EP2686484B1 - Level crossing - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the production of plate-shaped Eindeckelementen for a traffic area of a railroad level crossing, in which process a mixture of particulate aggregate and a hardening binder is plate-shaped and solidified, and at the top of the Eindeckelemente a solid, light-reflecting glass particles formed light-reflecting layer is formed, which is bound with the same binder with which the particulate aggregate of the Eindeckelemente forming composite material are bonded to plate-shaped bodies.

In the case of traffic areas, recognizing the boundaries of the same and recognizing the position and the course of subregions of these traffic areas, for which subsections particular provisions for the movement of road users, are of considerable importance. This applies, in particular, to coverings which have been assembled from covering elements and form traffic areas, roof coverings at level crossings, where increased risk potentials are also present due to the installation of rail tracks and the traffic of rail vehicles. Such recognition is important for the drivers of road vehicles but also for pedestrians traveling on traffic surfaces of level railroad crossings, with good visibility both in normal daylight conditions and in restricted visibility conditions, especially when darkness prevails.

It is from the US 2006/0157577 A1 It is known to apply a light-reflecting layer to the top side of cover-down elements, which form a traffic surface provided at a railroad level crossing, in order to improve the recognizability of the conditions prevailing on this traffic surface in each case. In this case, a sealing layer, which fills and compensates for unevenness, crevices and the like which are present on the base layer, is first applied to a base layer made of concrete, for example. Thereafter, this sealing layer is covered with an adhesive layer which fixes back-reflecting glass particles, which are applied to the adhesive layer, to the respective cover-element. As back-reflecting glass particles, which incidental Reflecting light in the direction of light incidence are called glass beads and, preferably, reflective glass beads formed by a high pressure process. Such glass beads often have a diameter of about 0.3 mm. It is also contemplated to omit the sealing layer and to apply the adhesive layer directly to a base layer formed of plastic concrete which has a smooth surface. Taken as a whole, this known concept for producing the cover elements requires a series of labor-intensive process steps and the use of relatively complex materials.

From the DE-OS 2 239 755 is a so-called Nachstreumittel known, which is to improve the night visibility of road markings and consists of a mixture of reflective glass beads and a sharp-edged mineral supplement. This mixture is sprinkled on previously prepared markers, as long as they have not yet hardened. The glass beads, which have a diameter of about 0.3 mm, increase due to their smooth surface which is particularly disadvantageous when braking vehicles slip hazard on the road surface, and this danger is to be counteracted by the said surcharge.

The DE 10 2005 015 344 A1 describes a method for the production of concrete cover elements, which are intended for application to soil areas in order to form traffic areas there. The Eindeckelemente consist of a base body, which is formed of concrete, and from an applied on the visible side of this body attachment layer, which is also made of concrete, wherein in the the facing layer forming concrete light-reflecting glass particles are mixed. The glass particles present in the concrete of the facing layer are to be subsequently at least partially exposed and thus made visible by driving on or following the traffic surface formed by the covering elements.

In the JP 2-104803 A there is disclosed a method for making pavement concrete slabs having light reflective particles incorporated on a surface; These particles are in the space provided before pouring the concrete slab Scattered form, after which the liquid concrete is poured and cured.

From the JP 4-149305 A For example, a method of making light-reflecting concrete blocks is known wherein a surface layer containing glass beads is mounted on a base layer. Immediately after molding, a liquid is sprayed on the surface layer to form a fine particle layer on top, which is removed after curing so as to partially expose the glass beads.

The DE 32 33 330 A1 describes a device for dust-free application of sand to a surface of a clay cord or the like, and then to produce bricks with a rough appearance.

In the DE 24 43 835 A For example, a pavement marking body including a glass filler such as crushed waste glass is described.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of the kind mentioned above, can be produced with the Eindeckelemente in which by their special structural design, the above-mentioned recognizability of each situation is highly achievable, both in daylight, even if this is only weakened, as well as when illuminated by stationary mounted light sources or by vehicle headlights. The Eindeckelemente should compared to the associated with a vehicle traffic and foot traffic wear stresses have a good resistance over long periods and have the least possible tendency to accumulate contaminants. The process should also be feasible simply and at low cost.

The inventive method of the type mentioned above is characterized in that the formation of the light-reflecting layer on top of the mounting components to be produced before setting the binding binding binder a mixture of ground glass particles and sand on top of already slab-shaped mass of aggregate and binder is sprinkled and run this spread mixture with a smoothing tool and smoothing is smoothing.

