EP0494578B1 - Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen von flachen keramischen Werkstücken und dergleichen - Google Patents

Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen von flachen keramischen Werkstücken und dergleichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0494578B1
EP0494578B1 EP91500145A EP91500145A EP0494578B1 EP 0494578 B1 EP0494578 B1 EP 0494578B1 EP 91500145 A EP91500145 A EP 91500145A EP 91500145 A EP91500145 A EP 91500145A EP 0494578 B1 EP0494578 B1 EP 0494578B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
piece
lever
machine
levers
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91500145A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0494578A1 (de
Inventor
Francisco Lozano Carbonell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Germans Boada SA
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Germans Boada SA
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Publication of EP0494578A1 publication Critical patent/EP0494578A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/22—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by cutting, e.g. incising
    • B28D1/225—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by cutting, e.g. incising for scoring or breaking, e.g. tiles

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a machine intended to facilitate the cutting and subsequent breaking of flat ceramic pieces and the like, such as paving tiles, terrazzo and other items intended for use in construction as flooring, lining and revetment in general, a machine which simplifies extraordinarily many operations which normally require either skill on the part of an operative or the use of specially designed breaking devices when it is necessary to separate pieces previously marked by a cutting line.
  • the use of two independent elements involves the removal of the piece from the former in order to subject it to the action of the latter.
  • the known devices, and in particular the manual ones are difficult to use with thick ceramic pieces and cannot be used with hard materials, such as might be the case with terrazzos or similar items.
  • the static devices have the disadvantage that they are, in practice, only intended for use with pieces of a predetermined thickness and not for use with hard materials (terrazzos and similar items) which still require cutting either manually or using disk cutters, or other more complex devices whose cost is not always within reach.
  • Said machine is provided with a sliding support for the cutting or marking tool, its movements being controlled manually using the appropriate lever, and comprises the breaking mechanism located in the centre of said lever, coinciding in position with the theoretical longitudinal displacement axis of said tool, the breaking mechanism being constituted by two oscillating levers, the first of which is positioned over the support base for the piece to be cut on the machine, and the second is positioned under the cutting plane and centered with respect to the first, coinciding with the plane of action of the tool for cutting or marking the piece.
  • Said levers which are joined together at their rear end by a spring, are activated by a common cam which acts on their respective rear ends and which is operated by a manual lever.
  • the front, or resistance, arm of the first of the aforementioned levers is formed by two parallel branches, situated on either side of the theoretical central axis, which coincides with the plane of action of the cutting tool, and said branches form elbow bends which point towards the surface of the piece to be cut, and determine the contact points with the same at the time of breakage.
  • the second lever is also provided with an elbow bend at its front end, finishing in a tip which determines the bearing point for the piece to be broken. This bearing point is located facing an opening in the support base of the machine, through which it is allowed to emerge in the breakage position.
  • the machine which is object of the invention is of the type described above and is characterised in that the rotation axis of the upper lever is mounted able to slide in a radial and substantially vertical plane, through long slots or slides of the support housing of the mechanism, and at the same time passes through an eccentric toothed opening of one or more components (28), formed in the shape of a circular sector, which are also able to oscillate around a shaft which is in its turn mounted on the previously mentioned support housing and situated in a plane which substantially coincides with that of the axis of the lever, the oscillation axis of the upper lever, which passes through the eccentric toothed openings of the components being supported on the end of a rocker arm articulated on a shaft mounted on the housing itself and subjected to the action of a rear spring which tends to maintain the rocker arm in permanent contact with the axis.
  • Both levers are supplied with loose rollers at their rear end, by means of which they are in contact with their action cam, against which they are pressed by one or more common springs, attached to the rear ends of said levers.
  • Said cam has three different working areas, one of which forms a projection with a small recess in which there fits, in the rest position, the roller of the upper lever.
  • This projection is formed with lateral walls which terminate, on one side, in a curved eccentric region, and, on the other side, in an opposite concentric region, linked together by a depressed segment into which fits, in like manner in the rest position, the roller attached to the lower lever.
