EP0495765B1 - Etoffe non tissée utilisée comme sous-couche d'un tissu de recouvrement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes - Google Patents

Etoffe non tissée utilisée comme sous-couche d'un tissu de recouvrement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0495765B1
EP0495765B1 EP92870007A EP92870007A EP0495765B1 EP 0495765 B1 EP0495765 B1 EP 0495765B1 EP 92870007 A EP92870007 A EP 92870007A EP 92870007 A EP92870007 A EP 92870007A EP 0495765 B1 EP0495765 B1 EP 0495765B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibres
thickness
covering
fabric
bonded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92870007A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0495765A1 (fr
Inventor
Joseph Van Kerrebrouck
Hendrik Vercouter
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Libeltex NV
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Libeltex NV
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0495765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0495765A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S297/00—Chairs and seats
    • Y10S297/05—Fireproof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/268—Monolayer with structurally defined element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2848—Three or more layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
    • Y10T428/2905—Plural and with bonded intersections only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2975—Tubular or cellular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y10T442/378—Coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded
    • Y10T442/3813—Coating or impregnation contains synthetic polymeric material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a nonwoven fabric as an underlay for a fabric for covering seats intended for the transport of persons by road, rail or air.
  • the invention also relates to the seat covering composed of a fabric laminated or not with said fabric, as well as the seat intended for the transport of persons, comprising this covering.
  • nonwoven fabric is meant what is usually called a nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven web or a felt.
  • a seat generally comprises 1) a support ensuring the ergonomic comfort of the user of the seat; this support is generally made of dense foam, springs or bands, 2 °) a padding layer made of a less dense foam than that constituting the support (and possibly separated from the support by a separating film) and 3 °) a covering fabric.
  • the padding layer and the covering fabric are responsible for the thermophysiological aspect of comfort.
  • a seat thus formed is particularly insulating, which results in the release of sweat by the user. If this perspiration is not quickly evacuated, an unpleasant feeling of humidity follows.
  • the insulating effect of the seat is mainly due to the large thickness of dense foam constituting the support, to the film separating the dense foam from the padding foam and to the closed character of the padding foam which contains a multitude of air bubbles. .
  • the humidity must therefore be eliminated either by the sides, either by ventilation, that is to say by pumping effect due to movements and vibrations.
  • the object of the present invention is to use a non-woven fabric as an underlayer of the fabric for covering a seat, replacing the layer of foam padding. It is particularly intended that the nonwoven fabric used according to the invention fulfills both the functions of padding layer and thermophysiological comfort layer.
  • the present invention aims to use a non-woven fabric which is capable of rapidly absorbing the perspiration emitted by the user of the seat, at the level of the contact zone between the user and the seat.
  • the fabric used according to the invention has, by its hydrophilic nature, the capacity to rapidly absorb moisture before transporting it to the outside.
  • Another object of the present invention is to use a nonwoven fabric capable of transporting moisture in a direction parallel to the surface of the fabric.
  • the present invention also aims to use a non-woven fabric allowing the evacuation of moisture by ventilation.
  • the fabric used according to the invention has sufficient compressive strength and elasticity characteristics to allow absorption, transport and evacuation of moisture.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a non-woven fabric as an underlayer of a fabric for covering seats intended for the transport of persons (by road, rail or air), replacing the traditional layer of padding in foam.
  • the nonwoven fabric used according to the invention is produced by the dry process. It has a density between 20 and 100 kg / m3 and, preferably, between between 30 and 60 kg / m3 and a thickness between 4 and 40 mm and, preferably, between 8 and 12 mm.
  • the nonwoven fabric used according to the invention comprises at least 50% of synthetic fibers, preferably chosen from polyester, polyamide, polyoxyamide fibers, or fibers of the "superabsorbent” type or a mixture of these different fibers.
  • fibers of the "superabsorbent” type is meant fibers having an absorption capacity greater than 100%, that is to say fibers absorbing more than 1 g of water per gram of fiber.
  • the "superabsorbent" fibers used are, for example, those sold under the names Lansael®, Fibersorb® or Bemliese®.
  • the synthetic fibers chosen are polyester fibers.
  • the fibers used are preferably hydrophilic or made hydrophilic by an appropriate treatment.
