EP0291692A3 - Procedure, wels and device for manufacturing of precut packaging - Google Patents

Procedure, wels and device for manufacturing of precut packaging Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0291692A3
EP0291692A3 EP88105942A EP88105942A EP0291692A3 EP 0291692 A3 EP0291692 A3 EP 0291692A3 EP 88105942 A EP88105942 A EP 88105942A EP 88105942 A EP88105942 A EP 88105942A EP 0291692 A3 EP0291692 A3 EP 0291692A3
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wels
precut
packaging
procedure
manufacturing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88105942A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
EP0291692A2 (en
EP0291692B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Focke
Kurt Liedtke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Focke and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP92107191A priority Critical patent/EP0497390B1/en
Publication of EP0291692A2 publication Critical patent/EP0291692A2/en
Publication of EP0291692A3 publication Critical patent/EP0291692A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0291692B1 publication Critical patent/EP0291692B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H18/00Winding webs
    • B65H18/28Wound package of webs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/228Preparing and feeding blanks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/07Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles
    • B65D85/08Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular
    • B65D85/10Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular for cigarettes
    • B65D85/1036Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank
    • B65D85/1045Containers formed by erecting a rigid or semi-rigid blank having a cap-like lid hinged to an edge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31BMAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/02Feeding or positioning sheets, blanks or webs
    • B31B50/022Holders for feeding or positioning blanks or webs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31BMAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/14Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B31B50/16Cutting webs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2301/00Details of blanks
    • B65D2301/10Blanks mutually positioned to minimise waste material upon cutting out the individual blank from a continuous or large sheet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S493/00Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
    • Y10S493/901Rigid container
    • Y10S493/91Cigarette container
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S493/00Manufacturing container or tube from paper; or other manufacturing from a sheet or web
    • Y10S493/901Rigid container
    • Y10S493/91Cigarette container
    • Y10S493/911Flip-top
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/35Work-parting pullers [bursters]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/15Sheet, web, or layer weakened to permit separation through thickness
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24314Slit or elongated
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993Of paper
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/02Other than completely through work thickness
    • Y10T83/0207Other than completely through work thickness or through work presented
    • Y10T83/0215Including use of rotary scoring blade
    • Y10T83/0222Plural independent rotary scoring blades

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
EP88105942A 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Procedure, wels and device for manufacturing of precut packaging Expired - Lifetime EP0291692B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92107191A EP0497390B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Device for receiving a web of packaging material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3716897 1987-05-20
DE3716897A DE3716897C2 (en) 1987-05-20 1987-05-20 Cuts for hinged boxes as a continuous material web

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92107191.6 Division-Into 1992-04-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0291692A2 EP0291692A2 (en) 1988-11-23
EP0291692A3 true EP0291692A3 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0291692B1 EP0291692B1 (en) 1993-07-07

Family

ID=6327949

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92107191A Expired - Lifetime EP0497390B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Device for receiving a web of packaging material
EP88105942A Expired - Lifetime EP0291692B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Procedure, wels and device for manufacturing of precut packaging

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92107191A Expired - Lifetime EP0497390B1 (en) 1987-05-20 1988-04-14 Device for receiving a web of packaging material

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (3) US4898569A (en)
EP (2) EP0497390B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2542043B2 (en)
CN (2) CN1021307C (en)
BR (1) BR8802443A (en)
CA (1) CA1288989C (en)
DE (3) DE3716897C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3735675A1 (en) * 1987-10-22 1989-05-18 Focke & Co METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AND PROMOTING PACK CUT-OUTS
DE3735674A1 (en) * 1987-10-22 1989-05-03 Focke & Co DEVICE FOR PRODUCING (CIGARETTE) PACKS
DE3910986A1 (en) * 1989-04-05 1990-10-11 Focke & Co METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING (CIGARETTE) PACKS
US5151073A (en) * 1989-04-05 1992-09-29 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co.) Apparatus for the production of cigarette packs
DE3910987A1 (en) * 1989-04-05 1990-10-18 Focke & Co METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STORING (STORING) (PACK) CUTTINGS AND FEEDING THE SAME TO A FOLDING UNIT OF A PACKING MACHINE
DE3916756A1 (en) * 1989-05-23 1990-11-29 Focke & Co MATERIAL RAIL FROM CUT (PACKAGING) CUT TOGETHER
US5062582A (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-11-05 International Paper Company Apparatus and method for producing semi-converted diskette liners
DE3926621A1 (en) * 1989-08-11 1991-02-14 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Folded blank for hinge lid cigarette boxes - has specially designed side flaps for use with bobbins, avoiding side damage
DE4003451A1 (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-08-08 Focke & Co Method of supplying carton making machine with blanks
DE4234663A1 (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-04-21 Focke & Co Device for transporting packaging material in web form
GB9321148D0 (en) * 1993-10-13 1993-12-01 Molins Plc Package blank feeding
US5533691A (en) * 1994-08-18 1996-07-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Mandrel with twist lock apparatus
IT1274059B (en) * 1994-10-13 1997-07-14 Gd Spa RIGID PACKAGE WITH HINGED COVER FOR ELONGATED ELEMENTS, IN PARTICULAR CIGARETTE.
DE19726324A1 (en) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-24 Focke & Co Method and device for manufacturing hinged boxes
US5967788A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-10-19 Udoh; Justin P. Toy device for illustrating mathematics
IT1294165B1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-03-22 Gd Spa METHOD AND MACHINE FOR THE REALIZATION OF RIGID PACKAGES WITH HINGED LID.
DE19824281A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-02 Focke & Co Hinged box for cigarettes
CN1095437C (en) * 1998-12-01 2002-12-04 北京清华紫光泰和通环保技术有限公司 Cylindrical material folder
CL2004001164A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2005-05-20 Colgate Palmolive Co METHOD FOR WRAPPING PRODUCTS THAT HAVE A LARGER DIMENSION AND A LOWER DIMENSION, THAT INCLUDES PROVIDING A ROLL OF SHEETED MATERIAL; CUT LOTS OF EDGE OF SUCH ROLL; ENTER THE MODIFIED SHEET MATERIAL AND SEAL THE FINS
CN100457439C (en) * 2005-07-13 2009-02-04 蔡光起 Folding shaping mechanism of integrated cigarette marking paper biturning box cover and its folding technology
JP4735317B2 (en) * 2006-02-15 2011-07-27 大日本印刷株式会社 Packaging material cutting method, packaging material and packaging material cutting device
ITBO20110409A1 (en) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-09 Gd Spa MATERIAL PROCESSING DEVICE FOR CIGARETTE PACKAGE MATERIALS.
WO2013171019A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-21 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Arrangement in a creasing machine, and products obtained therefrom
CN103879029A (en) * 2014-04-18 2014-06-25 张文武 High-speed creasing and cutting technology for carton boxes
CN112895594B (en) * 2021-01-20 2023-02-28 蓝山县嘉鸿彩印有限公司 Full-automatic bottom-hooking box pasting machine

