EP0494919B1 - Slab-like concrete block, as well as process and device for manufacturing the latter - Google Patents

Slab-like concrete block, as well as process and device for manufacturing the latter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0494919B1
EP0494919B1 EP90914694A EP90914694A EP0494919B1 EP 0494919 B1 EP0494919 B1 EP 0494919B1 EP 90914694 A EP90914694 A EP 90914694A EP 90914694 A EP90914694 A EP 90914694A EP 0494919 B1 EP0494919 B1 EP 0494919B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
concrete
absorption layer
shaped
mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90914694A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0494919A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Hagenah
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SF Kooperation GmbH Beton Konzepte
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SF Kooperation GmbH Beton Konzepte
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E01C5/065—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders characterised by their structure or component materials, e.g. concrete layers of different structure, special additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plate-shaped concrete block for covering streets, paths and squares.
  • Concrete blocks or paving stones are superior to black ceilings and other related covers as ground cover for streets, paths and squares in many ways.
  • the development of noise during rolling traffic (from vehicles) is perceived as disadvantageous.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a paving stone or shaped concrete block which, while maintaining the advantages of paving stones as a ground cover, significantly reduces the noise development due to the rolling traffic.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a noticeable reduction in the development of noise during rolling traffic can be achieved by the interaction of several features in the design of the paving stones or concrete blocks and the soil cover produced therefrom.
  • a significant contribution to sound absorption is made by the upper cross-sectional area of the concrete block, namely by the absorption layer made of porous concrete.
  • Paving stones with a layer of porous concrete are generally known.
  • the covering layer made of porous concrete serves to drain surface water. The sound-absorbing effect of the porous concrete has not yet been recognized.
  • the shaped concrete blocks are designed with a larger format, namely plate-shaped. Dimensions with an edge length of at least 30 cm, in particular square shaped concrete blocks with an edge length of 33 cm, have proven to be advantageous for noise reduction.
  • the porous concrete absorption layer is formed on the underside with a curvature so that the surface water can run off to the sides of the concrete block.
  • the concrete shaped blocks according to the invention are laid at very short distances from one another, that is to say with very narrow joints. This makes it difficult to drain the surface water.
  • the concrete blocks are therefore provided with upright water drainage channels, namely slots, on the side surfaces. These extend immediately below the absorption layer, so that the surface water reaches the upright slots and then the underground.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention.
  • DE-A-39 09 169 shows a method for producing a molded block with two layers.
  • the top of the molded block is shaped downwards.
  • a thin layer of rock is poured into the mold and pressed.
  • a layer of concrete is poured in and also pressed.
  • flat surfaces are created on the shaped stones.
  • the shaped block according to the invention cannot be produced with this device.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the shaped stone is shaped with its upper side facing downwards in a mold, firstly a facing filler for forming the absorption layer and then a core filler for forming the stone body is poured and shaped into the mold in such a way that both the front filler as well as the core filling are arched, such that both fillings have a greater height at the edges.
  • the invention relates to a system for producing the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention.
  • FR-A-2 493 214 shows a system for producing a two-layer concrete block, in which a stamp with a relief-like underside is used. With this stamp, however, only the upper layer is pressed in such a way that a relief-like visible surface is created on the concrete block. Such a system is not suitable for the production of the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in that the mold stamp is curved such that both fillings can be shaped at a greater height at the edges.
  • Fig. 1 shows a shaped block 11 according to the invention, made of concrete in vertical section.
  • the shaped stone 11 consists of two layers, of which the first layer is the actual stone body 12, on which the second layer, an absorption layer 13, which is sound-absorbent, is applied.
  • the absorption layer 13 has a smooth upper side 14 which is part of the road surface in the case of a paving slab made of shaped stones 11. Since the top 14 is smooth, the rolling noise on the stone 11 is reduced.
  • the top 14 is formed with sharp edges, so no bevels are provided on the edges of the top 14.
  • the absorption layer 13 is porous.
  • the absorption layer 13 preferably has a grain size of 4 mm to 8 mm. This grain is cement-bound.
  • the binding can be achieved by additional binders, e.g. Plastic, preferably polymers, or silicate, be reinforced.
  • the top 15 of the stone body 12 on which the absorption layer 13 is applied is convex. It therefore has a dome shape, so that water or other liquids flow on this upper side 15 from the center to the edges.
