnitte 23 im Bereich der innenliegenden Seitenlappen 16 sowie der ebenfalls innenliegenden Deckelseitenlappen 22 miteinander verbunden, also in einem mittleren Bereich der Materialbahn 24.The remaining connections 25 are formed in the area of blank parts which are inside or hidden in the finished hinged box. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the adjacent blanks 23 are connected to one another in the region of the inner side tabs 16 and also the inner cover side tabs 22, that is to say in a central region of the material web 24.

Für die Verarbeitung der Zuschnitte 23 werden diese nacheinander von der Materialbahn 24 abgetrennt, nämlich abgerissen. Die dadurch entstehenden freien Ränder 29 der Seitenlappen 16 und Deckelseitenlappen 22 haben eine unregelmäßige, zackenförmige Gestalt (Fig. 1). Wie geschildert, sind diese Ränder 29 durch die äußeren Seitenlappen 15 bzw. Deckelseitenlappen 21 bei der fertigen Verpackung überdeckt und nach außen nicht sichtbar.For the processing of the blanks 23, these are separated from the material web 24 one after the other, namely torn off. The resulting free edges 29 of the side tabs 16 and lid side tabs 22 have an irregular, jagged shape (FIG. 1). As described, these edges 29 are through the outer side tabs 15 or lid side tabs 21 in the finished packaging covered and not visible to the outside.

Die gemäß Fig. 2 ausgebildete Materialbahn 24 wird vorzugsweise zu einer Rolle bzw. Bobine 30 gewickelt. In dieser raumsparenden Anordnung ist die Materialbahn 24 günstig zu transportieren, zu lagern und in der Verpackungsmaschine zu handhaben. Die Bobine 30 ist auf einer Trommel 31 angeordnet, die gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 aus einem Trommelkern 32 und seitlichen Trommelflanschen 33 und 34 besteht. Letztere schützen die durch Stanzungen unregelmäßigen Ränder der Materialbahn 24 bzw. Bobine 30. Die Trommelflansche 33, 34 sind so bemessen, daß sie um einen ausreichenden Abstand 35 über den Außenumfang der Bobine 30 hinwegragen. Dadurch kann die gefüllte Trommel 31 durch Rollen auf dem Untergrund transportiert und auf den Trommelflanschen 33, 34 stehend gelagert werden.The material web 24 designed according to FIG. 2 is preferably wound into a roll or bobbin 30. In this space-saving arrangement, the material web 24 is inexpensive to transport, store and handle in the packaging machine. The bobbin 30 is arranged on a drum 31 which, according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, consists of a drum core 32 and lateral drum flanges 33 and 34. The latter protect the irregular edges of the material web 24 or bobbin 30 by punching. The drum flanges 33, 34 are dimensioned such that they protrude a sufficient distance 35 over the outer circumference of the bobbin 30. As a result, the filled drum 31 can be transported by rollers on the ground and stored standing on the drum flanges 33, 34.

Der Trommelkern 32 ist in Axialrichtung so bemessen, daß die bei dem vorliegenden Beispiel außermittig gewickelte Bobine 30 auf der durch die Gestaltung der Zuschnitte 23 gegen mechanische Belastungen empfindlichen Seite, nämlich an den freien Rändern der Vorderwand 12 und der spitz auslaufenden äußeren Seitenlappen 15, einen wirksamen Spalt 36 gegenüber dem benachbarten Trommelflansch 34 bildet. Dieser Spalt 36 verhindert mechanische Belastungen und damit Verformungen der Zuschnitte 23 durch Andrücken an den Trommelflansch 34.The drum core 32 is dimensioned in the axial direction so that the bobbin 30 wound off-center in the present example on the side sensitive to mechanical loads due to the design of the blanks 23, namely on the free edges of the front wall 12 and the tapered outer side tabs 15 effective gap 36 forms with respect to the adjacent drum flange 34. This gap 36 prevents mechanical loads and thus deformations of the blanks 23 by pressing against the drum flange 34.

Zur besseren Handhabung und auch für eine störungsfreie Herstellung der Bobine 30 ist wenigstens ein Trommelflansch 34 abnehmbar, also der der Vorderwand 12 zugekehrte. Der Trommelflansch 34 ist zu diesem Zweck mit einer innenseitig angeordneten Steckhülse 37 versehen, die in eine entsprechend bemessene Ringausnehmung 38 des Trommelkerns 32 formschlüssig, aber lösbar eintritt. Der Trommelkern 32 ist bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel lediglich mit dem gegenüberliegenden Trommelflansch 33 verbunden.For better handling and also for trouble-free manufacture of the bobbin 30, at least one drum flange 34 can be removed, that is to say the one facing the front wall 12. For this purpose, the drum flange 34 is provided with an internally arranged plug-in sleeve 37, which enters into a correspondingly dimensioned ring recess 38 of the drum core 32 in a form-fitting but releasable manner. In this exemplary embodiment, the drum core 32 is only connected to the opposite drum flange 33.