  • the eccentric region of the cam controls the progressive approach, with growing force, of the elbowed ends of the upper lever towards the piece to be broken, whilst the concentric region raises slightly the tip of the elbowed end of the lever which supports the piece, and keeps it in a permanently fixed position during the breaking operation.
  • Lateral arms are hingedly mounted on the support base of the piece to be cut on the machine, whose role is to serve as a support of said piece when its surface is wider than said base.
  • the support base which is provided with a conventional graduated rear support guide of the piece to be cut, is additionally equipped with a rule-like component, with one end bent in a U shape towards one side and with a short segment at right angles on the opposite side. This rule is so positioned that it may be introduced as required through openings or channels in the graduated guide.
  • figure 1 is a perspective view, partially sectioned, of a machine
  • figure 2 corresponds to a detail, similarly in sectioned perspective, of the active organs of the breaking mechanism
  • figure 3 is a view in elevation of the area of operation of the actuator cam of the breaking device lever
  • figure 4 is a partial perspective view in section of the device for adjustment of the breaking mechanism
  • figure 5 is a top view which shows a part of the machine with the complementary, support elements for the pieces to be cut
  • figures 6 to 8 offer schematic outlines of the the principal work phases of the breaking device.
  • the machine represented in the aforementioned drawings comprises, in conventional form, a sliding support -1- in which is fixed the tool -2- for cutting or marking the piece P, which is to be broken up, subjected to said support -1- by means of the lever fitted with the handle -3- operated by hand.
  • the support -1- slides along the guide bars -4- which are sustained by two sets of end supports -5-, between which is located the housing -6-, which is centrally situated and coincides in its position with the theoretical longitudinal displacement axis of said tool -2-.
  • the housing -6- contains the breaking mechanism, which is constituted by two opposing oscillating levers -7- and -8-, the first of which is situated over the support base B for the piece P which is to be cut on the machine, and the second below the plane of that piece, and centered with respect to the first lever, coinciding with the plane of operation of the tool -2- for cutting or marking the piece.
  • the breaking mechanism which is constituted by two opposing oscillating levers -7- and -8-, the first of which is situated over the support base B for the piece P which is to be cut on the machine, and the second below the plane of that piece, and centered with respect to the first lever, coinciding with the plane of operation of the tool -2- for cutting or marking the piece.
  • Said levers -7- and -8- are joined at their rear end by springs -9- and are operated by a common cam -10- (figure 3) which acts on said rear ends and which is driven by a manually operated lever -11-.
  • the axis -12- of the lever -7- is positioned towards the front half, in a way which determines an action arm greater than the resistance arm which is applied to the piece to be broken.
  • the forward, or resistance, arm of the first mentioned lever -7- forms two parallel branches -13-, situated on either side of the central theoretical axis, and said branches -13- form elbow bends -14- directed towards the surface of the piece to be cut P, which determine the points of contact with the piece at the time of breaking.
  • the lower lever -8- is hingedly mounted on the shaft -12a- and is also provided with an elbowed forward terminal end -15-, culminating in a tip -16- which constitutes the bearing point of the piece P when breaking takes place.
  • This bearing point -16- is situated facing an opening -17- in the support base B of the machine, through which it is allowed to emerge in the breaking position.
  • Both levers -7- and -8- are provided, at their rear ends, with loose rollers -18,19- by means of which they are in contact with their driving cam -10-, being pressured against said cam by common springs -9- joined to the rear ends of the said levers -7- and -8-.
  • the cam -10- offers three different working areas -20-, -21- and -22- (figure 3), the first of which forms a projection with a small recess -20a- into which fits, in the rest position, the roller -18- of the upper lever -7-.
  • the projection -20- is formed with lateral sides -23- and -24- which terminate, on one side, in a curved eccentric region -21- and on the other in the opposite concentric region -22-, linked together via a depressed segment -25- into which fits, similarly in the rest position, the roller -19- joined to the lower lever -8-.