  • the shaped block 11 has vertical slots 16, which are introduced into the side surface and through which the liquid can flow from the upper side 15 of the stone body 12 to the underside of the shaped block 11 and can then seep into the ground.
  • the slots 16 only extend from the underside 17 of the shaped block 11 to the absorption layer 13, and therefore do not run through the absorption layer 13. This ensures that the edges of the upper side 14 remain sharp-edged all around, that is to say there are no openings in the edge regions of the upper side 14.
  • paving stones to form a road surface can meet closely or almost completely, resulting in an almost seamless road surface on which the rolling noise of traffic is minimized.
  • the molded block 11 is shown somewhat compactly in FIG. 1, but it is preferably formed as large as possible in the form of a plate. Shaped stones 11 have proven to be favorable, the edge length (in the plan) being at least 30 cm. Optimal results are achieved with a shaped block 11 which is square with an edge length of 33 cm. In order to achieve an optimal support of the shaped stone 11 on a pavement base, the shaped stone 11 has a concave arch 18 on its underside 17. In the edge areas of the underside 17, peripheral bevels 19 are formed, which are relatively steep.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the shaped block 11 according to the invention according to FIG. 1.
  • the same components are identified in FIG. 2 as in the other figures, with the same reference numbers as in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows the shaped block 11 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a top view.
  • the porous upper side 14 is only indicated by dots in a corner region.
  • the arrangement of the slots 16 on the side surfaces of the shaped block 11 can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a manufacturing plant for the production of shaped blocks 11 according to FIGS. 1 and 3 in a schematic side view.
  • the production system comprises a vibrating table 20 on which a molding box 21 with molds 22 for shaping molded blocks 11 according to the invention is arranged.
  • This molding box 21 can be shaken in an up and down movement with the vibrating table 20, as indicated by a double arrow.
  • the production system further comprises two filling wagons 24a, b which can be moved on rails 23 and in which the two fillings for producing the two layers 13 and 12 of a shaped block 11 are stored.
  • At least the filling car 24a that receives the prefill for the manufacture of the absorption layer 13 has a metering device for the metered filling of prefill fillings to form absorption layers 13 in the molds 22.
  • mold dies 25 which can be lowered into the molds 22 are arranged.
  • the mold stamps 25 are suspended from a cross member 26 and can be moved up and down hydraulically, for example.
  • a header filling is first filled into the molds 22 and by lowering the mold stamp 25 into the mold Molds 22 formed into absorption layers 13.
  • the core filling is then filled into the molds 22 to form stone bodies 12. These are then also shaped by lowering the die 25 and compressed by shaking with the shaking table 20.
  • the shaped stones 11 are thus produced with their top 14 downward.
  • the formation of a sharp-edged top 14 is guaranteed.
  • FIG. 5 shows a road surface 27 made from shaped stones 11 according to the invention in a vertical section.
  • the shaped stones 11 Because of their specially designed underside 17, the shaped stones 11 have a particularly firm position on the material 28 of the paving base. In particular, the edge areas of the underside 17 between the bevels 19 and the arch 18 lie firmly on the material 29.
  • This road surface 30 consists of conventional paving stones 31.
  • the pressure curve P-X of the conventional road surface 30 has been indicated by the representation of the conventional road surface 30 in FIG. 6. It can be seen that the conventional paving stones 31 lie with their central areas with the highest pressure on the material 32 of a paving base. This leads to the fact that the conventional paving stones 31 are set into a rocking movement when subjected to traffic, as has been indicated in FIG. 7. Material 32 is pressed from the edge areas of the undersides of the paving stones 31 partly under the paving stones 31 to the middle and partly pumped up through the joints 33 between the paving stones 31. As a result, the pressure curve indicated in FIG. 6 becomes even more extreme, so that the rocking effect indicated in FIG. 7 becomes increasingly worse and the paving stones lose their hold more and more. Such rocking paving stones 31 even increase the driving noise of the vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP90/01672 Sec. 371 Date May 19, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date May 19, 1992 PCT Filed Oct. 5, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/05111 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 18, 1991.In the case of earth coverings made from concrete paving slabs, the noise generated by rolling traffic is disadvantageous. In order to reduce the generation of noise, plate-shaped concrete blocks exhibiting a significantly larger format than traditional paving slabs are proposed. The top side of the concrete blocks consists of a sound absorption layer (13) of porous concrete. On the bottom side, the concrete block is curved inwards, so that the fringe areas are subjected to a higher load. This results in a stable situation. For the purpose of draining off the surface water, the concrete block is equipped at the sides with upright slots (16), which adjoin the absorption layer (13) of porous concrete.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen plattenförmigen Beton-Formstein zur Abdeckung von Straßen, Wegen und Plätzen.The invention relates to a plate-shaped concrete block for covering streets, paths and squares.