  • the synthetic fibers used in the composition of the fabric used according to the invention have a thickness between 3 and 40 dtex and, preferably, between 6 and 20 dtex and a length between 2 and 12 cm and, preferably, between 5 and 7.5 cm.
  • the nonwoven fabric used according to the invention can comprise up to 50% of natural and / or artificial fibers which can be, for example, cellulose fibers (cotton, rayon, viscose) or wool.
  • the fibers making up the fabric used according to the invention are bonded by needling.
  • said fibers are linked both by needling and by thermal bonding.
  • the nonwoven fabric must contain a certain percentage of "thermobonding" fibers.
  • thermobonding fibers fibers whose melting point is lower than that of the main fibers, or fibers having a surface layer whose melting point is lower than that of the part fiber interior (“two-component" fibers).
  • the fibers are linked both by needling and by chemical bonding.
  • This chemical bonding is carried out by spraying the fibers with a resin which can be, for example, an aqueous emulsion of polyacrylate or polyurethane resin.
  • the nonwoven fabric used according to the invention has sufficient compressive strength so that, when subjected to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm2 (which corresponds to the pressure exerted by the weight of an average person ), it retains a minimum thickness of 2 mm.
  • this minimum thickness is 4 mm.
  • This minimum thickness of 2 mm or even 4 mm is necessary to allow the fabric to absorb the perspiration emitted by the seat user, and to allow the fabric to transport this moisture in a direction parallel to the surface. fabric, or transport it by ventilation.
  • the subject of the invention is also a covering of seats intended for the transport of persons, comprising a covering fabric and a nonwoven fabric, this fabric having the characteristics listed above.
  • the covering fabric and the nonwoven fabric can be laminated by one of the techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • This lamination can, for example, be carried out using a sizing means such as a dispersion, an emulsion or an adhesive solution or such as a powder, a film or a thermoplastic coating.
  • This sizing means can be applied, for example, by spraying, dusting, impregnation or printing.
  • the present invention also relates to a covering material for seats intended for the transport of persons, consisting of a covering fabric laminated to a nonwoven fabric; this fabric having the characteristics listed above.
  • the lamination can be carried out according to one of the techniques known to those skilled in the art and listed above.
  • the invention relates to a seat intended for the transport of persons (by road, rail or air), having a covering or a covering material according to the invention.
  • the nonwoven fabric used according to the invention comprises two types of fibers which are presented as a mixture under the reference "D-291 Quallofil®" from the company Dupont de Nemours. It is a mixture of thermobonding fibers and polyester fibers of 13 dtex, hollow, with four channels, the percentage of hollow volume being greater than 23% of the total volume of the fiber. The length of the fibers is 7 to 8 cm. A special finish gives this fiber a smooth, hydrophilic surface and a reduced flammability character.
  • the fiber mixture was carded and coated using techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the fibers were then bonded by needling and then by thermal bonding.
  • the fabric thus obtained has a thickness of 10 mm and an apparent density of 40 kg / m3. It has a compressive strength such that, when subjected to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm2, this fabric retains a thickness of 8.5 mm.
  • This nonwoven fabric has been tested, in comparison with a standard foam on a "skin model" according to DIN 504-101 Part 1.
  • This standard is also proposed as a draft standard under the reference ISO / TC 38 / SC 8:15 a.m.
  • the parameters tested are as follows: thermal resistance: R ct (measured in m2 K / w), resistance for moisture transport: R and (measured in m2 mbar / w) and the moisture absorption capacity Fi (expressed in%) (weight of water absorbed per dry weight of product).
  • R ct measured in m2 K / w
  • R and measured in m2 mbar / w
  • Fi moisture absorption capacity
  • the ventilation speed is 32% ((1.279-0.867) / 1.279) for the nonwoven fabric and 23% ((1.715-1.318) / 1.715) for the foam layer; which means that the effect of vibrations and movements provides a greater increase in the transfer of moisture in the case of the nonwoven fabric than in the case of the foam layer.
  • the fiber mixture was carded and coated using techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the fibers were then bonded by needling and thermal bonding.
  • the fabric thus obtained has a thickness of 11 mm and an apparent density of 35 kg / m3. It has a compressive strength such that, when subjected to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm2, it retains a thickness of 7 mm.
  • the covering of seats for transporting people according to the invention comprises the nonwoven fabric, the characteristics of which are given in Example 1, and the covering fabric "MILPOINT®" from the company Guilford.