  • the eccentric region -21- of the cam -10- controls the progressive approach, with increasing force, of the elbowed ends -14- of the upper lever -7- towards the piece to be broken P, while the concentric region -22- initially raises slightly the tip -16- of the elbowed end -15- of the lever -8- which supports said piece and maintains it in a permanently fixed position throughout the breaking operation.
  • the -12- of the upper lever -7- is mounted in a way that enables it to slide in a radial and substantially vertical plane, through long slots or slides -26- in the support housing -6- of the mechanism, traversing at the same time the eccentric toothed opening -27- of oscillating end components -28- in the form of circular sectors, fixed to a shaft -29- mounted on the previously mentioned support housing and situated in a plane which again coincides substantially with that of the axis -12- of the lever -7-, the shaft -29- being fitted with an operating lever -29a-.
  • the axis -12- of the lever -7- which passes through the eccentric toothed opening -27- of the components -28-, is supported on the end of a rocker arm -30- articulated on the shaft -31- mounted on the housing -6-and subject to the action of the rear spring -32-, which tends to maintain the rocker arm in permanent contact with the shaft -12-.
  • articulated folding arms -33- whose purpose is to provide support for said piece P when its surface area is larger than that allowed for by the base B (figure 5).
  • the machine is equipped, in combination with the graduated conventional guide G for rear support for the piece to be cut, placed on the base B of the machine, with a rule-like component -34-, with one end bent in a U shape -35- towards one side and with a short segment -36- at right angles on the opposite side.
  • Said rule can be introduced, in the required position, in the openings or passageways of said graduated guide which supports the piece, whether this be outside the area of the base B (position P′ in dashed lines) or in the interior of the base (position P ⁇ ).
  • the proceure takes the conventional form of placing the piece P over the base B, by which it is supported, and sliding the tool -2-, which will mark the cutting line.
  • the procedure for breaking is in accordance with the phases schematically represented in figures 6 to 8, according to which the piece P is placed flat on the base B (figure 6) with the elbowed end -14- of the branch -13- of the lever -7- being slightly separated from the piece (in the rest position), while the rollers -18- and -19- remain engaged in the recesses -22- and -25- of the cam.
  • the piece P will be positioned on the base B and laterally supported, either on the elbowed end -36- of the rule -34- (position P′ in figure 5) or against the elbowed U shaped end -35- (position P ⁇ ), and respectively supported between the base and the auxiliary support -33-, when the dimensions of the piece P exceed those of the base B itself, or exclusively by the base B, in the case of normal dimensions.
  • the initial position of the lever -7- is adjusted according to the thickness of the piece in question, in order that its elbowed ends -14- are sufficiently separated from the base B to allow the introduction of pieces of variable thicknesses. To accomplish this adjustment it is sufficient to operate the lever -29a-, connected to the shaft -29- which turns the component -28-, until the shaft -12-is positioned in the most appropriate setting within one of the teeth of the eccentric toothed opening -27-.
  • the use of a machine with the specified characteristics in addition to facilitating the cutting of such pieces, also offers the inherent advantage of allowing the pieces to be broken along the marked cutting lines, being adaptable to the thicknesses and dimensions that may be presented.