Beton-Formsteine bzw. Pflastersteine sind als Erdreichabdeckung für Straßen, Wege und Plätze Schwarzdecken und anderen zusammenhängenden Abdeckungen in vielerlei Hinsicht überlegen. Als nachteilig wird jedoch die Geräuschentwicklung bei rollendem Verkehr (durch Fahrzeuge) empfunden.Concrete blocks or paving stones are superior to black ceilings and other related covers as ground cover for streets, paths and squares in many ways. However, the development of noise during rolling traffic (from vehicles) is perceived as disadvantageous.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Pflasterstein bzw. Beton-Formstein vorzuschlagen, der bei Aufrechterhaltung der Vorteile von Pflastersteinen als Erdreichabdeckung die Geräuschentwicklung aufgrund des rollenden Verkehrs deutlich verringert.The invention is based on the object of proposing a paving stone or shaped concrete block which, while maintaining the advantages of paving stones as a ground cover, significantly reduces the noise development due to the rolling traffic.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist der erfindungsgemäße, plattenförmige Beton-Formstein durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet:

  • a) eine schallabsorbierende Absorptionsschicht 13 aus porigem Beton ist auf einem Steinkörper 12 aus (Schwer-)Beton angeordnet,
  • b) die Oberseite der Absorptionsschicht 13 ist eben, die Unterseite und entsprechend die Oberseite des Steinkörpers 12 ist gewölbt ausgebildet mit größerer Dicke der Absorptionsschicht 13 an Steinrändern,
  • c) der Steinkörper 12 ist an seiner Unterseite mit einer Einwölbung 18 versehen, derart, daß der Beton-Formstein an den Steinrändern mit größerer Höhe ausgebildet ist.
To achieve this object, the plate-shaped concrete block according to the invention is characterized by the following features:
  • a) a sound-absorbing absorption layer 13 made of porous concrete is arranged on a stone body 12 made of (heavy) concrete,
  • b) the upper side of the absorption layer 13 is flat, the lower side and correspondingly the upper side of the stone body 12 is arched with a greater thickness of the absorption layer 13 on stone edges,
  • c) the stone body 12 is provided on its underside with a bulge 18, such that the shaped concrete block is formed at the stone edges with a greater height.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß eine merkliche Reduzierung der Geräuschentwicklung bei rollendem Verkehr durch das Zusammenwirken mehrerer Merkmale bei der Gestaltung der Pflastersteine bzw. Beton-Formsteine und der daraus hergestellten Erdreichabdeckung erreicht werden kann.The invention is based on the knowledge that a noticeable reduction in the development of noise during rolling traffic can be achieved by the interaction of several features in the design of the paving stones or concrete blocks and the soil cover produced therefrom.

Ein beträchtlicher Beitrag zur Schallabsorption wird durch den oberen Querschnittsbereich des Beton-Formsteins erreicht, nämlich durch die Absorptionsschicht aus porigem Beton. Pflastersteine mit einer Auflage aus porigem Beton sind grundsätzlich bekannt. Bei diesem Stand der Technik dient die Abdeckschicht aus porigem Beton jedoch zur Ableitung von Oberflächenwasser. Die schallabsorbierende Wirkung des porigen Betons ist bisher nicht erkannt worden.A significant contribution to sound absorption is made by the upper cross-sectional area of the concrete block, namely by the absorption layer made of porous concrete. Paving stones with a layer of porous concrete are generally known. In this prior art, however, the covering layer made of porous concrete serves to drain surface water. The sound-absorbing effect of the porous concrete has not yet been recognized.

Nach den der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Erkenntnissen sind die Beton-Formsteine mit einem größeren Format ausgebildet, nämlich plattenförmig. Abmessungen mit einer Kantenlänge von mindestens 30 cm, insbesondere quadratische Beton-Formsteine mit einer Kantenlänge von 33 cm, haben sich als vorteilhaft für die Geräuschreduzierung ergeben. Um bei diesen größeren Beton-Formsteinen zur Erdreichabdeckung das Oberflächenwasser ausreichend abzuleiten, ist erfindungsgemäß die aus porigem Beton bestehende Absorptionsschicht an der Unterseite mit einer Wölbung ausgebildet, so daß das Oberflächenwasser zu den Seiten des Beton-Formsteins ablaufen kann.According to the knowledge on which the invention is based, the shaped concrete blocks are designed with a larger format, namely plate-shaped. Dimensions with an edge length of at least 30 cm, in particular square shaped concrete blocks with an edge length of 33 cm, have proven to be advantageous for noise reduction. In order to adequately drain off the surface water in these larger concrete blocks for covering the ground, the porous concrete absorption layer is formed on the underside with a curvature so that the surface water can run off to the sides of the concrete block.

Wegen der größeren Abmessung der plattenförmigen Beton-Formsteine ist auch eine besondere Ausbildung der Unterseite derselben erforderlich, nämlich mit einer Einwölbung. Dadurch ergibt sich eine bessere Lastverteilung auf den Untergrund. Die Randbereiche des Beton-Formsteins sind durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung an der Unterseite höher belastet. Dadurch ergibt sich auch auf längere Dauer eine stabile Lage der Formsteine.Because of the larger size of the plate-shaped concrete blocks, a special design of the underside of the same is required, namely with an arch. This results in a better load distribution on the Underground. The edge areas of the concrete block are more heavily loaded on the underside by the inventive design. This results in a stable position of the shaped stones even over a longer period.

