EP0485561A1

EP0485561A1 - Process and device for controlling the opening of, for instance, a carding machine

Info

Publication number: EP0485561A1
Application number: EP91910161A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Walter Wespi
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Current assignee: Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Priority date: 1990-06-12
Filing date: 1991-06-10
Publication date: 1992-05-20
Also published as: US5287600A; WO1991019841A1; DE4018803A1

Abstract

Procédé ou dispositif pour la régulation d'un processus d'ouverture, par exemple sur une carde (101) ou sur une machine de nettoyage des fibres, dans lequel un élément de séparation est déplacé devant une réserve de fibres (20), sépare les fibres de cette réserve en réduisant simultanément celle-ci, et entraîne lesdites fibres. Ledit procédé est caractérisé en ce que le degré de séparation est déterminé durant le processus d'ouverture, et en ce qu'un signal de sortie (116a, 116b) correspondant au degré de séparation est envoyé dans l'organe régulateur (117). L'organe régulateur opère une modification d'au moins un paramètre influençant la séparation, par exemple l'un des paramètres suivants: (a) la vitesse relative de l'élément de séparation (109) en déplacement devant la réserve de fibres, (b) la distance séparant l'élément de séparation (109) de la réserve de fibres (20), ou (c) la position (position angulaire alpha et/ou longueur) des aiguilles d'une garniture, et contrôle en même temps, au moyen du signal de sortie (112), si cette modification a entraîné une meilleure séparation, et décide, en fonction du résultat de ce contrôle, s'il est nécessaire de procéder à une autre modification dans le même sens ou à une modification en sens contraire, ou à aucune autre modification, tout en tenant compte toutefois, de préférence, des limites supérieures déjà déterminées, pour toutes les modifications possibles.Method or device for regulating an opening process, for example on a card (101) or on a fiber cleaning machine, in which a separating element is moved past a supply of fibers (20), separates the fibers of this reserve by simultaneously reducing it, and drives said fibers. Said method is characterized in that the degree of separation is determined during the opening process, and in that an output signal (116a, 116b) corresponding to the degree of separation is sent to the regulating member (117). The regulating member operates a modification of at least one parameter influencing the separation, for example one of the following parameters: (a) the relative speed of the separation element (109) in displacement in front of the reserve of fibres, ( b) the distance separating the separating element (109) from the reserve of fibers (20), or (c) the position (angular position alpha and/or length) of the needles of a filling, and checks at the same time, by means of the output signal (112), if this modification has resulted in a better separation, and decides, depending on the result of this check, whether it is necessary to proceed to another modification in the same direction or to a modification in opposite direction, or to any other modification, while preferably taking into account, however, the upper limits already determined, for all possible modifications.

Description

Method and device for regulating an opening process, for example on a card

The present invention relates to a method and a device for regulating an opening process, for example on a carding machine or cleaning machine, in which a dissolving element is moved past a fiber template and detaches and takes over fibers from this fiber template while simultaneously diluting the fiber template.

Although the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are preferably used on a card, it is by no means to be used exclusively with a card, but rather it can be used in general to regulate the drive of opening elements. for example also with a cleaning roller of a cleaning machine.

Nowadays, a wide variety of controls and regulations have been proposed which make it possible to control or regulate the circulating speed of opening elements to certain predetermined values and, moreover, to adapt them to other parameters.

The aim is to achieve a predetermined quality of the product while the production is as high as possible, so that the end product, namely the finished yarn, also achieves a desired quality and so that the sequence of the various further steps of yarn production is not unnecessarily disturbed, for example by frequent thread breaks.

Using the example of a card, it can be said that the quality features that play a major role here are a low number of nits in the card sliver, only little to no stack damage and little residual protection content of the fibers. Although efforts are being made to develop methods and devices with which the number of nits, the stack length and the residual dirt content can be measured directly during the operation of the card, this has not yet succeeded to a sufficient extent, so that the corresponding parameters are at least foreseeable Future still have to be determined by laboratory measurements. For this reason, such parameters cannot yet be used directly, ie "on-line" to control the manufacturing process. On the basis of experience gained, the desirable basic settings of the parameters of the yarn production machines are known for every fiber mixture.

Even if you know the basic settings for the various parameters and also know how these parameters have to be mutually changed while the machine or system is starting up and stopping, there is still a great deal of scope for optimizing the mutual adjustments of the speeds in order to increase the quality of the manufactured product, even if no increase in production is sought, for example because a critical part of the system is already set at the upper limit of its performance.

