EP0489881A1 - Procede de fabrication de tubes canneles. - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication de tubes canneles.Info
- Publication number
- EP0489881A1 EP0489881A1 EP91911792A EP91911792A EP0489881A1 EP 0489881 A1 EP0489881 A1 EP 0489881A1 EP 91911792 A EP91911792 A EP 91911792A EP 91911792 A EP91911792 A EP 91911792A EP 0489881 A1 EP0489881 A1 EP 0489881A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- cylinders
- grooves
- welding
- pair
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010964 304L stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000725916 Homo sapiens Putative tumor antigen NA88-A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027596 Putative tumor antigen NA88-A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
- B21C37/0803—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams the tubes having a special shape, e.g. polygonal tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
- B21C37/083—Supply, or operations combined with supply, of strip material
Definitions
- the process which is the subject of the invention relates to the manufacture of caned metal tubes, used principally but not exclusively in heat exchangers, in order to improve the conditions of heat transfer and therefore the thermal efficiency, all other things being equal. , while having the necessary characteristics of corrosion resistance and mechanical resistance.
- It consists in producing a very long tube, fluted on at least one face, in a metal or alloy belonging to the group comprising stainless or refractory steels, titanium or titanium alloys, alloys having in their composition in elements of alloy combined at least 40% by weight of one or more of the following metals: Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Ta Nb, Ti, Zr, Al and Hf.
- a strip of a metal or alloy of the group thus defined and of rectangular section is subjected continuously to the following successive operations: engagement of the strip through a first guide means along a transformation axis, then passage through at least one pair of cylinders, at least one of which comprises a set of grooves, the tightening of these cylinders being sufficient to form corresponding grooves on the strip, an area of non-grooved margin being reserved in the vicinity of each of the two lateral edges, then engagement of the grooved strip through bending means which bend it transversely until it has a generally circular cross-section, the lateral edges thus being brought closer to each other, then passing to the right of the welding means which carry out the welding to one another of the two edges of the strip, continuously, then passing to the right of cutting means which cut The tube in sections of determined length.
- the first guide means comprises a pair of cylinders between which the metal strip is engaged, one of these cylinders having guide flanges between which passes the strip, the distance between these flanges being equal to the width of the strip with a low clearance and their height being substantially equal to the thickness of the strip so that, the two cylinders being brought towards each other, the passage section between the cylinders is substantially equal to the section of the strip and ensures thus precise guiding of this strip along the transformation axis.
- the metal strip When it is proposed to groove the metal strip on both sides, it is passed through at least one pair of cylinders, one of which has a set of raised grooves and the other a corresponding set of hollow grooves.
- these grooves on the cylinders are of revolution so as to produce corrugations parallel to the transformation axis.
- the metal strip When it is proposed to groove the metal strip on only one of its two faces, it is passed through at least one pair of cylinders, one of which has a straight generator Line parallel to its axis of revolution and The other a fluted generator. Preferably, these grooves are of revolution. Preferably also, to produce grooves on one. single side of a metal strip, this is passed through at least two and advantageously 3 to 4 pairs of reduction cylinders each comprising a grooved cylinder.
- the clamping pressure of the pair or pairs of groove forming cylinders is adjusted so as to obtain, after forming the grooves, a determined thickness and width of the strip. He can be thus interesting to work at constant bandwidth, which allows on the same tube to produce, without modifying the setting on the line of the bending and welding means, at regular intervals of the parts of smooth tubes, that is to say say without grooves, having the same outside diameter as the tube in its grooved part, this by spreading the grooved cylinders at regular time intervals for a given duration, the strip then being able to freely deflect.
- Such Smooth parts of the same outside diameter as the grooved parts and located at the ends of the tubes after the cut to length thereof can be useful for mounting or assembling the cane tubes on a tubular plate for example a heat exchanger plate. heat.
- the metal strip is passed through an additional pair of cylinders. at least one of which is caneLé and at least one of which is provided with lateral guide flanges whose spacing corresponds to the width of the fluted strip, with little play.
- the height of these guide flanges is determined for that, coming into abutment against the opposite cylinder, the passage width is such that the profile of the grooves formed on the strip corresponds to that of the grooves of the corresponding cylinder (s).
- shoulders of determined height are produced on each side of the grooved zone of a cylinder of said pair of guide cylinders, over the width of the margin zone, to give this margin zone the targeted thickness. .
- the or the grooved cylinder (s) used (s) have (s) grooves inclined relative to the generatrices of any angle less than or equal to ninety degrees.
- the latter undergoes forming of the two margin zones by passing between rollers to give each of them a determined curvature for welding.