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE421009C (en) * 1924-04-08 1925-11-02 Paul Hickmann Process for the manufacture of paper bags
DE470357C (en) * 1925-04-25 1929-01-11 Maschf Device for the intermittent feeding of continuously conveyed paper webs to cutting and punching devices
DE647889C (en) * 1934-09-05 1937-07-15 Holweg Const Mec Method and apparatus for producing flat bags from the web
DE1802706A1 (en) * 1968-10-11 1971-12-16 Hassia Verpackung Ag Process for producing and, if necessary, filling and closing folding boxes
FR2119456A6 (en) * 1962-08-31 1972-08-04 Ft Products Ltd
DE2646421A1 (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-04-13 Roller Geschaeftsfuehrung Gmbh Match box interiors mfr. machine - uses carton strip moved by pull=out rollers with perforating pins and with punching and adhesive application devices
EP0187323A1 (en) * 1985-01-10 1986-07-16 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Method and device for the production of package blanks
US4654878A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-03-31 Signode Corporation Plastic bag chain

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US780689A (en) * 1899-11-06 1905-01-24 Aeolian Co Traveling music-roll.
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DE2300635C2 (en) * 1973-01-08 1983-08-25 Wupa-Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 4057 Brüggen Device for punching and creasing and / or embossing paper, cardboard or similar materials
US3834639A (en) * 1973-04-13 1974-09-10 W Barber Mount for cylindrical roll
US4117988A (en) * 1976-04-21 1978-10-03 Bedford Industries, Inc. Reel adapter for tie material and method of using the same
US4101095A (en) * 1977-06-24 1978-07-18 Amp Incorporated Adjustable and expandable spool or reel assembly
DE2844444C2 (en) * 1978-10-12 1984-09-20 Focke & Co, 2810 Verden Packaging, in particular cuboid cigarette packs, and processes for producing blanks for this packaging
JPS59157283U (en) * 1983-04-01 1984-10-22 ソニー株式会社 tape reel
JPS60106767A (en) * 1983-11-16 1985-06-12 Fujitsu Ltd Record paper spool
US4688708A (en) * 1984-01-09 1987-08-25 Pitney Bowes Inc. Bursting machine
US4597748A (en) * 1984-10-04 1986-07-01 Wolf Robert A Method and apparatus for forming gauze pads
DE3522614A1 (en) * 1985-06-25 1987-01-15 Focke & Co METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PACKINGS WITH BEEPED OR ROUNDED EDGES
EP0204933B1 (en) * 1985-05-02 1988-04-20 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Case with hinged lid for cigarettes or the like

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE421009C (en) * 1924-04-08 1925-11-02 Paul Hickmann Process for the manufacture of paper bags
DE470357C (en) * 1925-04-25 1929-01-11 Maschf Device for the intermittent feeding of continuously conveyed paper webs to cutting and punching devices
DE647889C (en) * 1934-09-05 1937-07-15 Holweg Const Mec Method and apparatus for producing flat bags from the web
FR2119456A6 (en) * 1962-08-31 1972-08-04 Ft Products Ltd
DE1802706A1 (en) * 1968-10-11 1971-12-16 Hassia Verpackung Ag Process for producing and, if necessary, filling and closing folding boxes
DE2646421A1 (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-04-13 Roller Geschaeftsfuehrung Gmbh Match box interiors mfr. machine - uses carton strip moved by pull=out rollers with perforating pins and with punching and adhesive application devices
US4654878A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-03-31 Signode Corporation Plastic bag chain
EP0187323A1 (en) * 1985-01-10 1986-07-16 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co.) Method and device for the production of package blanks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63290724A (en) 1988-11-28
EP0291692A2 (en) 1988-11-23
US4898569A (en) 1990-02-06
JP2542043B2 (en) 1996-10-09
EP0291692B1 (en) 1993-07-07
BR8802443A (en) 1988-12-13
CA1288989C (en) 1991-09-17
DE3716897A1 (en) 1988-12-15
CN1065238A (en) 1992-10-14
CN88102949A (en) 1988-11-30
DE3716897C2 (en) 2001-11-22
DE3854274D1 (en) 1995-09-07
CN1021307C (en) 1993-06-23
CN1027877C (en) 1995-03-15
US5316811A (en) 1994-05-31
DE3882170D1 (en) 1993-08-12
EP0497390A2 (en) 1992-08-05
EP0497390B1 (en) 1995-08-02
US5322235A (en) 1994-06-21
EP0497390A3 (en) 1993-05-05

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