Eine mittige, durchgehende Trommelöffnung 39 ermöglicht das Aufsetzen auf einen drehbaren Tragzapfen 40 in der Verpackungsmaschine.A central, continuous drum opening 39 enables placement on a rotatable support pin 40 in the packaging machine.

Die Zuschnitte 23 des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels werden in einer Verpackungsmaschine für die Herstellung von Klappschachteln verarbeitet. In Fig. 4 und 5 sind im vorliegenden Zusammenhang interessierende Einzelheiten einer derartigen (im Prinzip bekannten) Verpackungsmaschine gezeigt.The blanks 23 of the present exemplary embodiment are processed in a packaging machine for the production of hinged boxes. 4 and 5 show interesting details of such a packaging machine (known in principle) in the present context.

An der Rückseite eines Maschinengestells 41 ist der nach rückwärts weisende Tragzapfen 40 gelagert, und zwar mit einem solchen Abstand vom Boden, daß eine Bobine 30 bzw. eine Trommel 31 mit geringem Abstand oberhalb des Bodens gehalten wird. Der Tragzapfen 40 ist drehbar angetrieben, und zwar durch einen Motor über ein Ritzel 42 und ein Zahnrad 43.On the back of a machine frame 41, the rearward-facing support pin 40 is mounted at such a distance from the floor that a bobbin 30 or drum 31 is held a short distance above the floor. The support pin 40 is rotatably driven by a motor via a pinion 42 and a gear 43.

Die Materialbahn 24 wird durch ein erstes Paar von Zugwalzen 44, 45 von der Bobine 30 bzw. Trommel 31 abgezogen. Die untere Zugwalze 45 mit größerem Durchmesser hat zugleich eine Umlenkfunktion. Mit Abstand über den Zugwalzen 44, 45 ist ein zweites Paar von Zugwalzen 46, 47 angeordnet, wobei wiederum die Zugwalze 47 mit größerem Durchmesser als Umlenkwalze wirkt zur Einförderung der Materialbahn 24 in eine horizontale Förderbahn 48. Zwischen den Zugwalzen 44, 45 einerseits und den Zugwalzen 46, 47 andererseits ist ein freier Durchhang 49 der Materialbahn 24 als kleiner Bahnvorrat gebildet. Der Durchhang 49 wird hinsichtlich der Größe durch eine Lichtschranke 50 überwacht.The material web 24 is pulled off the bobbin 30 or drum 31 by a first pair of pull rollers 44, 45. The lower pulling roller 45 with a larger diameter also has a deflecting function. A second pair of pulling rollers 46, 47 is arranged at a distance above the pulling rollers 44, 45, the pulling roller 47 with a larger diameter again acting as a deflecting roller for feeding the material web 24 into a horizontal conveying path 48. Between the pulling rollers 44, 45 on the one hand and the Pull rollers 46, 47, on the other hand, a free sag 49 of the material web 24 is formed as a small web supply. The sag 49 is monitored for size by a light barrier 50.

Im Bereich der horizontalen Förderbahn 48 erfolgt die Trennung der Zuschnitte 23 von der Materialbahn 24, und zwar durch Reißen. Zu diesem Zweck sind zwei Paare von Reißwalzen 51, 52 einerseits und 53 bzw. 54 andererseits mit Abstand in Förderrichtung voneinander angeordnet. Der Abstand der Reißwalzen 51, 52 einerseits von den Reißwalzen 53, 54 andererseits ist etwas geringer als die Breite eines Zuschnitts 23. Die Reißwalzen 53, 54 werden mit größerer Geschwindigkeit angetrieben als die Reißwalzen 51, 52. Dadurch wird der jeweils vordere Zuschnitt 23 der Materialbahn 24 von dieser abgerissen.In the area of the horizontal conveyor track 48, the blanks 23 are separated from the material track 24 by tearing. For this purpose, two pairs of tear rollers 51, 52 on the one hand and 53 and 54 on the other hand are arranged at a distance from one another in the conveying direction. Of the The distance of the tearing rollers 51, 52 on the one hand from the tearing rollers 53, 54, on the other hand, is somewhat less than the width of a blank 23. The tearing rollers 53, 54 are driven at a higher speed than the tearing rollers 51, 52. As a result, the respective front blank 23 of the material web 24 demolished from this.