- the general bending of the fluted strip is advantageously carried out by means of forming rollers, of convex or concave generators which bend the strip transversely in passing, the final bending being able to be carried out through a die, or by rollers with circular grooves.
- the two edges of the metal strip are preferably chosen from the group comprising: arc welding in a neutral atmosphere with consumable or non-consumable electrode.
- at least one heat treatment is carried out continuously, after welding, of the cane tube and before or after parting off, depending on the nature of the metal or alloy of the strip.
- Figure 1 is a general diagram of the method of producing grooved tubes according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 represents a pair of barbed cylinders for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents, enlarged, the grooves of the cylinders of FIG. 3.
- Figure 5 shows, enlarged, the grooves of a pair of guide cylinders for the implementation of the following method the invention.
- FIG. 6 represents the means for bending the grooved strip for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 represents the welding means making it possible to obtain a tube caneLé by the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 schematically represents a rolling mill with 6 pairs of cylinders for producing, by the method according to the invention, a roded tube on one side.
- Figure 9 is a schematic view of a means for forming the margin areas of a fluted strip by the method according to the invention.
- Example 1 The method according to the invention is implemented to produce a fluted tube on both sides, in the form of a set of corrugations parallel to its axis, from a strip, wound in a reel, of type 304L stainless steel (AISI) corresponding to AFNOR Z2CN18-10 standard.
- AISI type 304L stainless steel
- FIG 1 is an overall diagram, not detailed, showing the successive stages of the process.
- the metal strip 1, wound, is mounted on an unwinding device, not shown, which enables its end to be engaged along arrow F1 along the axis of transformation Xo-Xo.
- the strip 1 first engages in a rolling mill 2 comprising three pairs of cylinders 3, 10, 13 in series.
- the first pair 3, of guide, comprises smooth cylinders 4, 5 which are shown enlarged in FIG. 2 in the plane of which are their axes X1 - X1 and X2 - X2.
- the upper cylinder 5 has a smooth generator parallel to its axis X2 - X2; the lower cylinder 4, also smooth, has at each end a circular rim 6, 7, of radial height "e" relative to the generator 9 parallel to the axis X1 - X1.
- This height “e” is substantially equal to the thickness of the strip to be laminated and the internal spacing "11" of the flanges 6, 7 is substantially equal to The width of the strip, increased by a minimum clearance.
- the spacing of the cylinders 4, 5 is preferably adjusted so that the flanges 6, 7 come to bear against the cylinder 5.
- the second pair of cylinders 10 comprises, as shown in FIG. 3, two canned cylinders 11 and 12 whose axes X3-X3, X4-X4 are in the plane of this figure 3.
- the lower cylinder 11 is canneLé hollow and the upper cylinder 12 in relief.
- Figure 4 shows, enlarged and in section, the working generators of the cylinders 11, 12 over a small part of their length. This FIG.
- the clamping pressure of the cylinders is adjusted, for example, so as to keep the width of the strip constant and the production of the double grooves is accompanied by a reduction in the thickness of the strip and by a slight increase in length.
- the passage of the strip 1 through the last pair 13 of cylinders 14, 15 makes it possible to complete the production of the splines and at the same time ensures the guidance of the fluted strip 1.
- Figure 5, similar to Figure 4, shows in section a fraction of the length of the grooved generators of the cylinders 14, 15 engaged on the strip 1 to give it its final profile and regular thickness. We see the margin zone 17, adjacent to the rim 16, as well as the shoulder 16-1 which makes it possible to control the thickness of this margin zone.
- a similar margin zone is produced in the vicinity of the opposite edge of the strip, not shown, thanks to a second rim and a second shoulder of the same dimensions.
- the internal spacing of these flanges is determined to allow the passage of the grooved strip 1 with little play to ensure satisfactory guidance.
- the fluted strip is bent by means of initial bending means 18, 19 and 20 followed by a final bending means 21, as indicated in FIG. 1. These means are shown more precisely in their principle in FIG. 6 on which each of these means, represented along the Xo-Xo transformation axis, has undergone a 90 ° rotation to reveal its mode of action on the fluted metal strip 1.
- the means 18 is a roller, with a convex generator 18-1, against which abuts The face of the grooved strip 1 which will become the inner face of the tube.
- the means 19 is a roller, with a concave generator 19-1 which bears against the face of the strip which will become the outer wall of the tube.
- the die 21 makes it possible to give the fluted strip 1 the desired circular section to make a tube of which the two edges are in contact with one another, this die being able to be replaced by a pair of rollers with circular grooves.
- a welding means 22 indicated purely schematically.
- This welding means can be any welding means making it possible to produce a continuous sealed weld.
