DE2524877A1 - Floor coverings for good drainage - consisting of resin bonded fibres with interstices between particles plus fibrous substrates - Google Patents

Abstract

The coverings are produced by taking fibrous or similar material of suitable particle size (pref. used tyre particles, alternatively natural/synthetic fibres), with added filler and small percentage of binder (synthetic resins pref. e.g. polyurethanes, polyesters, epoxides) plus (if reqd.) activators/catalysts/accelerators/pigments/water softeners/anti-oxidants etc., coating the fibrous material with the binder by mixing or spraying and adding the other components and curing (pref. with hot air). The fibrous particles are bonded together in such a way as to leave spaces between their points of contact for drainage purposes. Extends application of the original invention from stables to anywhere where drainage is required with good wear resistance, provides non-skid properties, elasticity and good hardness to suit the service conditions.

Description

With reference to the above submission, I hereby report the following In addition to patent protection, the original application "Drainage-stable floor-covering" is to be expanded at the same time as follows: Procedure for the production of drainage floor coverings The invention relates to the further development of the drainage stable floor covering, which was registered for patent protection on April 4th, 1975 and is taken into account primarily new aspects for the industrial manufacturing process, but also extends the process of applying the coating in liquid form.

The further development of the process brings the expansion of the application possibilities the invention "drainage stable floor covering" to the "drainage floor covering" with it, the can generally be used where there is an important connection to drainage arrives with good wear resistance.

With regard to floor coverings, their technologies here in particular are to be considered, rubber granulate coverings are the state of the art for the inventor Well known for sports tracks and playgrounds etc., there are also attempts at Coating concrete slabs with rubber grit, but both are exclusive Designed for wear resistance, thanks to additional surface coating (Treads, etc.) is still increased. But this also makes them completely waterproof made, while with this invention the drainage function is in the foreground, even if it has to combine with good wear resistance.

There are also fleece and fabric-like floor coverings made of synthetic Fibers known (e.g. the so-called Poligras), which are also offered as external coverings will. Some of these have the ability to absorb water but for universal use, especially when it comes to the combination of drainage, wear resistance and shear resistance, e.g. especially in stables, not proven in any way (it just has in positions frequent accidents and the associated emergency slaughter) and would be for example as a schoolyard or sports track surface, where it is also a question of the combination of drainage, wear resistance and shear resistance arrives, in no way suitable.

The patent-pending invention "drainage floor covering" unites drainage ability to a high degree with wear resistance, Abrasion and slip resistance, elasticity or, if necessary, hardness, namely each property in itself in a variable way, so that the use is not only on one Purpose is limited, but the range of possible uses is very wide can be: from the soft stable floor covering, which replaces straw, to the somewhat harder one -but still elastic school yard or tennis court surface or the swimming pool or shower bath surrounds (in the latter case as a replacement for the wooden gratings, e.g. through Putrefaction causing athlete's foot) up to the hard-set sidewalk, Terrace or parking space Stroßenbelog with drainage function.

The advantages that the water is immediately drained from the surface and is absorbed and passed on by the topping, should be included in each of the as an example listed cases will be obvious.

The wear resistance, especially for outdoor use, can can be increased by the fact that the covering surface also has a composite Grainy surface coating (e.g. made of gravel, split, rubber grain) receives. The coating can also be that concrete, clay or other stones BEZW. Ceramic plates be embedded in the surface, with sufficient joint spacing ensuring drainage guaranteed.

In all processes that lead to these deposits - whether by potting a fiber, cossette and / or grain-granulate and binder mixture in place or industrially discontinuously in forms respectively.

continuously manufactured on a production line in endless webs -, depending on the intended use, one can be used for the mechanical stress caused by contact pressure different compression of the mixture, possibly with the addition of heat in any Form, may be required. The compression takes place in the liquid processing on site mainly with rollers and compressed air devices, in the case of continuous industrial Production on roads or belts by pressure rollers and discontinuous industrial manufacture in forms of any kind by pneumatic, hydraulic or other mechanical pressure. The higher the pressure, the lower the proportion of binder can be achieved. It can be reduced to 10 parts by weight and less. Thereby the requirements of the different demands on the drainage ability of the covering by choosing the appropriate grain size of the filler granulate.