It is thus easily possible to produce cover elements which have on their upper side a light-reflecting layer which is formed of glass particles and sand in a uniform distribution, good reflection properties of this layer can be achieved and a good anchoring of the reflective layer-forming particles, which is maintained over long periods of time even under heavy mechanical stress, can be achieved. Here, it is favorable if a mixture of ground glass particles and sand, in which a quantitative ratio of glass particles to sand particles between 25:75 to 75:25 volume percent is present in the poured state, is used. Preferably, a mixture of ground glass particles and quartz sand is used.

In the case of the covers produced by the present method, a good light reflection, distributed over a wide angular range, is achieved by the glass particles made of a material to be ground, whereby the sand particles present in this layer between the glass particles promote a uniform distribution of the glass particles is kept, and the glass particles are kept apart, which favors the reflection properties and made uniform over the surface seen; Furthermore, the glass particles receive a lateral support which prevents wear and breakage of the glass particles under the influence of traffic loads; Moreover, the fact that the sand particles fill spaces between the glass particles, counteracts an undesirable accumulation of reflection-reducing foreign material at the top of the light-reflecting layer. The present in the millbase surface shape and surface structure of the glass particles is favorable for said light reflection and for the anchoring of the glass particles in the binder of the Eindeckelemente forming composite material.

Both for the process and for achieving good It is favorable for light reflection and for achieving a uniform distribution of glass particles and sand particles in the light-reflecting layer and for a long life of the light-reflecting layer even in the presence of heavy traffic loads, when a mixture of ground glass particles and sand is used, whose glass particles have a medium Grain size in the range of 1 to 3 mm. It is in this sense also advantageous if a mixture of glass particles and sand is used, the sand content consists mainly of particles with a grain size of 1.2 to 3.2 mm.

The application process of the mixture of glass particles and sand, in which this mixture is first sprinkled onto the top of the already plate-shaped mass, and this scattered mixture is run over with a smoothing tool and smoothing is smoothly controlled in terms of the desired achievement of good reflective properties that in a predominant proportion of the number of glass particles of the light-reflecting layer, these glass particles sit in the binder only with their side facing the interior of the cover elements, and their top side protrudes from the binder. It is further advantageous if the run over and leveling smoothing is directed so that in a predominant proportion of the number of glass particles this pressed over half of their measured perpendicular to the plate surface height dimension in the binder and then held in this state in the binder.

The invention will now be further explained by way of example with reference to the drawing, in which such examples are shown schematically.

• Fig. 1 eine Schnittdarstellung eines schienengleichen Bahnüberganges mit einer aus plattenförmigen Eindeckelementen zusammengefügten Eindeckung;
• Fig. 2, gleichfalls im Schnitt, im vergrößertem Maßstab die im Bereich der Oberseite eines solchen Eindeckelementes vorliegende Struktur;
• Fig. 3 in einer schematisierten Ansicht einen Schritt bei der Herstellung von Eindeckelementen; und
• Fig. 4 in schematisierter Ansicht einen weiteren Schritt bei der Herstellung von Eindeckelementen.

In the drawing shows:

• Fig. 1 a sectional view of a rail-level crossing with a plate-shaped covering elements joined together covering;
• Fig. 2 , also on average, on an enlarged scale in the Area of the top of such a Eindeckelementes present structure;
• Fig. 3 in a schematic view of a step in the production of Eindeckelementen; and
• Fig. 4 in a schematic view of a further step in the production of Eindeckelementen.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a railroad level crossing 1, which has a covering composed of plate-shaped covering elements 3, the top 4 forms a traffic area 6, which runs on the rail level 5 of the rails 2 of the track. At the top 4 of the traffic surface 6 forming Eindeckelemente 3, these Eindeckelemente a fixed light-reflecting layer 9.

Fig. 2 shows in detail the structure present in the area of the upper side 4 of the covering elements 3. The light-reflecting layer 9 is formed of light-reflecting glass particles 10 and sand particles 11 interposed therebetween. This light-reflecting layer 9 is in integrated connection with the composite material, which in turn is formed from a particulate aggregate 7 and a binder 8, by the glass particles 10 and the sand particles 11 of the light-reflecting layer 9 with the binder 8, with which the aggregate particles 7 of the cover elements 3 forming composite material are bound to plate-shaped bodies are fixed to the top 4 of Eindeckelemente 3. With a predominant proportion of the number of glass particles 10 of the light-reflecting layer 9, these glass particles 10 sit only in the binder 8 with their side 12 facing the interior of the cover elements 3, and the top 13 of these glass particles protrudes from the binder 8. With a predominant proportion of the number of glass particles 10, these sit up to more than half of their height dimension 16 measured in the binder 8 perpendicular to the plate surface of the flashing elements 3.