- Arc welding can be used in particular in a neutral atmosphere using a consumable or non-consumable electrode (MIG or TIG process).
- MIG or TIG process a consumable or non-consumable electrode
- a mandrel not shown, can if necessary be placed inside the tube in line with the welding area and connected upstream to an external support means, not shown.
- This mandrel provides protection of the weld inside the tube by means of scanning the welding area with a neutral gas. Beyond the welding area, the welded tube is driven along arrow F2 by drive means not shown towards cutting means also not shown.
- continuous heat treatment means can be used to give the grooved and welded tube 1 particular characteristics.
- a tube caned on both sides is produced by the method thus described from a strip of stainless steel Z2 CN 18-10 109.5 mm wide and 0.7 mm thick. thickness. After forming the grooves, the thickness of the strip is reduced to 0.62 mm. The overall thickness of the strip, including grooves, reaching 1.58 mm. This strip has 34 undulations and on each side, a margin zone of 2 mm wide. After bending and welding, a tube with an overall outside diameter of 35 mm is obtained.
- EXAMPLE 2 The method according to the invention is implemented for the production of a cane tube, only on the outer face.
- a strip wound in a 430 Ti stainless steel coil (AISI) is used, corresponding to the AFNOR Z2 CT18 standard.
- This strip must have a thickness greater than that which would be necessary for double grooves, of the same height, forming corrugations, because in the case of the present example, the height of the grooves is taken in the thickness of the strip.
- the rolling mill used has 6 pairs of rolls instead of 3 as shown in the diagram in FIG. 8.
- the rolled metal strip 2 is mounted on an unwinding device, not shown, which enables its end to be engaged in the first pair of rollers 32 of the rolling mill 31.
- This first guide pair comprises smooth rolls having the same characteristics as the rolls 4 and 5 of the first guide pair 3 of FIG. 1.
- the next four pairs of cylinders 33, 34 35, 36 each have a smooth upper cylinder and a grooved lower cylinder.
- the width of the grooved zone is determined in the same way as that of the grooved zone of the cylinder 11 of FIGS. 3 and 4 in order to preserve on each side of the metal strip an area of non-grooved margin.
- the profile of the grooves and the tightening of each pair of cylinders are determined so that, at the outlet of pair 36, the grooved strip has reached dimensions very close to the final dimensions targeted.
- the last pair of cylinders 37 plays the role of guiding pair in the direction of the means for bending and then welding the strip like the pair of cylinders 13 -10- of Figure 1.
- the lower cylinder of this pair 37 is grooved in a similar manner to that shown for The lower cylinder 14 in Figure 5.
- this lower cylinder of pair 37 has , on each side of the canneLée zone, a margin zone which extends to a guide rim, similar to the rim 16 of FIG. 5 and a shoulder, similar to the shoulder 16-1 which allows, in cooperation With the Smooth upper cylinder, control the thickness of the margin area.
- the initial and final bending operations then welding are carried out by means similar to those used in the case of Example 1. Additional means, after welding, can be used to ensure the tension of the strip in particularly during bending and then welding, as well as to calibrate it and heat treat it, if necessary, before the final cutting to the desired length.
- a roded tube is produced on the single side using the method thus described, from a strip of Z2 CT 18 steel 108 mm wide and 1.75 mm thick.
- the canneLée strip obtained has an overall thickness of 1.75 mm and a groove depth of 0.65 mm.
- the elongation which depends mainly on the section of the grooves, reaches, in the case of the present example, about 30%.
- the bending is carried out so that the smooth face of the strip is inside the tube and therefore the canneLée face outside. For this, it suffices to put the smooth face of the strip in abutment against the roller with convex generator 18.1 of the bending means 18, the cane face then coming into abutment against the concave generator 19.1 of the bending means 19.
- FIG. 9 shows such a means 38 that one can have upstream of the initial bending means 18.
- this means comprises two pairs of rollers, arranged so as to be crossed each by a zone of margin of a grooved strip such as 1.
- Each pair of rollers comprises a roller with a convex generator 39, 41 and the other with a concave generator 40, 42 so as to curl the edges of the hollow band on the side which will close the internal face of the tube
- the radius of curvature being substantially equal to the radius of the tube to be formed.
- the metal strip is fluted by the method according to the present invention by adjusting the tightening of the pair or pairs of flute forming cylinders so as to keep the strip strip a constant width, equal to the initial width.
- This or these pairs of cylinders are equipped with adjustment means, connected to remote control means, for example computerized, making it possible to perform, in a cyclic, perfectly reproducible manner, at determined time intervals, the following operations at the level of each pair of cylinders: spacing of the cylinders to interrupt any permanent deformation of the strip, keeping the cylinders apart for a precisely determined time, bringing the cylinders closer together to resume grooving with a degree of tightening identical to that which was achieved before the start of the cycle.