The drainage capacity of the covering - even with very fine fiber material -can be ensured or even increased by the fact that the mixture is water-softening Means are added or that the covering BEZW before commissioning. in certain Intervals during use with treated with water-softening agents will.

In the case of the processing methods outlined, there are casting respectively.

Pressed parts, which are mainly stored horizontally and so on their There are contact points interconnected fibers. Horizontally stored Fiber connections then also form the surface of the covering and the covering parts. This type of fiber layer is very beneficial for pure pressure and weight loading. However, in order to absorb shear forces that affect the individual fiber along its entire length exposed, the surface of the pavement is solidified with a colorless or colored plastic sealing using spray or brushing methods, so fine that the open pores of the covering do not clog and the Drainage effect is preserved.

In cases of increased abrasion, shear or similar stress, in particular, e.g. by scratching in horse stables, high contact pressure is sufficient additional surface strengthening in the case of horizontally stored fibers does not always rely on the wear resistance of the covering, because the horizontal one Fiber naturally offers the scratching forces of a horse's hoof more surface to attack than the intersection of a perpendicular fiber, the same with others vertical fibers through the binder inside and on the surface of the covering is solidified to form a fiber composite over the entire surface of the covering. The drainage capacity is by no means lost. In contrast to the horizontal lying fiber increases this variant of the drainage floor covering with the vertical embedded fiber even the drainage ability, because this fiber direction is the natural Corresponds to the liquid drainage from top to bottom. Otherwise, on the small Surface of a cross-cut fiber not so much liquid remains, as is the case on the entire surface of the horizontally lying fiber.

This results in the production of the drainage floor covering the following processes: 1. Liquid introduction of a fiber or. Schnitzel / binder mixture (possibly with the addition of grain granules) on the spot, compacting and cold heating to a homogeneous covering, especially because of the additional drainage devices and elements reference is made to the patent application dated April 4, 1975.

2. Industrial prefabrication of molded parts with predominantly horizontal Fiber layer (sheets, mats, etc.) after the casting and pressing process or endless webs on production lines or belts - if necessary, compressed and with the supply of heat -, whereby for the laying, especially because of the better adhesion when gluing the molded parts together1 the edges of these molded parts by cutting, grinding, Milling or sawing can be made more adhesive-proof (e.g. when working with release agents has been).

An additional safety factor in terms of non-slip and more durable laying of the covering can already be in the shape of the Kind be provided that through corresponding recesses on the edges of the moldings When laying, there are teeth that are attached to one another by gluing.

Here, too, the additional drainage options from the patent application dated 04/04/1975.

3. Industrial production of blocks in such a way that the already described Mixing (compacted or uncompacted and possibly under the influence of heat) in blocks or strands, which are then chopped into blocks, hardens. There will be blocks now in a horizontal direction, i.e. parallel to the grain, or in a vertical direction Direction, i.e. across the grain, to panels, mats, webs, etc., sawn or cut up. In the latter, the effect already described results that the The surface of the pavement consists almost exclusively of the cut surfaces of vertical fibers, through the binder to a homogeneous Surface connected. Drainage grooves on the undersides of the covering according to the patent application dated April 4, 1975 are introduced by milling. These can be grooves that only run in one direction, but also to a system of grooves in the longitudinal and transverse direction, which is what the laying of the covering parts permitted in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Incidentally, should also be here the additional drainage elements from the patent application dated April 4, 1975 were used will.

Regarding the laying and gluing of the individual tiles and For the corresponding precautions and aids, what has been said about 2. applies accordingly.

An additional spray or brush seal can be used in all three processes take place respectively. the coating with the grain or fleece already described respectively fabric-like materials. To 1. and 2. this coating or the embedding of stones and plate material already in combination with the not yet set Mixing takes place, to 3.

this must be done by an adhesive connection.