Zur weiteren Geräuschminderung ist vorgesehen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Beton-Formsteine mit sehr geringen Abständen voneinander, also mit sehr engen Fugen, verlegt werden. Dadurch ist die Ableitung des Oberflächenwassers erschwert. Erfindungsgemäß sind deshalb die Beton-Formsteine mit aufrechten Wasserableitungskanälen, nämlich Schlitzen, an den Seitenflächen versehen. Diese erstrecken sich unmittelbar unterhalb der Absorptionsschicht, so daß das Oberflächenwasser von dieser in die aufrechten Schlitze und dann in den Untergrund gelangt.To further reduce noise, it is provided that the concrete shaped blocks according to the invention are laid at very short distances from one another, that is to say with very narrow joints. This makes it difficult to drain the surface water. According to the invention, the concrete blocks are therefore provided with upright water drainage channels, namely slots, on the side surfaces. These extend immediately below the absorption layer, so that the surface water reaches the upright slots and then the underground.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Beton-Formsteine.The invention further relates to a method for producing the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention.

Die DE-A-39 09 169 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formsteins mit zwei Schichten. Der Formstein wird mit seiner Oberseite nach unten ausgeformt. Dabei wird zunächst eine dünne Gesteinsschicht in die Form eingefüllt und gepreßt. Sodann wird eine Betonschicht eingefüllt und ebenfalls gepreßt. Beim Pressen der Schichten entstehen ebene Flächen an den Formsteinen. Der erfindungsgemäße Formstein ist mit dieser Vorrichtung nicht herstellbar.DE-A-39 09 169 shows a method for producing a molded block with two layers. The top of the molded block is shaped downwards. First, a thin layer of rock is poured into the mold and pressed. Then a layer of concrete is poured in and also pressed. When pressing the layers, flat surfaces are created on the shaped stones. The shaped block according to the invention cannot be produced with this device.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formstein mit seiner Oberseite nach unten in einer Form ausgeformt wird, wobei zunächst eine Vorsatzeinfüllung zur Bildung der Absorptionsschicht und darauf eine Kerneinfüllung zur Bildung des Steinkörpers in die Form so eingefüllt und geformt wird, daß sowohl die Vorsatzeinfüllung als auch die Kerneinfüllung gewölbt ausgebildet sind, derart, daß beide Füllungen an den Rändern eine größere Höhe aufweisen.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the shaped stone is shaped with its upper side facing downwards in a mold, firstly a facing filler for forming the absorption layer and then a core filler for forming the stone body is poured and shaped into the mold in such a way that both the front filler as well as the core filling are arched, such that both fillings have a greater height at the edges.

Des weiteren bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Anlage zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Beton-Formsteine.Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for producing the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention.

Die FR-A-2 493 214 zeigt eine Anlage zur Herstellung eines zweischichtigen Betonsteins, bei der ein Stempel mit einer reliefartigen Unterseite verwendet wird. Mit diesem Stempel wird jedoch nur die obere Schicht gepreßt, derart, daß eine reliefartige Sichtfläche an dem Betonstein entsteht. Eine solche Anlage ist zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Beton-Formsteine nicht geeignet.FR-A-2 493 214 shows a system for producing a two-layer concrete block, in which a stamp with a relief-like underside is used. With this stamp, however, only the upper layer is pressed in such a way that a relief-like visible surface is created on the concrete block. Such a system is not suitable for the production of the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention.

Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils ist die erfindungsgemäße Anlage dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formenstempel derart gewölbt ausgebildet ist, daß beide Füllungen mit größerer Höhe an den Rändern formbar sind.To avoid this disadvantage, the system according to the invention is characterized in that the mold stamp is curved such that both fillings can be shaped at a greater height at the edges.

Ausführungsbeispiele, aus denen sich weitere erfinderische Merkmale ergeben, sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Pflasterstein,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht des Pflastersteins gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht auf den Pflasterstein gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2,
Fig. 4
eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Fertigungsanlage zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Pflastersteins gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 3,
Fig. 5
einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine aus erfindungsgemäßen Pflastersteinen gemäß Fig. 1 gefertigte Straßendecke,
Fig. 6
einen Vertikalschnitt entsprechend der Fig. 5 durch eine herkömmliche Pflasterdecke und
Fig. 7
eine Pflasterdecke gemäß Fig. 6 bei Belastung durch Strapenverkehr.
Exemplary embodiments from which further inventive features result are shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a vertical section through a paving stone according to the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side view of the paving stone according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
2 shows a plan view of the paving stone according to FIGS. 1 and 2,
Fig. 4
2 shows a schematic side view of a production plant for producing a paving stone according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 3,
Fig. 5
2 shows a vertical section through a pavement made of paving stones according to the invention according to FIG.
Fig. 6
a vertical section corresponding to FIG. 5 by a conventional pavement and
Fig. 7
a pavement as shown in FIG. 6 when subjected to heavy traffic.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Formstein 11, aus Beton im Vertikalschnitt.Fig. 1 shows a shaped block 11 according to the invention, made of concrete in vertical section.

Der Formstein 11 besteht aus zwei Schichten, von denen die erste Schicht der eigentliche Steinkörper 12 ist, auf dem die zweite Schicht, eine Absorptionsschicht 13, die schallabsorptionsfähig ist, aufgebracht ist.The shaped stone 11 consists of two layers, of which the first layer is the actual stone body 12, on which the second layer, an absorption layer 13, which is sound-absorbent, is applied.