Some investigations have already been carried out in order to determine the so-called carding force on high-performance cards, probably with the aim of developing optimal shapes for the spiked sets or determining optimal settings for the dissolution of the fiber template into individual fibers.

For example, in the Melliand textile reports 2/1973, pp. 107-115, an article by Dr. Ing. Peter Artzt and Ing. Grad. Osswald Schreiber to find the circumstances in the area of the pioneer or breeze examined. The authors have recognized that the fibers in the area between the feed trough and the beater are exposed to high stress and can either be torn or transported in flake form to the reel, ie either with stack reductions or with insufficient pre-dissolution.

As a measure of the fiber stress, these authors determined the moment at the licker-in resulting from the dissolution of the fibers fed.

In practice, however, it turned out that the measurement of the moment at the licker-in is extremely difficult, since the forces to be measured are very small in comparison to the massive construction of the licker-in, which is also expressed in the article.

In a later article (Melliand-Textilberichte 9/1973, pp. 885-888) the same authors report on a photographic method for determining the fiber coverage of the reel, the quality of the pre-resolution and thus the dependence of the feed and the licker-in speed on high-performance cards to determine.

Although such measurements can be justified and are suitable for carrying out test series, they are not suitable for direct control, for example, of the operating speed of the licker-in.

Another work by the two authors is described in Melliand Textile Reports 4/1974, pp. 317-323. Here they deal, among other things, with the investigation of the dissolving force in the area between the drum and revolving cover, for which purpose a measuring plate was used, which was mounted on two bending rods on the web of a flat rod. On this Strain gauges were attached to the measuring plate. It turned out that the circular path of the revolving cover over the cover arch on the carding means that the measuring plate's own weight influence on the deformation of the bending rods is a multiple of the actual measured value due to the carding force. In order to avoid this difficulty, an attempt was made to install a second passive sensor which has the same elastic and geometric properties as possible as the active sensor. The only difference was that the passive transducer was not equipped with a set. The difference in weight was compensated for by the thickness of the measuring plate. The passive transducer was mounted on the same flat rod and in the same way as the active transducer, so that it occupies the same position as it and thus the same detuning occurs on its strain gauge bridge due to the deformation of the bending rods due to the dead weight component.

By means of an operational amplifier it is then possible to compensate the measurement signals in such a way that a voltage is obtained which is proportional to the carding force.

In summary, the authors found that the carding force in the drum cover zone is a direct measure of the mechanical stress on the fibers in this zone. They also found that poor pre-dissolution leads to high mechanical stress on the fiber.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which it is possible to continuously monitor an opening process and adjust it so that the quality of the product and therefore also of the product Product manufactured yarn always represents an optimum at the selected production speed or the production speed is at a maximum in each case without having to accept any loss in quality.

In order to achieve this object, the invention provides that the degree of resolution is determined during the opening process and an output signal corresponding to the degree of resolution is fed into the control system, that the control system changes at least one parameter influencing the resolution, for example one of the following parameters carries out:

a) the relative speed of the dissolving element past the fiber template, b) the mutual distance between the dissolving element and the fiber template, or c) the position (angular position and / or effective length) of the needles of a clothing of the dissolving element,

and uses the output signal to check whether this change has led to an increased resolution and, depending on the result of this test, either decides for a further change in the same sense or for a change in the opposite sense or for no further change, but preferably for all possible ones Changes already defined upper limits are taken into account.

As the upper limit of the maximum relative speed of the dissolving element past the fiber template, a value is preferably entered into the control system in which fiber damage or errors in the subsequent yarn production do not occur or only occur to a tolerable extent. The degree of dissolution is preferably determined by means of a measuring device which interacts with the dissolving element itself or with a dissolving or transport element connected downstream thereof and determines the degree of dissolution of the fibers carried by the respective element. This measuring device is preferably determined by a stationary comb segment which interacts with the respective element and which engages in the fibers carried by the respective element, the force acting on the comb segment or a variable proportional thereto being used as a signal representative of the degree of resolution.