For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following Figures pointed out: Fig. 1 shows in cross section a manufactured in a horizontal fiber layer as a single molded part or part of the drainage floor covering sawn from a block.

FIG. 2 shows the possible grain coating of the covering according to FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 indicates in cross section the method of block manufacture and Further processing, the lines from A to B and from C to D indicating the cutting direction when sawing the block according to the horizontal grain and the lines Point from E to F and from G to H across the grain.

Fig. 4 is a covering part which is obtained by sawing a block across the Fiber orientation is created.

Fig. 5 shows how, for example, drainage grooves in the Covering can be milled.

Figures 6 to 8 show with reference to the patent application dated April 4, 1975 (Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7) the installation of additional drainage elements.

Fig. 9 indicates the possibility of solidification of the individual facing parts when laying to each other, namely through a simple interlocking.

Fig. 10 provides the so-called dovetail teeth.

Otherwise, reference is made to the representations from the application from April 4, 1975 referenced. There it was stated in detail what the inventor was looking for in a drainage stable floor covering What matters: optimal drainage, combined with wear and slip resistance. Since these requirements are fundamentally for many floor coverings, mainly in outdoor use and in wet rooms, extended patent protection is requested in this direction.

The starting point is that of a mixture of fibers BEZW. Schnitzel (Old rubber, natural, synthetic fibers or chips) and elastic or hard Binders, mainly based on plastic, with the addition of color pigments, water-softening agents Agents, anti-aging agents and possibly other fillers uncompacted or Drainable floor covering produced under compacting pressure over a large area in the casting process on site or in prefabricated ones that can be glued together Individual parts, the first production result in each case being a product with predominantly horizontally arranged fiber structure 10 according to FIG. Mat pieces (directly as shaped pieces or from blocks according to Fig. 3 line A to B and C to D by sawing out) respectively.

manufactured in endless lengths and then laid by gluing will.

The choice of binder and proportion of binder determines the Degree of compression, exposure to heat, catalysts, activators, other Fillers, etc. elasticity or hardness of the covering after setting.

In order to increase the wear resistance of the lining, the Covering a colorless or colored plastic spray or brush seal can be applied, but the open structure and thus the drainage capacity receives. Another way to increase wear resistance without loss of drainage properties, according to FIG. 2, is the application or introduction of a granular Wear layer (split, gravel, rubber grain, etc.) 11 on or in the pavement surface, namely by gluing or by applying and pressing into the not yet set Mixture and the bond that takes place during curing. In the surface of not yet set mixture can also be concrete, clay or other stones, stone respectively Insert ceramic plates, leaving joints for drainage in between have to.

When increased shear forces occur, resistance is provided to reduce the impact of these shear forces. This happens because a block according to FIG. 3 from E to F and G to H in plates, mats or webs across is sawn to a predominantly horizontal grain.

This means that only the interfaces are on the surface of the covering which is anchored vertically by the binder within the covering according to FIG. 4 respectively connected fibers 12 free, so that the attack surface, namely the entire Length of a horizontally lying fiber is not applicable.

Incidentally, the vertical fiber course corresponds to the natural one Flow behavior of liquid media and thus increases the drainage capacity. An additional Plastic spray or brush sealing makes the surface even more resistant, without losing the drainage capacity.

The additional drainage elements 13, 14, 15 and 16 according to FIG. 5> is Fig. 8 correspond to the patent application dated April 4, 1975.

The anchoring of the individual tiles when laying can be done both by gluing on the sub-floor as well as just by gluing the individual covering parts with each other to a homogeneous surface as well as additionally by toothing 17, 18 according to FIGS. 9 and 10.