Die Absorptionsschicht 13 weist eine glatte Oberseite 14 auf, die bei einer Pflasterdecke aus Formsteinen 11 Bestandteil der Fahrbahnoberfläche ist. Da die Oberseite 14 glatt ist, wird das Rollgeräusch auf dem Formstein 11 vermindert. Die Oberseite 14 ist scharfkantig ausgebildet, an den Kanten der Oberseite 14 sind also keine Fasen vorgesehen.The absorption layer 13 has a smooth upper side 14 which is part of the road surface in the case of a paving slab made of shaped stones 11. Since the top 14 is smooth, the rolling noise on the stone 11 is reduced. The top 14 is formed with sharp edges, so no bevels are provided on the edges of the top 14.

Die Absorptionsschicht 13 ist porig ausgebildet. Hierzu weist die Absorptionsschicht 13 vorzugsweise eine Körnung von 4 mm bis 8 mm auf. Diese Körnung ist zementgebunden. Die Bindung kann aber durch zusätzliche Bindemittel, wie z.B. Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polymere, oder Silikat, verstärkt sein.The absorption layer 13 is porous. For this purpose, the absorption layer 13 preferably has a grain size of 4 mm to 8 mm. This grain is cement-bound. However, the binding can be achieved by additional binders, e.g. Plastic, preferably polymers, or silicate, be reinforced.

In die Absorptionsschicht 13 könnte Regenwasser oder andere Flüssigkeiten eindringen. Zum Abfluß dieser Flüssigkeiten aus der Absorptionsschicht 13 ist die Oberseite 15 des Steinkörpers 12, auf der die Absorptionsschicht 13 aufgebracht ist, konvex ausgebildet. Sie weist also eine Kuppelform auf, so daß Wasser oder andere Flüssigkeiten auf dieser Oberseite 15 von der Mitte zu den Rändern hin abfließen. In seinen Randbereichen weist der Formstein 11 in die Seitenfläche eingebrachte, vertikale Schlitze 16 auf, durch die die Flüssigkeit von der Oberseite 15 des Steinkörpers 12 zur Unterseite des Formsteins 11 abfließen kann und dann im Boden versickern kann.Rainwater or other liquids could penetrate into the absorption layer 13. To drain these liquids from the absorption layer 13 is the top 15 of the stone body 12 on which the absorption layer 13 is applied is convex. It therefore has a dome shape, so that water or other liquids flow on this upper side 15 from the center to the edges. In its edge areas, the shaped block 11 has vertical slots 16, which are introduced into the side surface and through which the liquid can flow from the upper side 15 of the stone body 12 to the underside of the shaped block 11 and can then seep into the ground.

Die Schlitze 16 erstrecken sich nur von der Unterseite 17 des Formsteins 11 bis zur Absorptionsschicht 13, verlaufen also nicht durch die Absorptionsschicht 13 hindurch. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß die Kanten der Oberseite 14 umlaufend scharfkantig bleiben, also keine Öffnungen in den Randbereichen der Oberseite 14 vorhanden sind. Somit können Pflastersteine zur Bildung einer Straßendecke engfugig bzw. nahezu lückenlos aneinanderstoßen, wodurch sich eine nahezu fugenlose Fahrbahnfläche ergibt, auf der die Rollgeräusche des Verkehrs minimiert sind.The slots 16 only extend from the underside 17 of the shaped block 11 to the absorption layer 13, and therefore do not run through the absorption layer 13. This ensures that the edges of the upper side 14 remain sharp-edged all around, that is to say there are no openings in the edge regions of the upper side 14. Thus, paving stones to form a road surface can meet closely or almost completely, resulting in an almost seamless road surface on which the rolling noise of traffic is minimized.

Der Formstein 11 ist in der Fig. 1 zwar etwas gedrungen dargestellt, er wird aber vorzugsweise möglichst großflächig, plattenförmig ausgebildet. Als günstig haben sich Formsteine 11 erwiesen, deren Kantenlänge (im Grundriß) mindestens 30 cm beträgt. Optimale Ergebnisse werden bei einem Formstein 11 erreicht, der quadratisch ausgebildet ist mit einer Kantenlänge von 33 cm. Zur Erzielung einer optimalen Auflage des Formsteins 11 auf einem Pflastergrund weist der Formstein 11 an seiner Unterseite 17 eine konkave Einwölbung 18 auf. In den Randbereichen der Unterseite 17 sind umlaufende Fasen 19 ausgebildet, die relativ steil ausgebildet sind.The molded block 11 is shown somewhat compactly in FIG. 1, but it is preferably formed as large as possible in the form of a plate. Shaped stones 11 have proven to be favorable, the edge length (in the plan) being at least 30 cm. Optimal results are achieved with a shaped block 11 which is square with an edge length of 33 cm. In order to achieve an optimal support of the shaped stone 11 on a pavement base, the shaped stone 11 has a concave arch 18 on its underside 17. In the edge areas of the underside 17, peripheral bevels 19 are formed, which are relatively steep.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Formsteins 11 gemäß Fig. 1. Gleiche Bauelemente sind in der Fig. 2 wie auch in den übrigen Figuren, mit den gleichen Bezugszahlen bezeichnet wie in Fig. 1.FIG. 2 shows a side view of the shaped block 11 according to the invention according to FIG. 1. The same components are identified in FIG. 2 as in the other figures, with the same reference numbers as in FIG. 1.