  • the special arrangement of the lever -7- allows for the exercise of an extraordinarily large pressure over the piece P, with the consequence that it is possible to break pieces of a thickness and hardness greater than those of normal ceramics (terrazzos or similar items), thus broadening the range of application of this type of machines.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen flacher keramischer Teile (P) und dergleichen des Typs, der mit einem gleitenden Halter (1) für das Schneide- oder Markierwerkzeug (2) versehen ist, dessen Bewegung manuell unter Verwendung eines geeigneten Hebels (3) gesteuert wird und die einen Brechmechanismus besitzt, der von zwei hin- und herbewegbaren Hebeln (7, 8) gebildet wird, von denen der erste oberhalb des Haltegrundteils (B) für das auf der Maschine zu schneidende Teil (P) und der zweite unter der Schneidebene angeordnet und bezüglich des ersten ausgerichtet ist, wobei er mit der Wirkungsebene des Werkzeugs (2) zum Schneiden bzw. Markieren des Teils zusammenfällt; wobei die Hebel, die an ihrem hinteren Ende durch eine oder mehrere Federn (9) verbunden sind, mittels eines gemeinsamen Steuerprofils (10) betätigbar sind, das auf die deren jeweilige hintere Enden wirkt und mittels eines manuellen Hebels (11) betätigt wird; wobei der vordere bzw. gegenwirkende Arm des ersten der vorerwähnten Hebel aus zwei parallelen Verzweigungen (13) gebildet ist, die an jeder Seite der theoretischen zentralen Achse, die mit der Wirkungsebene des Schneidwerkzeugs (2) zusammenfällt, liegen und in abgewinkelten Abschnitten (14) enden, die zur Fläche des zu schneidenden Teils (P) weisen und die Kontaktpunkte mit diesem beim Brechen festlegen, während der gegenüberliegende Hebel (8) ebenfalls mit einem abgewinkelten Abschnitt an seinem vorderen Ende (15) versehen ist, der in einer Spitze (16) mündet, welche den Brechpunkt für das zerbrechende Teil (P) bestimmt, wobei dieser Brechpunkt so angeordnet ist, daß er auf eine Öffnung (17) in dem Haltegrundteil (B) der Maschine weist, wodurch es möglich ist, in der Brechstellung herauszutreten,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Drehachse (12) des oberen Hebels (7) in einer radialen und im wesentlichen vertikalen Ebene durch lange Schlitze bzw. Schienen (26) des Lagergehäuses (6) des Mechanismus gleitend verschiebbar montiert ist und gleichzeitig durch eine exzentrisch verzahnte Öffnung (27) einer oder mehrerer Komponenten (28) tritt, die in Form eines Kreisabschnitts gebildet sind, welche auch um einen Schaft (29) hin und her bewegbar sind, der seinerseits an dem zuvor erwähnten Lagergehäuse (6) montiert und in einer Ebene angeordnet ist, die im wesentlichen mit der der Achse (12) des Hebels (7) zusammenfällt, wobei die Achse (12) für die Hin- und Herbewegung des oberen Hebels (7), die durch die exzentrisch verzahnten Öffnungen (27) der Komponenten (28) tritt, auf dem Ende einer Armschwinge (30) gelagert ist, die an einer Welle (31) angelenkt ist, welche mit dem Gehäuse (6) selbst montiert ist und die der Wirkung einer hinteren Feder (32) ausgesetzt ist, die die Armschwinge (30) in ständiger Berührung mit der Achse (12) zu halten trachtet.
  2. Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen flacher Keramikteile und dergleichen nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß beide Hebel (7, 8) mit losen Walzen (18, 19) an ihrem hintern Ende versehen sind, mittels derer sie in Kontakt mit ihrer Antriebssteuerkurve (10) sind, gegen die sie mittels der gemeinsamen Feder (9) gedrückt werden, die an den hinteren Enden der Hebel (7, 8) angebracht sind.
  3. Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen flacher Keramikteile und dergleichen nach Anspruch 1 und 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Steuerkurve (10) drei verschiedene Arbeitsbereiche (20, 21, 22) aufweist, von denen einer (20) einen vorstehenden Abschnitt mit einer kleinen Ausnehmung (20a) bildet, in der in der Ruhestellung die Rolle (18) des oberen Hebels (7) sitzt, wobei dieser Ansatz mit seitlichen Wänden (23, 24) gebildet ist, die an einer Seite in einem gekrümmten exzentrischen Bereich (21) und auf der anderen Seite an einem weiteren gegenüberliegenden konzentrischen Bereich (22) münden, wobei die Bereiche mittels eines eingezogenen Abschnitts (25) verbunden sind, in den in ähnlicher Weise in der Ruhestellung die Rolle (19) passend sitzt, die an dem unteren Hebel (8) angebracht ist.