In terms of the device, the invention is characterized by a control loop regulating the relative speed of the dissolving element past the fiber template, by a device which interacts with the dissolving element itself or a subsequent dissolving or transporting element and measures the degree of dissolution of the fibers carried by the respective element, the output signal of which memory provided in the control loop is supplied, by a device causing an increase in the relative speed in the control loop, by a device comparing the historical value stored in the memory or the historical values stored in the memory of the output signal before the increase with the output signal after the increase, and by a device that takes into account the outcome of the comparison and influences the relative speed.

Such a device is preferably characterized by a memory assigned to the control circuit for the upper limit of the maximum relative speed, at which thread damage or errors during subsequent yarn production do not occur or only to a tolerable extent. The present invention is initially based on the idea that even in systems where certain parts are already working at the performance limit, an increase in the quality of the product can be achieved in some circumstances without having to cut back production. Furthermore, there are other areas where the fear of a reduced quality causes the production speed to be set inappropriately low, although an improved quality could possibly be achieved at higher speeds and therefore higher production.

Based on these considerations, the invention further recognizes that by means of a suitable measuring device, primarily in the form of a stationary combing segment, information about the degree of dissolution of the fibers coming from a specific opening element can be obtained if the fibers from these fibers are placed on the combing segment exerted force measures. With an improved resolution, this force becomes smaller, so that it can be investigated whether an increase in the relative speed of the opening element leads to a reduced force on the combing segment and can conclude from this that the increase in the speeds has probably led to an improvement in quality. Unfortunately, this method cannot be used without restriction, since a state is finally reached in which the increased speed of the dissolving element leads to stack reductions, as a result of which the force measured on the comb segment also decreases, from which it could be erroneously concluded that the increase occurred speed has been beneficial, although in fact it is not. In order to avoid this circumstance, the procedure according to the invention is such that the upper limits of the speed of the individual dissolving elements are determined for certain fiber mixtures or grades, but an attempt is made to determine an optimum speed below this upper limit at which the measured speed Force is a minimum, ie the degree of resolution is a maximum.

The example of a card shows clearly what advantages can be achieved with the invention.

The material throughput of a card is ultimately determined by the speed of rotation of the feed roller at the input of the card, since all material that runs through the feed roller must ultimately appear as a card sliver at the output of the card (apart from the material output due to the cleaning of the product). The belt number is then determined by the so-called warping of the card, which is determined by the ratio of the peripheral speed of the doffer roller to the peripheral speed of the feed roller. Between the feed roller and the doffer roller, however, are the licker-in and the reel. Although the drum speed has to be adapted relatively precisely to the peripheral speed of the doffer roller so as not to impair the transfer of the fiber pile from the drum to the doffer roller, it is entirely possible to vary the rotational speed of the licker-in within wide limits. In the past, it was difficult to determine which rotational speed of the licker-in leads to optimal quality. With the invention, the rotational speed of the licker-in is now automatically set to an optimum, the optimum speed probably having to be below the upper limit, but nevertheless the highest possible value in the range up to this upper limit. ze should accept. If it is possible in this way to produce the desired quality, it can be considered whether it is not possible to work with a higher feed roller speed and thus ultimately also with a higher production, and when this change is carried out it can also be examined whether by regulating the Vorreißerkeschwin¬ optimal quality can be achieved even with increased production. It can be seen from this example that the production of the card remains constant during a series of measurements or optimizations, so that the process is not complicated by a change in the measured force due to increasing production (kg / h). It is also important that it is not absolutely necessary to measure the degree of opening directly on the opening element itself. The example explained above shows that the measurement is preferably carried out on the reel (for reasons of space, for example) instead of on the licker-in itself, although this would also be possible in principle.

The quality of the card sliver can not only be determined by the turning speed of the licker. For example, the carding work in the area of the revolving cover can be influenced by the revolving speed of the revolving cover. Instead of measuring the degree of dissolution on the revolving cover itself, the procedure according to the invention is such that a combing segment which is stationary in operation is arranged after the revolving cover in order to determine the degree of dissolution which has occurred through the carding work in the region of the revolving cover. Here, too, the degree of dissolution is determined by means of the invention not on the dissolving element itself but on an element downstream of it.

When the invention is applied to a cleaning machine, it can be determined by means of a comb segment used to measure the degree of opening whether a higher one Rotation speed of the cleaning roller higher production can be achieved without sacrificing quality.

Particularly advantageous variants of the method and the device according to the invention are defined in the subclaims. remove, the devices of claims 12 and 14 are of particular importance.