  • thermoplastic powder of the copolyester type applied by dusting.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Outer Garments And Coats (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Toilet Supplies (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

  • L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'une étoffe non tissée comme sous-couche d'un tissu de recouvrement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes par route, rail ou air. L'invention concerne également le revêtement de siège composé d'un tissu contrecollé ou non avec ladite étoffe, ainsi que le siège destiné au transport de personnes, comportant ce revêtement.
  • Par étoffe non tissée, on entend ce que l'on appelle habituellement un tissu non tissé, une nappe non tissée ou un feutre.
  • Pour assurer le confort de l'utilisateur, un siège comprend généralement 1°) un support assurant le confort ergonomique de l'utilisateur du siège; ce support est généralement constitué de mousse dense, de ressorts ou de bandes, 2°) une couche de rembourrage constituée d'une mousse moins dense que celle constituant le support (et éventuellement séparée du support par un film de séparation) et 3°) un tissu de recouvrement. La couche de rembourrage et le tissu de recouvrement sont responsables de l'aspect thermophysiologique du confort.
  • Un siège ainsi constitué est particulièrement isolant, ce qui entraîne un dégagement de sueur par l'utilisateur. Si cette transpiration n'est pas rapidement évacuée, il s'ensuit une sensation désagréable d'humidité.
  • L'effet isolant du siège est principalement dû à l'importante épaisseur de mousse dense constituant le support, au film séparant la mousse dense de la mousse de rembourrage et au caractère fermé de la mousse de rembourrage qui renferme une multitude de bulles d'air.
  • L'évacuation de l'humidité due à la transpiration de l'utilisateur ne peut se faire à travers l'épaisseur du siège, car le bloc de mousse constituant le support bloque le transport d'humidité.
  • L'humidité doit donc s'éliminer soit par les côtés, soit par ventilation, c'est-à-dire par effet de pompage dû aux mouvements et aux vibrations.
  • La présente invention a pour but d'utiliser une étoffe non tissée comme sous-couche du tissu de recouvrement d'un siège, en remplacement de la couche de rembourrage en mousse. Il est notamment visé que l'étoffe non tissée utilisée suivant l'invention remplisse, à la fois les fonctions de couche de rembourrage et de couche de confort thermophysiologique.
  • Plus particulièrement, la présente invention a pour but d'utiliser une étoffe non tissée qui soit capable d'absorber rapidement la transpiration émise par l'utilisateur du siège, au niveau de la zone de contact entre l'utilisateur et le siège.
  • Il est donc visé que l'étoffe mise en oeuvre suivant l'invention ait, de par son caractère hydrophile, la capacité d'absorber rapidement l'humidité avant de la transporter vers l'extérieur.
  • Un autre but de la présente invention est d'utiliser une étoffe non tissée capable de transporter l'humidité dans une direction parallèle à la surface de l'étoffe.
  • La présente invention a également pour but d'utiliser une étoffe non tissée permettant l'évacuation de l'humidité par ventilation.
  • Il est notamment visé que l'étoffe utilisée suivant l'invention ait des caractéristiques de résistance à la compression et d'élasticité suffisantes pour permettre l'absorption, le transport et l'évacuation de l'humidité.
  • La présente invention a pour objet l'utilisation d'une étoffe non tissée comme sous-couche d'un tissu de recouvrement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes (par route, rail ou air), en remplacement de la traditionnelle couche de rembourrage en mousse.
  • L'étoffe non tissée utilisée suivant l'invention est produite par voie sèche. Elle possède une densité comprise entre 20 et 100 kg/m³ et, de préférence, comprise entre 30 et 60 kg/m³ et une épaisseur comprise entre 4 et 40 mm et, de préférence, comprise entre 8 et 12 mm.
  • L'étoffe non tissée mise en oeuvre selon l'invention comporte au minimum 50% de fibres synthétiques, de préférence choisies parmi les fibres de polyester, de polyamide, de polyoxyamide, ou les fibres du type "superabsorbant" ou un mélange de ces différentes fibres. Par fibres du type "superabsorbant", on entend des fibres ayant une capacité d'absorption supérieure à 100% c'est-à-dire des fibres absorbant plus d'1 g d'eau par gramme de fibre. Les fibres "superabsorbantes" utilisées sont, par exemple, celles commercialisées sous les noms Lansael®, Fibersorb® ou Bemliese®.