Claims

Claims (7)

Claims 1. Process for the production of drainage floor coverings, characterized in that in particular fibrous BEZW. fiber-like or shredded material in any granulation that can be varied as required - Mainly shredded old rubber from car tires, but also natural, textile or Synthetic fibers - possibly with the addition of granular additional filler the same or of other origin such as the fiber or used. Pulp with a binding agent, predominantly based on plastics (including polyurethane, polyester, epoxy resins) in low Proportions by weight and - if necessary - with the addition of activators, catalysts, Accelerators, color pigments, water-softening agents and possibly Anti-aging agents processed in this way to form a drainage floor covering is that the fiber, schnitzel or. grain-like filler material in the mixing or spraying process encased by the binding agents with the addition of the other components and then cold or with heat supply (mainly by injecting hot air into the still uncompacted mixture), compacted or uncompacted, caused to harden is, with the fiber or. Grain material by means of the binder at the points of contact connects so that open spaces remain for the drainage function, the can also be supported by the fact that a) the covering as an additional drainage element a / in the same process as for the top layer bound layer is underlaid, which consists of coarse fibers, chips or grain material, alternatively one synthetic thread three-dimensional mat is provided, b) instead of as an additional Drainage elements provided underlays on the underside of the flooring, drainage grooves or nubs are provided, ~ / untied or c) the lower one Part of the covering is mainly made from rubber powder (but also from other suitable fine Fillers) and an elastically flexible or hard binder waterproof or. water-repellent as a wedge, with the sloping and water-draining surface in any Direction, is formed and is so connected to the upper part of the pavement, d) between the upper covering part and the wedge attached below as an additional one Drainage element a more coarse-pored bezw compared to the upper covering. coarser fibers Layer, a three-dimensional loop made of synthetic threads or made of wire mesh respectively -network existing mat is inserted, e) liquid barrier and drainage slope of the covering within the same by a film inserted at a sloping angle produced or by film formation on the composite surfaces or one of the composite surfaces can be achieved by two wedge-shaped covering parts, f) instead of the formed as a wedge lower lining part of the liquid drainage achieved is that the lower lining part made of finer fillers is more even Edge height made, but provided with drainage grooves, which are created in the slope is. 2. A method for the production of drainage floor coverings according to claim 1, characterized in that the Auf- BEZW. Introduction of the covering to a hardening coherent homogeneous surface in still liquid form in place Compaction and, if necessary, exposure to heat required, with the sub-floor with Separating agents can be provided in order to avoid the connection of the covering with this and to ensure that the floor covering is removed at all times. 3. A method for the production of drainage floor coverings according to claim 1, characterized in that the covering is industrially arbitrary in individual molded parts Design or continuously produced in endless webs, compressed or can be uncompacted, cold-curing or manufactured with the addition of heat, wherein Edges and sides of the molded parts or endless webs by cutting, sawing, milling, Sanding or similar straightened, roughened and of release agents and too solid or too smooth material layers respectively. -connections are exempt, so that when laying for every type of gluing, especially with that as a binding agent for the covering unfilled plastic is used, a better adhesion is achieved. 4. Process for the production of drainage floor coverings according to the claims 1 and 3, characterized in that in forms or on continuously working Ribbons or Roads compacted or uncompacted blocks or strands cold-curing or with the supply of heat, in particular by injecting hot air into the mixture, are produced, which BEZW either parallel to the fiber layer. -direction or across to this in plates, mats, sheets or other shaped parts are sawed, the by milling drainage grooves on the underside of the pavement in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction can be post-treated. 5. Process for the production of drainage floor coverings according to the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each variant of the drainage floor covering is one colorless or colored plastic surface spray or brush sealer, a non-woven, woven or granular surface coating can be obtained, wherein the coating also consists in that concrete, clay or other Stones, stone and ceramic plates or similar plate material so into the surface embedded resp. be connected to this that sufficient joint spacing between ensures that the individual stones or slabs can drain. 6. A method for the production of drainage floor coverings according to the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that for laying and gluing in terms of on the solidification of the covering parts with one another, recesses at the edges of the molded parts (Plates, mats, webs, etc.) are provided in such a way that gears of different Kind are possible. 7. A method for the production of drainage floor coverings according to the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the one or more subsequent treatment of the Covering after laying by spraying with water or other solvents dissolved water-softening agents accelerate the drainage of water, whereby through simultaneous addition of disinfectants cleaning and disinfection are carried out can.