Aus der Fig. 2 ist insbesondere noch einmal die Ausbildung der Schlitze 16 aus einer anderen Sicht zu ersehen.From FIG. 2, the formation of the slots 16 can be seen in particular from a different perspective.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt den Formstein 11 gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 in der Draufsicht. Die porige Oberseite 14 ist in der Fig. 3 der Deutlichkeit halber nur in einem Eckbereich gepunktet angedeutet. Aus der Fig. 3 ist die Anordnung der Schlitze 16 an den Seitenflächen des Formsteins 11 entnehmbar.3 shows the shaped block 11 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a top view. For the sake of clarity, the porous upper side 14 is only indicated by dots in a corner region. The arrangement of the slots 16 on the side surfaces of the shaped block 11 can be seen from FIG. 3.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Fertigungsanlage zur Herstellung von Formsteinen 11 gemäß den Fig. 1 und 3 in einer schematischen Seitenansicht.FIG. 4 shows a manufacturing plant for the production of shaped blocks 11 according to FIGS. 1 and 3 in a schematic side view.

Die Fertigungsanlage umfaßt einen Rütteltisch 20, auf dem ein Formkasten 21 mit Formen 22 zur Ausformung von erfindungsgemäßen Formsteinen 11 angeordnet ist. Dieser Formkasten 21 ist mit dem Rütteltisch 20, wie mit einem Doppelpfeil angedeutet, in einer Auf- und Abbewegung rüttelbar.The production system comprises a vibrating table 20 on which a molding box 21 with molds 22 for shaping molded blocks 11 according to the invention is arranged. This molding box 21 can be shaken in an up and down movement with the vibrating table 20, as indicated by a double arrow.

Weiter umfaßt die Fertigungsanlage zwei auf Schienen 23 verfahrbare Füllwagen 24a, b, in denen die beiden Einfüllungen zur Herstellung der beiden Schichten 13 und 12 eines Formsteins 11 bevorratet sind. Wenigstens der die Vorsatzeinfüllung zur Fertigung der Absorptionsschicht 13 aufnehmende Füllwagen 24a verfügt über eine Dosiereinrichtung zur dosierten Einfüllung von Vorsatzfüllungen zur Bildung von Absorptionsschichten 13 in die Formen 22.The production system further comprises two filling wagons 24a, b which can be moved on rails 23 and in which the two fillings for producing the two layers 13 and 12 of a shaped block 11 are stored. At least the filling car 24a that receives the prefill for the manufacture of the absorption layer 13 has a metering device for the metered filling of prefill fillings to form absorption layers 13 in the molds 22.

Über dem Rütteltisch 20 sind in die Formen 22 absenkbare Formenstempel 25 angeordnet. Die Formenstempel 25 sind von einer Traverse 26 abgehängt und können beispielsweise hydraulisch auf- und abbewegt werden.Above the vibrating table 20, mold dies 25 which can be lowered into the molds 22 are arranged. The mold stamps 25 are suspended from a cross member 26 and can be moved up and down hydraulically, for example.

Zur Herstellung von Formsteinen 11 mit der Fertigungsanlage wird zunächst eine Vorsatzeinfüllung in die Formen 22 eingefüllt und durch Absenken der Formenstempel 25 in die Formen 22 zu Absorptionsschichten 13 ausgeformt. Danach wird die Kerneinfüllung zur Bildung von Steinkörpern 12 in die Formen 22 eingefüllt. Diese werden dann durch Absenken der Formenstempel 25 ebenfalls ausgeformt und durch Rütteln mit dem Rütteltisch 20 verdichtet.For the production of molded blocks 11 with the production system, a header filling is first filled into the molds 22 and by lowering the mold stamp 25 into the mold Molds 22 formed into absorption layers 13. The core filling is then filled into the molds 22 to form stone bodies 12. These are then also shaped by lowering the die 25 and compressed by shaking with the shaking table 20.

In den Formen 22 werden die Formsteine 11 somit mit ihrer Oberseite 14 nach unten hergestellt. Die Ausbildung einer scharfkantigen Oberseite 14 ist gewährleistet.In the molds 22, the shaped stones 11 are thus produced with their top 14 downward. The formation of a sharp-edged top 14 is guaranteed.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine aus erfindungsgemäßen Formsteinen 11 gefertigte Straßendecke 27 in einem Vertikalschnitt.5 shows a road surface 27 made from shaped stones 11 according to the invention in a vertical section.