  • Avantageusement, les fibres synthétiques choisies sont des fibres de polyester. Les fibres utilisées sont, de préférence, hydrophiles ou rendues hydrophiles par un traitement approprié.
  • Les fibres synthétiques entrant dans la composition de l'étoffe utilisée suivant l'invention ont une épaisseur comprise entre 3 et 40 dtex et, de préférence, comprise entre 6 et 20 dtex et une longueur comprise entre 2 et 12 cm et, de préférence, comprise entre 5 et 7,5 cm.
  • L'étoffe non tissée utilisée selon l'invention peut comporter jusqu'à 50% de fibres naturelles et/ou artificielles qui peuvent être, par exemple, des fibres de cellulose (coton, rayonne, viscose) ou de laine.
  • Les fibres composant l'étoffe mise en oeuvre suivant l'invention sont liées par aiguilletage.
  • Dans une forme particulière d'exécution de l'invention, lesdites fibres sont liées à la fois par aiguilletage et par liage thermique. Dans ce cas, l'étoffe non tissée doit contenir un certain pourcentage de fibres "thermoliantes".
  • On entend par fibres thermoliantes des fibres dont le point de fusion est inférieur à celui des fibres principales, ou des fibres ayant une couche superficielle dont le point de fusion est inférieur à celui de la partie intérieure de la fibre (fibres "bicomposantes").
  • Dans une autre forme de réalisation de l'invention, les fibres sont liées à la fois par aiguilletage et par liage chimique. Ce liage chimique est réalisé par aspersion des fibres avec une résine qui peut être, par exemple, une émulsion aqueuse de résine de polyacrylate ou de polyuréthane.
  • L'étoffe non tissée utilisée suivant l'invention possède une résistance à la compression suffisante pour que, lorsqu'elle est soumise à une pression statique de 20 cN/cm² (ce qui correspond à la pression exercée par le poids d'une personne moyenne), elle conserve une épaisseur minimale de 2 mm. Avantageusement, cette épaisseur minimale est de 4 mm.
  • Cette épaisseur minimale de 2 mm, voire 4 mm, est nécessaire pour permettre à l'étoffe d'absorber la transpiration émise par l'utilisateur du siège, et pour permettre à l'étoffe de transporter cette humidité dans une direction parallèle à la surface de l'étoffe, ou de la transporter par ventilation.
  • L'invention a également pour objet un revêtement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes, comportant un tissu de recouvrement et une étoffe non tissée, cette étoffe ayant les caractéristiques énumérées ci-dessus.
  • Dans une autre forme de réalisation du revêtement suivant l'invention, le tissu de recouvrement et l'étoffe non tissée peuvent être contrecollés par une des techniques connues de l'homme de métier. Ce contrecollage peut, par exemple, être réalisé à l'aide d'un moyen d'encollage tel qu'une dispersion, une émulsion ou une solution de colle ou tel qu'une poudre, un film ou un enduit thermoplastique. Ce moyen d'encollage peut être appliqué, par exemple, par pulvérisation, saupoudrage, imprégnation ou impression.
  • La présente invention a encore pour objet une matière de revêtement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes, consistant en un tissu de recouvrement contrecollé à une étoffe non tissée; cette étoffe ayant les caractéristiques énumérées ci-dessus. Le contrecollage peut être effectué selon l'une des techniques connues de l'homme de métier et énumérées précédemment.
  • De plus, l'invention a pour objet un siège destiné au transport de personnes (par route, rail ou air), possédant un revêtement ou une matière de revêtement suivant l'invention.
  • Des caractéristiques supplémentaires de l'invention apparaîtront encore au cours de la description des exemples de réalisation de l'invention, ces exemples n'étant nullement limitatifs.
    • EXEMPLE 1.-
  • L'étoffe non tissée mise en oeuvre suivant l'invention comporte deux types de fibres qui sont présentés en mélange sous la référence "D-291 Quallofil®" de la société Dupont de Nemours. Il s'agit d'un mélange de fibres thermoliantes et de fibres de polyester de 13 dtex, creuses, à quatre canaux, le pourcentage de volume creux étant supérieur à 23% du volume total de la fibre. La longueur des fibres est de 7 à 8 cm. Une finition particulière procure à cette fibre une surface lisse, hydrophile et un caractère d'inflammabilité réduit.