The glass particles 10 consist of a regrind, the glass particles of this grind preferably a mean grain size in the range of 1 to 3 mm. The sand particles 11, which are present in the light-reflecting layer 9, are located between the glass particles 10 and keep the glass particles, at least until their fixation in the binder 8, at a distance from each other and supports these glass particles laterally. It can also be achieved by the sand particles, a partial filling of the areas located between the glass particles and thus an undesirable deposition of foreign material in these areas located between the glass particles are counteracted. Both the extent of such filling effect counteracting undesired deposition of foreign material and the aforementioned mutual support of glass particles and sand particles can be influenced by the choice of the quantity ratio which is present in the light-reflecting layer 9 between glass particles and sand particles. Preferably, it is provided that a ratio of glass particles to sand particles is present, which is between 25:75 to 75:25 vol% in the poured state.

With regard to the structural design of the jointing together of the covering elements 3, the upper side of which forms a traffic surface running on the rail level, is in the in Fig. 1 illustrated preferred embodiment provided that the Eindeckelemente 3 are supported at their the rails 2 of the respective track facing edges only on these rails and bridging the space adjoining these rails areas cantilevered. Another storage is feasible.

Fig. 3 illustrates a step in the process provided for in the invention to form a light-reflecting layer on top of plate-like Eindeckelementen. In this case, a mixture of a particulate aggregate and a hardening binder is formed into plates 18 and these plates, before this binder has set or before it is solidified, sprinkled with a mixture 20 which consists of glass particles and sand, wherein the particles of this mixture come in conjunction with the binder. The plates 18 are passed on a treadmill 17 in the direction of arrow 21 under a spreader 19, wherein With this spreader, the mixture 20 is sprinkled on the top of the plates. The distribution of the spread mixture 20 is made uniform with a smoothing tool 14 shown as a ruler, whereby a pressing of the mixture takes place at the located on the upper side of the plates binder.

Fig. 4 shows a located in a molding box 22 plate 18 which is formed from a supplement and a binder, wherein the binder is not solidified. On top of a mixture 20 of glass particles and sand particles is already applied. The molding box 22 with the plate 18 is moved on a raceway 23 in the direction of the arrow 21, wherein the batch 20 evenly distributed and pressed with a smoothing tool 14 and subsequently with a pressing and smoothing roller device 15 to a structured as described above light-reflecting layer. 9 is completed.

Claims (7)

1. A method for manufacturing plate-shaped cover elements (3) for a traffic area of a level crossing (1), wherein a mixture of a particle-shaped additive (7) and a hardening binding agent (8) is shaped in the form of a plate and is made to solidify, and a solid light-reflecting layer (9) containing light-reflecting glass particles (10) is formed on the upper side (4) of the cover elements (3), said light-reflecting layer being bound with the same binding agent (8) with which the particle-shaped additive (7) of the compound material forming the cover elements (3) is bound to form plate-shaped bodies, characterized in that, for forming the light-reflecting layer (9) on the upper side (4) of the cover elements (3) to be manufactured, prior to the setting of the binding agent (8) binding the additive (7), a mixture of ground glass particles (10) and sand (11) is dispersed on the upper side (13) of the mass of additive (7) and binding agent (8) which has already been shaped in the form of a plate, and this dispersed mixture is passed over by a smoothing tool and is smoothed to be flat.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixture of ground glass particles (10) and sand (11) is used in which a proportion of glass particles (10) to sand particles (11) between 25:75 to 75:25 percent by volume is present in the poured condition.
3. The method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a mixture of ground glass particles (10) and quartz sand (11) is used.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a mixture of ground glass particles (10) and sand (11) is used whose glass particles (10) have an average grain size in the range of 1 to 3 mm.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a mixture of glass particles (10) and sand (11) is used whose sand portion consists predominantly of particles with a grain size of 1.2 to 3.2 mm.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the passing over and the smoothing is performed such that, in a predominant percentage of the number of glass particles (10) of the light-reflecting layer (9), these glass particles (10) are seated in the binding agent (8) only with their side facing the interior of the cover elements (3) and their upper side (13) projects from the binding agent (8).
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the passing over and the smoothing is performed such that, in a predominant percentage of the number of glass particles (10), these are seated in the binding agent (8) down to more than half of their height dimension (16) measured perpendicular to the plate face.

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