In der Fig. 5 ist erkennbar, wie das Material 28 eines Pflastergrundes in die Einwölbungen 18 der Formsteine 11 und in die Fugen 29 zwischen zwei Formsteinen 11 eindringt. Die Fugen 29 zwischen zwei Formsteinen 11 sind in der Darstellung der Fig. 5 aus darstellerischen Gründen übertrieben breit angedeutet. Die erfindungsgemäßen Formsteine 11 können wesentlich engfugiger aneinander verlegt werden.5 it can be seen how the material 28 of a paving base penetrates into the convexities 18 of the shaped stones 11 and into the joints 29 between two shaped stones 11. The joints 29 between two shaped stones 11 are indicated in the illustration in FIG. 5 in an exaggerated manner for illustrative reasons. The shaped blocks 11 according to the invention can be laid much closer together.

Aufgrund ihrer speziell ausgebildeten Unterseite 17 haben die Formsteine 11 eine besonders feste Lage auf dem Material 28 des Pflastergrundes. Insbesondere die Randbereiche der Unterseite 17 zwischen den Fasen 19 und der Einwölbung 18 liegen fest auf dem Material 29 auf.Because of their specially designed underside 17, the shaped stones 11 have a particularly firm position on the material 28 of the paving base. In particular, the edge areas of the underside 17 between the bevels 19 and the arch 18 lie firmly on the material 29.

Unter der Darstellung der Straßendecke 27 in der Fig. 5 ist der Druckverlauf angedeutet, d.h., der Druck P, mit dem die einzelnen Bereiche der Unterseiten 17 der Formsteine 11 über eine Ortskoordinate X auf dem Material 29 aufliegen.5 shows the pressure curve, i.e. the pressure P with which the individual areas of the undersides 17 of the shaped blocks 11 rest on the material 29 via a location coordinate X.

Im Vergleich dazu, ist in der Fig. 6 ein Vertikalschnitt durch eine herkömmliche Straßendecke 30 dargestellt worden. Diese Straßendecke 30 besteht aus herkömmlichen Pflastersteinen 31.In comparison, a vertical section through a conventional road surface 30 has been shown in FIG. 6. This road surface 30 consists of conventional paving stones 31.

Unter der Darstellung der herkömmlichen Straßendecke 30 der Fig. 6 ist der Druckverlauf P-X der herkömmlichen Straßendecke 30 angedeutet worden. Es ist erkennbar, daß die herkömmlichen Pflastersteine 31 mit ihren mittleren Bereichen mit dem höchsten Druck auf dem Material 32 eines Pflastergrundes aufliegen. Dies führt dazu, daß die herkömmlichen Pflastersteine 31 bei Belastung durch Straßenverkehr in eine Wippbewegung versetzt werden, wie dies in der Fig. 7 angedeutet worden ist. Dabei wird Material 32 von den Randbereichen der Unterseiten der Pflastersteine 31 zum Teil zur Mitte unter die Pflastersteine 31 gedrückt und zum Teil durch die Fugen 33 zwischen den Pflastersteinen 31 hochgepumpt. Hierdurch wird der in Fig. 6 angedeutete Druckverlauf noch extremer, so daß der in Fig. 7 angedeutete Wippeffekt immer schlimmer wird und die Pflastersteine immer mehr ihren Halt verlieren. Derartig wippende Pflastersteine 31 verstärken sogar noch das Fahrgeräusch der Fahrzeuge.The pressure curve P-X of the conventional road surface 30 has been indicated by the representation of the conventional road surface 30 in FIG. 6. It can be seen that the conventional paving stones 31 lie with their central areas with the highest pressure on the material 32 of a paving base. This leads to the fact that the conventional paving stones 31 are set into a rocking movement when subjected to traffic, as has been indicated in FIG. 7. Material 32 is pressed from the edge areas of the undersides of the paving stones 31 partly under the paving stones 31 to the middle and partly pumped up through the joints 33 between the paving stones 31. As a result, the pressure curve indicated in FIG. 6 becomes even more extreme, so that the rocking effect indicated in FIG. 7 becomes increasingly worse and the paving stones lose their hold more and more. Such rocking paving stones 31 even increase the driving noise of the vehicles.

In der Fig. 7 ist mit der Bezugsziffer 34 ein angedeutetes Rad eines Kraftfahrzeugs bezeichnet worden.7, an indicated wheel of a motor vehicle has been designated with the reference number 34.

Außerdem ist den Fig. 6 und 7 entnehmbar, daß die herkömmlichen Pflastersteine 31 in den Kantenbereichen ihrer Oberseiten Fasen 35 aufweisen, die die Fugen 33 verbreitern und so ebenfalls das Fahrgeräusch der Fahrzeuge vergrößern.6 and 7 that the conventional paving stones 31 have chamfers 35 in the edge regions of their upper sides, which broaden the joints 33 and thus likewise increase the driving noise of the vehicles.