It should be emphasized that there are a number of variable parameters that can influence the quality of the product. For example, the following changeable measures can be set for a card with the present invention:

Degree of dissolution on the breeze and drum,

Number of reels in relation to performance (performance is given by the weight of the cotton wool and the feed speed at the feed roller),

Rotation speed in relation to drum speed,

Drum speed in relation to the raw material (type of raw material and length of the stack as well as dirt content),

Briseur speed in relation to the raw material,

Breeze speed in relation to drum speed,

Adjustment of work items, e.g. Set distance between briseur and drum, drum and revolving cover and drum and customer.

All such measures involve a change in either a relative speed or a relative distance or a change in a fiber mixture for a particular card with predetermined sets, and all of these changeable parameters can can be measured on-line with the present invention.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which:

1 is a schematic side view of a controlled carding machine,

2 shows a detail of the measuring device of the card according to FIG

3 shows a schematic side view of a regulated card similar to the card of FIG. 1, but the trough plate being displaceable about the axis of rotation of the feed roller,

4 shows a detailed drawing of the adjusting device of the trough plate of the embodiment according to FIG. 3,

5 shows a schematic side view of a cleaning machine with a control according to the invention,

6 shows a cross section through an opening roller

Cleaning machine, shown partially and semi-schematically, and FIG. 7 shows part of the opening roller of FIG. 6 in viewing direction VII of FIG. 6.

The controlled card 101 shown in FIG. 1 comprises from left to right, at the card entrance a fiber feed means 102, shown with a dash-dotted line, a lickerin roller 103, also called a beater, a reel 104 with the cover 105, a fiber pile. Removal roller 106, also called a doffer roller, and a fiber pile compacting unit 107 for forming a card sliver 108. The fiber feed means 102 comprises a rotatable and drivable feed roller 109, also called a feed cylinder, and a feed plate 110, also known as a trough plate, which cooperates with it and which rotates around a swivel axis 111 is pivotally mounted.

The feed roller 109 is arranged stationary and the pivotability of the feed plate 110 is limited by an adjusting screw 112 in the direction of movement away from the feed roller 109 and by a stop in the opposite direction. The feed roller 109 is driven by a gear motor 113.

In operation, the fiber wadding 20 is fed to the fiber feeder 102 on a feed plate 114. The rotation of the feed roller 109 in the circumferential direction U, in a manner known per se, feeds the fiber wadding to the licker-in roller which rotates much faster than the compressed fiber mat.

The licker-in roller releases individual fibers from the fiber mat and transports them on its surface made of spiked clothing to the drum 104. The transfer of the dissolved fibers from the licker-in roller to the drum takes place in the area where the two elements come close to one another. The fiber fleece formed in this way on the drum is then transported on this to the traveling cover 105.

The fiber fleece processed between the drum 104 and the lid 105 is removed from the doffer roller 106 and passed on to the fiber fleece compression unit 107, in which the fiber fleece is compressed to the card sliver 108.

The ratio of the peripheral speed of the doffer roller 106 to the peripheral speed of the feed roller 109 gives the so-called draft ratio of the card.

Furthermore, by inserting the fiber mat 20, the dining plate 110 is pivoted so far away from the dining roller 109 until the dining plate bears against the adjusting screw 112. This position of the feed plate 110 is referred to as the operating position. With the aid of this adjusting screw 112, the degree of compression of the fiber wadding 20 located between the feed plate and feed roller 109 is accordingly determined. This clamping effect causes measurable quantities in the fiber feed described later means 102, by means of which a signal 116 corresponding to the density of the “pinched” fiber wadding 20 is continuously obtained.

To obtain the signal 116, two signals 116a, 116b are used from left and right on the pivot axis 111 of the feed plate 110, strain gauges 139, which sense the transverse force of the bearing journals of the feed trough, as is also shown in FIG. 2. These signals 116a, 116b are applied to a measuring amplifier 116c, which first adds the signals and then amplifies them, so that the signal 116 is produced, which represents an amplified mean signal. The measuring amplifier 116c converts the signals from the strain gauge transducers into a DC voltage which is between -10 and +10 volts.

The signal 116 is input to a controller 117, together with a control signal 118 for the wad thickness, a speed signal 119 of the doffer roller 106 and a speed signal 120 of the geared motor shaft 121, the control signal 118 and the speed signal 119 of the doffer roller 106 having a predetermined value. The value of the control signal 118 can be selected at a decade switch 118A and finally determines the desired band number.