  • Le mélange de fibres a été cardé et nappé selon les techniques bien connues de l'homme de métier. Les fibres ont alors été liées par aiguilletage puis par liage thermique.
  • L'étoffe ainsi obtenue a une épaisseur de 10 mm et une densité apparente de 40 kg/m³. Elle présente une résistance à la compression telle que, lorsqu'elle est soumise à une pression statique de 20 cN/cm², cette étoffe conserve une épaisseur de 8,5 mm.
  • Cette étoffe non tissée a été testée, en comparaison avec une mousse standard sur un "modèle-peau" selon la norme DIN 504-101 Teil 1. Cette norme est par ailleurs proposée comme projet de norme sous la référence ISO/TC 38/SC 8 H 156.
  • Les paramètres testés sont les suivants : la résistance thermique : Rct (mesurée en m² K/w), la résistance au transport d'humidité : Ret (mesurée en m² mbar/w) et la capacité d'absorption de l'humidité Fi (exprimée en %) (poids d'eau absorbée par poids sec de produit). Ces trois paramètres ont été mesurés en conditions statiques, c'est-à-dire en soumettant l'étoffe non tissée ou la mousse à une charge statique de 20 cN/cm². Les trois paramètres ont également été mesurés en conditions dynamiques, c'est-à-dire en soumettant l'étoffe non tissée ou la mousse à des impulsions de 20 cN/cm², 2 fois par seconde.
  • Le quatrième paramètre mesuré est la vitesse de ventilation : V exprimée en % et répondant à la formule suivante : V= R et en conditions statiques - R et en conditions dynamiques R et en conditions statiques
    Figure imgb0001
  • Les résultats de ces tests comparatifs sont rassemblés dans les tableaux suivants :
    • conditions statiques :
      Figure imgb0002
    • conditions dynamiques :
      Figure imgb0003
  • On peut conclure de ces tableaux que, bien qu'ayant une résistance thermique légèrement supérieure, l'étoffe non tissée possède une plus faible résistance au transport de l'humidité et une meilleure capacité d'absorption de l'humidité que la couche de mousse.
  • La vitesse de ventilation s'élève pour l'étoffe non tissée à 32% ((1,279-0,867)/1,279) et pour la couche de mousse à 23% ((1,715-1,318)/1,715); ce qui signifie que l'effet des vibrations et des mouvements apporte une augmentation plus importante du transfert d'humidité dans le cas de l'étoffe non tissée que dans le cas de la couche de mousse.
    • EXEMPLE 2.-
  • L'étoffe non tissée utilisée selon l'invention comporte trois types de fibres :
    • 1) et 2) Un mélange standard de deux types de fibres, portant la référence"D-291 Quallofil®" de la société Dupont de Nemours, consistant en des fibres du type "thermoliantes" et des fibres de polyester de 13 dtex, creuses à quatre canaux et dont la longueur varie entre 7 et 8 cm.
    • 3) La fibre "Vivrelle®" de type 950 de la société SNIA, d'une épaisseur de 3,3 dtex et d'une longueur variant de 3,5 à 4,5 cm.
  • Ces trois types de fibres ont été mélangés dans un rapport de 70% du mélange "D-291 Quallofil®" pour 30% de fibres "Vivrelle®".
  • Le mélange de fibres a été cardé et nappé selon les techniques bien connues de l'homme de métier. Les fibres ont alors été liées par aiguilletage et liage thermique.
  • L'étoffe ainsi obtenue a une épaisseur de 11 mm et une densité apparente de 35 kg/m³. Elle possède une résistance à la compression telle que, lorsqu'elle est soumise à une pression statique de 20 cN/cm², elle conserve une épaisseur de 7 mm.
    • EXEMPLE 3.-
  • Le revêtement de sièges pour le transport de personnes suivant l'invention comporte l'étoffe non tissée dont les caractéristiques sont données à l'exemple 1, et le tissu de revêtement "MILPOINT®" de la société Guilford.
  • Cette étoffe et ce tissu ont été contrecollés au moyen d'une poudre thermoplaste du type copolyester appliquée par saupoudrage.