Claims (10)

  1. Plate-shaped concrete block for covering roads, paths and squares, characterized by the following features for the reduction and absorption of sound caused by rolling traffic:
    a) a sound-absorbing absorption layer (13) of porous concrete is disposed on a block element (12) made from (heavy) concrete,
    b) the top side of the absorption layer (13) is level, the bottom side and accordingly the top side of the block element (12) is of curved configuration, the absorption layer (13) exhibiting greater thickness at the fringes of the block,
    c) the block element (12) is equipped on its bottom side with a curvature (18), such that the concrete block is configured to exhibit a greater height at the fringes of the block.
  2. Concrete block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the absorption layer (13) exhibits a granulation of from about 4 mm to 8 mm.
  3. Concrete block according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edge length of the same amounts to at least 30 cm, preferably 33 cm square and in that the absorption layer (13) is about 30 mm thick.
  4. Concrete block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the absorption layer (13) is spherically curved on the bottom side when the top side of the block element (12) is of convex configuration.
  5. Concrete block according to Claim 1 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that, for water drainage purposes, lateral surfaces of the block (11) exhibit laterally open, approximately upright running slots (16), which extend from the bottom side of the absorption layer (13) to the bottom side (17) of the block (11).
  6. Block according to Claim 1 and one or more of the further claims, characterized in that edges on the bottom side (17) of the block (11) exhibit bevels (19) which run all the way round.
  7. Process for the manufacture of concrete blocks according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the block (11) is shaped, having its top side (14) downwards, in a mould (22), an ancillary charge for the formation of the absorption layer (13) being first poured into the mould (22) and, following on from this, a core charge for the formation of the block element (12) and the said charges being moulded in such a way that both the ancillary charge and the core charge are of curved configuration, such that both charges have greater height at the fringes.
  8. Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the ancillary charge is shaped in the mould (22) prior to the filling of the core charge, in particular on the bottom side of the absorption layer (13) facing towards the block element (12) and pointing upwards, by an appropriately configured moulding die (25), which is lowered into the mould (22).
  9. Process according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the core layer (block element 12) is shaped by a moulding die (25) which is lowered into the mould (22), and in that, following the lowering of the moulding die (25), the charge in the mould (22) is compressed by jolting.
  10. Plant for the manufacture of concrete blocks according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, in particular for the execution of the process according to Claim 7 to 9, with a table on which one or more moulds (22) for the shaping of paving slabs (11) are disposed, with storage containers for an ancillary charge and for a core charge, from which the charges for the formation of a twin-layer paving slab (11) can be poured into the moulds (22), and with in each case one moulding die (25) -assigned to each mould (22), characterized in that the moulding die (25) is of curved configuration such that both charges can be moulded with greater height at the fringes.
EP90914694A 1989-10-06 1990-10-05 Slab-like concrete block, as well as process and device for manufacturing the latter Expired - Lifetime EP0494919B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3933413 1989-10-06
DE3933413A DE3933413A1 (en) 1989-10-06 1989-10-06 PAVING STONE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD, preferably A CONCRETE PAVING STONE, ESPECIALLY FOR PAVING A STREET
PCT/EP1990/001672 WO1991005111A1 (en) 1989-10-06 1990-10-05 Slab-like concrete block, as well as process and device for manufacturing the latter

Publications (2)

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EP0494919A1 EP0494919A1 (en) 1992-07-22
EP0494919B1 true EP0494919B1 (en) 1994-05-18

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EP90914694A Expired - Lifetime EP0494919B1 (en) 1989-10-06 1990-10-05 Slab-like concrete block, as well as process and device for manufacturing the latter

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US (1) US5281048A (en)
EP (1) EP0494919B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05502919A (en)
AT (1) ATE105887T1 (en)
AU (1) AU638498B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2067332A1 (en)
DE (2) DE3933413A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0494919T3 (en)
FI (1) FI921483A0 (en)
NO (1) NO921316D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1991005111A1 (en)

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US6093012A (en) * 1995-10-05 2000-07-25 Rampf Formen Gmbh Form for manufacturing concrete form components by machine
GB2306524A (en) * 1995-10-25 1997-05-07 U P S Ltd Cruciform surfacing blocks
DE29607037U1 (en) * 1996-04-18 1996-07-11 Max Steinhart GmbH Pflaster- und Natursteinbau, 72768 Reutlingen Paving stone, in particular made of concrete
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NO921316L (en) 1992-04-03
US5281048A (en) 1994-01-25
CA2067332A1 (en) 1991-04-07
JPH05502919A (en) 1993-05-20
ATE105887T1 (en) 1994-06-15
DK0494919T3 (en) 1994-09-26
FI921483A (en) 1992-04-03
WO1991005111A1 (en) 1991-04-18
AU6502990A (en) 1991-04-28
NO921316D0 (en) 1992-04-03
EP0494919A1 (en) 1992-07-22
AU638498B2 (en) 1993-07-01
FI921483A0 (en) 1992-04-03
DE3933413A1 (en) 1991-04-11
DE59005771D1 (en) 1994-06-23

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