Die abgetrennten Zuschnitte 23 werden beim vorliegenden Beispiel in einen aufrechten Zuschnittschacht 55 eingefördert, und zwar durch Förderwalzen 56. Dem Zuschnittschacht 55 werden nacheinander Zuschnittstapel 57 entnommen und durch einen Schieber 58 auf einen Querförderer 59 gegeben. Dieser transportiert aufeinanderfolgende Zuschnittstapel 57 in einen Bereich oberhalb eines in üblicher Weise ausgebildeten Zuschnittmagazins 60. Der jeweils ankommende Zuschnittstapel 57 wird durch eine Absenkplattform 61 in den oberen Bereich des Zuschnittmagazins 60 durch Abwärtsbewegung eingeführt. Die Absenkplattform 61 wird in der unteren Stellung in Querrichtung zurückgezogen (strichpunktierte Stellungen) und dann in die obere Aufnahmestellung für den nächsten Zuschnittstapel 57 zurückbewegt, und zwar durch entsprechend angetriebene Lenker 62.In the present example, the cut blanks 23 are fed into an upright blanking chute 55, specifically by conveyor rollers 56. Stacked blanks 57 are successively removed from the blanking chute 55 and placed on a cross conveyor 59 by a slide 58. This transports successive blank stacks 57 into an area above a custom-designed blank magazine 60. The respectively arriving blank stack 57 is inserted through a lowering platform 61 into the upper area of the blank magazine 60 by downward movement. The lowering platform 61 is retracted in the transverse direction in the lower position (dash-dotted positions) and then moved back into the upper receiving position for the next stack of blanks 57, namely by correspondingly driven links 62.

An der Unterseite des Zuschnittmagazins 60 werden Zuschnitte nacheinander durch einen bekannten Abroller 63 entnommen und über Förderorgane einem in Fig. 4 schematisch dargestellten Faltrevolver 64 zugeführt.On the underside of the blank magazine 60, blanks are removed one after the other by a known unwinder 63 and fed to a folding turret 64 shown schematically in FIG.

Die Verarbeitung der Zuschnitte 23 innerhalb einer Verpackungsmaschine kann auch in anderer Weise erfolgen.The processing of the blanks 23 within a packaging machine can also take place in another way.

Claims (4)

  1. Combination of a drum and of a material web (24) which is wound up on said drum to form a reel (30), having the following features:
    a) the drum exhibits a drum core (32) for receiving the reel (30) and, on both sides, in each case one drum flange (33, 34),
    b) the distance between the drum flanges (33, 34) is greater than the width of the material web (24) or the reel (30),
    c) an effective gap (36) is formed between a side of the bobbin (30), or of the material web (24), which is sensitive to mechanical loading and the adjacent drum flange (34),
    d) the reel (30) or the material web (24) bears, by way of a side which is less sensitive to mechanical loading, against the adjacent drum flange (33) or does not exhibit an effective gap.
  2. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one drum flange (34) can be removed from the drum core (32), in particular the drum flange located on the side of the gap (36).
  3. Combination according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material web (24) is formed by blanks (23) which are attached to one another via residual connections (25) and are each designed in a tapering manner on a side which, at the same time, is located at the border of the material web (24), and in that the effective gap (36) is provided between said side of the blanks (23) or of the material web (24) and the adjacent drum flange (34).
  4. Combination according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drum flanges (33, 34) are of a greater external diameter than the reel (30).
EP92107191A 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Device for receiving a web of packaging material Expired - Lifetime EP0497390B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3716897A DE3716897C2 (en) 1987-05-20 1987-05-20 Cuts for hinged boxes as a continuous material web
DE3716897 1987-05-20
EP88105942A EP0291692B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Procedure, wels and device for manufacturing of precut packaging

Related Parent Applications (1)

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EP88105942.2 Division 1988-04-14

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EP0497390A2 EP0497390A2 (en) 1992-08-05
EP0497390A3 EP0497390A3 (en) 1993-05-05
EP0497390B1 true EP0497390B1 (en) 1995-08-02

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EP92107191A Expired - Lifetime EP0497390B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Device for receiving a web of packaging material
EP88105942A Expired - Lifetime EP0291692B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Procedure, wels and device for manufacturing of precut packaging

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EP (2) EP0497390B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2542043B2 (en)
CN (2) CN1021307C (en)
BR (1) BR8802443A (en)
CA (1) CA1288989C (en)
DE (3) DE3716897C2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CN1027877C (en) 1995-03-15
CA1288989C (en) 1991-09-17
DE3882170D1 (en) 1993-08-12
DE3716897A1 (en) 1988-12-15
CN1021307C (en) 1993-06-23
DE3716897C2 (en) 2001-11-22
JP2542043B2 (en) 1996-10-09
EP0291692A2 (en) 1988-11-23
BR8802443A (en) 1988-12-13
EP0497390A2 (en) 1992-08-05
US4898569A (en) 1990-02-06
US5322235A (en) 1994-06-21
DE3854274D1 (en) 1995-09-07
US5316811A (en) 1994-05-31
EP0291692B1 (en) 1993-07-07
EP0291692A3 (en) 1990-07-11
CN1065238A (en) 1992-10-14
JPS63290724A (en) 1988-11-28
CN88102949A (en) 1988-11-30
EP0497390A3 (en) 1993-05-05

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