  4. Maschine zum Teilen und Trennen flacher Keramikteile und dergleichen nach Anspruch 1 - 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Arme (33) an beiden Seiten des Haltegrundteils (B) des auf der Maschine zu scheidenden Teils (P) gelenkig montiert sind, wobei die Arme (33) als Halter für das Teil dienen sollen, wenn dessen Abmessung größer als die Breite des Grundteils (B) ist und wobei weiterhin in Kombination mit einer herkömmlichen gestuften rückseitigen Halterführung (G) des zu schneidenden Teils, mit dem die Maschine versehen ist, ein zollstockähnliches Teil (34) vorgesehen ist, dessen eines Ende (35) in einer U-Form zu einer Seite und mit einem kurzen Abschnitt (36) unter rechten Winkeln an der gegenüberliegenden Seite gebogen ist.
EP91500145A 1991-01-04 1991-12-18 Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen von flachen keramischen Werkstücken und dergleichen Expired - Lifetime EP0494578B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9100016A ES2027568A6 (es) 1991-01-04 1991-01-04 Maquina cortadora-seraradora de piezas planas de ceramica y similares.
ES9100016 1991-01-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0494578A1 EP0494578A1 (de) 1992-07-15
EP0494578B1 true EP0494578B1 (de) 1995-11-22

Family

ID=8270657

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91500145A Expired - Lifetime EP0494578B1 (de) 1991-01-04 1991-12-18 Maschine zum Schneiden und Trennen von flachen keramischen Werkstücken und dergleichen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0494578B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE130542T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69114826T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0494578T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2027568A6 (de)
GR (1) GR3019022T3 (de)
PT (1) PT99977B (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2101611B1 (es) * 1992-08-07 1998-03-16 Boada Germans Sa Maquina cortadora-separadora de piezas planas de ceramica y similares
US6269994B1 (en) * 1999-05-12 2001-08-07 North American Tile Tool Company Manual tile cutter
ITMI20112289A1 (it) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-17 Montolit Brevetti Tagliapiastrelle per grandi formati con spacco comandato a distanza.
ES2502040B1 (es) * 2013-03-01 2015-07-07 Bellota Herramientas, S.A. Sistema de rotura monopunto ambidiestro para máquinas cortadoras de cerámica.
ES2583358B1 (es) * 2015-03-20 2017-06-29 Germans Boada, S.A. Cabezal de corte y separación para cortadoras manuales de cerámica
ES2633609B1 (es) * 2016-03-21 2018-06-27 Germans Boada, S.A. Dispositivo separador aplicable a cortadoras manuales de cerámica
ES2677006B1 (es) * 2017-01-26 2019-05-07 Boada Germans Sa Dispositivo de autorregulacion de un cabezal de corte para cortadoras mono-guia

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE892125C (de) * 1951-12-23 1953-10-05 Wilhelm Harrer Geraet zum Beschneiden von Fliesen und Platten
GB861670A (en) * 1959-03-02 1961-02-22 Erwin Krebs Improvements relating to grips or wrenches
FR1405604A (fr) * 1964-07-28 1965-07-09 Pince d'établi
ES176899Y (es) * 1972-01-26 1973-05-01 Hermanos Boada, S. A. Dispositivo para partir baldosas y similares.
JPS57170706A (en) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-21 Ishii Chiyoukou Kougu Seisakus Tile cutter
EP0283597A3 (de) * 1987-02-25 1989-12-06 Bernhard Joseph Wallis Einspanneinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3019022T3 (en) 1996-05-31
PT99977B (pt) 1997-09-30
DE69114826D1 (de) 1996-01-04
DK0494578T3 (da) 1996-03-11
EP0494578A1 (de) 1992-07-15
ATE130542T1 (de) 1995-12-15
PT99977A (pt) 1994-04-29
DE69114826T2 (de) 1996-06-27
ES2027568A6 (es) 1992-06-01

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