- a batch of Z2CT18 type steel tubes for a heat exchanger is produced.
- These tubes 4m long and 35mm in outside diameter, have a wall of about 0.65mm thick and comprising grooves made on a strip 113mm wide by means of a rolling mill with two grooving cages such as as that of FIG. 1, the cages 10 and 13 of which provide the grooving.
- Each of these cages is provided with adjustment means allowing, thanks to appropriate control means to carry out a sufficient spacing of the cylinders, of the order of 3 mm, in approximately 1 second and the return to the initial tightening at the same time. Maintaining 8 seconds in the open position allows for a non-grooved area of approximately 500 mm long.
- the duration of the 8-second cycle corresponds to the passage of a strip length of approximately 500 mm.
- the computerized control means make it possible to execute this cycle at time intervals such as, after rolling and welding the strip.
- the centers of the non-fluted areas of the tube obtained are approximately at a distance from each other of about 4 m. It is thus possible to cut the tube at these media in order to have sections of 4 meters each comprising a non-grooved zone at each end of approximately 150 mm long.
- the computerized control means make it possible to shift the spacing cycle and then to tighten each pair of cylinders so that, in the case for example of FIG. 1, The pair of cylinders 13 does not start to move apart until L 'instant when The beginning of the zone comprising a reduction in the height of the grooves made at the level of the pair of cylinders 10 engages in this rolling mill.
- a fixed spacing comprising, like the first guide pair 3, smooth cylinders, one of the two cylinders being provided with guide flanges.
- the distance between these flanges and their height is determined so that the transverse play is small in order to ensure proper guidance, when the other cages are spaced apart, the fixed spacing of the cylinders allowing passage without deformation of the fluted or non-fluted zones .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9008517 | 1990-06-29 | ||
FR9008517A FR2663869B1 (fr) | 1990-06-29 | 1990-06-29 | Procede de fabrication de tubes canneles. |
PCT/FR1991/000512 WO1992000153A1 (fr) | 1990-06-29 | 1991-06-27 | Procede de fabrication de tubes canneles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0489881A1 true EP0489881A1 (fr) | 1992-06-17 |
EP0489881B1 EP0489881B1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 |
Family
ID=9398373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91911792A Expired - Lifetime EP0489881B1 (fr) | 1990-06-29 | 1991-06-27 | Procede de fabrication de tubes canneles |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0489881B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE125178T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69111393T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2663869B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992000153A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2966235B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-04 | 1999-10-25 | 古舘 忠夫 | 可塑性柔軟砥石 |
US5716259A (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 1998-02-10 | Miller; Paul David | Surface polishing method and system |
US6241579B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2001-06-05 | Auto Wax Company, Inc. | Surface polishing applicator system and method |
NL1009241C2 (nl) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-24 | Omega Laser Systems B V | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een warmtewisselaar, alsmede met die werkwijze verkregen warmtewisselaar. |
TW200940198A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Rachata Leelaprachakul | Processes for textured pipe manufacturer |
PL2643036T3 (pl) | 2010-11-25 | 2018-04-30 | Tecpharma Licensing Ag | Urządzenie dozujące dla układu wstrzykiwania |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT238670B (de) * | 1961-07-28 | 1965-02-25 | Voest Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung und allfälligen Verbindung von Profilen |
DE2651714C2 (de) * | 1976-11-12 | 1983-08-25 | Reinhold Mendritzki u. Co Kaltwalzwerk, 5970 Plettenberg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten von Bandmaterial zu Profilen |
US4603807A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1986-08-05 | Allied Tube & Conduit Corporation | Mill for roll forming a fluted tube |
DE3529160A1 (de) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-02-26 | Nippon Steel Corp | Formwalzvorrichtung |
-
1990
- 1990-06-29 FR FR9008517A patent/FR2663869B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-27 WO PCT/FR1991/000512 patent/WO1992000153A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1991-06-27 EP EP91911792A patent/EP0489881B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-27 AT AT91911792T patent/ATE125178T1/de active
- 1991-06-27 DE DE69111393T patent/DE69111393T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9200153A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2663869A1 (fr) | 1992-01-03 |
WO1992000153A1 (fr) | 1992-01-09 |
DE69111393T2 (de) | 1995-12-21 |
FR2663869B1 (fr) | 1995-01-13 |
EP0489881B1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 |
DE69111393D1 (de) | 1995-08-24 |
ATE125178T1 (de) | 1995-08-15 |
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