Claims (19)

  1. Utilisation d'une étoffe non tissée comme sous-couche d'un tissu de recouvrement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes par route, rail ou air, ladite étoffe étant produite par voie sèche, possédant une densité apparente comprise entre 20 et 100 kg/m³ et une épaisseur comprise entre 4 et 40 mm et comportant au minimum 50% de fibres synthétiques d'une épaisseur comprise entre 3 et 40 dtex et d'une longueur comprise entre 2 et 12 cm, liées par aiguilletage, ladite étoffe ayant une épaisseur minimale de 2 mm lorsqu'on y applique une pression statique de 20 cN/cm².
  2. Utilisation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite étoffe possède une densité apparente comprise entre 30 et 60 kg/m³.
  3. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite étoffe possède une épaisseur comprise entre 8 et 12 mm.
  4. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fibres synthétiques sont choisies parmi le groupe comprenant les fibres de polyester, les fibres de polyamide, les fibres de polyoxyamide ou les fibres du type "superabsorbant" ou un mélange de ces fibres.
  5. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fibres ont une épaisseur comprise entre 6 et 20 dtex.
  6. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fibres ont une longueur comprise entre 5 et 7,5 cm.
  7. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fibres sont liées à la fois par aiguilletage et par liage thermique.
  8. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que lesdites fibres sont liées à la fois par aiguilletage et par liage chimique.
  9. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite étoffe a une épaisseur minimale de 4 mm lorsqu'on y applique une pression statique de 20 cN/cm².
  10. Revêtement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un tissu de recouvrement et une étoffe non tissée produite par voie sèche, ladite étoffe possédant une densité apparente comprise entre 20 et 100 kg/m³ et une épaisseur comprise entre 4 et 40 mm, et comportant au minimum 50% de fibres synthétiques d'une épaisseur de 3 à 40 dtex et d'une longueur de 2 à 12 cm, liées par aiguilletage, ladite étoffe ayant une épaisseur minimale de 2 mm lorsqu'on y applique une pression statique de 20 cN/cm².
  11. Revêtement suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite étoffe est contrecollée audit tissu de recouvrement.
  12. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisé en ce que ladite étoffe possède une densité apparente comprise entre 30 et 60 kg/m³.
  13. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite étoffe possède une épaisseur comprise entre 8 et 12 mm.
  14. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fibres synthétiques sont choisies parmi le groupe comprenant les fibres de polyester, les fibres de polyamide, les fibres de polyoxyamide ou les fibres du type "superabsorbant" ou un mélange de ces fibres.
  15. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les fibres ont une épaisseur comprise entre 6 et 20 dtex.
  16. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fibres ont une longueur comprise entre 5 et 7,5 cm.
  17. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 16, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fibres sont liées à la fois par aiguilletage et par liage thermique.
  18. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 16, caractérisé en ce que lesdites fibres sont liées à la fois par aiguilletage et par liage chimique.
  19. Revêtement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 18, caractérisé en ce que ladite étoffe a une épaisseur minimale de 4 mm lorsqu'on y applique une pression statique de 20 cN/cm².
EP92870007A 1991-01-11 1992-01-10 Etoffe non tissée utilisée comme sous-couche d'un tissu de recouvrement de sièges destinés au transport de personnes Expired - Lifetime EP0495765B1 (fr)

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JPH02154050A (ja) * 1988-12-01 1990-06-13 Kanebo Ltd クッション材とその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69200003D1 (de) 1993-06-17
ATE89346T1 (de) 1993-05-15
EP0495765A1 (fr) 1992-07-22
FI920081A (fi) 1992-07-12
DE69200003T2 (de) 1993-12-02
NO300764B1 (no) 1997-07-21
IE66399B1 (en) 1995-12-27
US5292577A (en) 1994-03-08
WO1994001609A1 (fr) 1994-01-20
JPH055260A (ja) 1993-01-14
FR2671565B1 (fr) 1993-04-30
JP2638706B2 (ja) 1997-08-06
IE920082A1 (en) 1992-07-15
NO920141L (no) 1992-07-13
FR2671565A1 (fr) 1992-07-17
FI920081A0 (fi) 1992-01-08
DK0495765T3 (da) 1993-08-30
NO920141D0 (no) 1992-01-10
ES2041205T3 (es) 1993-11-01

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