The controller "processes" the aforementioned signals into an output signal 122, which is applied to a multiplier 41. The multiplier 41 receives a signal via a line 40 which, as described in German patent application P 38 21 238.2, corrects the control on the basis of the prevailing absolute air humidity. The multiplier 41 thus multiplies the output signal 122 by the signal obtained via the line 40, as a result of which the output signal 122 corresponds to the absolute value Humidity is corrected. The output signal of the multiplier 41 determines the rotational speed of the geared motor 113, corresponding to the deviations in the density of the fiber wadding 20 in the nip area 123 such that the density of the fiber wadding is essentially balanced when leaving the nip area. The control of the density of the fiber wadding 20 has already been corrected by the feedforward control, which is brought about by the multiplier 41, in order to take fluctuations in the absolute atmospheric humidity into account, so that the card sliver 108 and the sliver produced from it finally have the desired sliver number. without being influenced by the absolute air humidity.

The controller 117 essentially consists of a microcomputer 117A from Texas Instr. , Type 990 / 10OMA with the necessary number of EPROMs type TMS2716, also from Texas Instruments, for programming the control functions, as well as a control unit 117B type D10 AKNRV 419 D-R from the company Areg Federal Republic of Germany, Gemmrigheim. The control unit 117B amplifies a speed signal emitted by the microcomputer to the output signal 122 and receives the signal 120 for checking and regulating the feed roller speed.

The run-in signal 116 is first processed in a stage 117C. The average value of the incoming signal is recalculated in regular, short successive periods, from a fixed number of the last read values. In this way, if desired, the long-term deviation of the template can be determined (drift filter). In very short time intervals of approximately 100 ms, the instantaneous value of the incoming signal is compared with the mean value in stage 117C and the deviation is compared to microcomputer 117A as the actual value communicated. The latter is programmed as a PI controller and uses the control algorithm specified in the EPROMs and preprogrammed device-specific data to calculate a control value y from the setpoint of the decades, which forms the setpoint for the Areg controller 117B and is supplied to it, as schematically by means of the corresponding arrow between blocks 117A and 117B is indicated.

With this arrangement it is also possible to place the multiplier 41 between the blocks 117A and 117B, so that the setpoint of the Areg controller is corrected in accordance with the absolute air humidity.

It is also possible to carry out the functions of stage 117C in the microcomputer, by installing corresponding EPROMs or by appropriate programming, so that a separate stage 117C is unnecessary.

The Areg controller represents independent control electronics connected upstream of the control motor 113. The setpoint specified by the microcomputer 117A is compared in the control electronics with the actual tachometer value 120, the difference is amplified and fed to the motor via the power circuits. The control electronics 117B operate as a voltage metering and only supply the motor with as much voltage as is required to apply the required torque and maintain the speed.

The card control discussed so far has already been described to this extent in German patent application P 38 21238.2. In addition to the parts described so far, the card contains a quality control which will now be described in detail. The licker 103 is driven according to the invention by a motor 150 which sits directly on the shaft of the licker. This motor is a three-phase motor with a frequency converter, which can be controlled from a microcomputer 151 via line 152. The microcomputer 151 is part of a control 153, which also consists of a memory 154 and a comparator 155.

Above the licker 103 there is a comb segment 155 provided with a spiked set, the spiked set not being shown, but can be designed in exactly the same way as a conventional flat set. The combing segment 155 extends over the entire width of the spool and is similar in its dimensions to a conventional stationary cover segment. In contrast to a conventional cover segment, however, it is articulated on an axis of rotation 156, so that the carding force exerted by the spool tries to turn the comb segment 155 counterclockwise about the axis 156. This is prevented by a mechanical stop 157, two such stops being provided in the actual embodiment, namely a stop on each end face of the card. Each stop is also provided with strain gauges, so that the force exerted on the stop can be detected by means of these strain gauges. The exact arrangement of the strain gauges is not described here, but it is best known in comparable arrangements. The signals from the strain gauges of the two stops are fed via respective lines 158, 159 to a measured value amplifier 160 which, in accordance with the measured value amplifier 116c, generates an amplified mean signal that is fed to the control 153 via the line 161. The signals coming via line 161 are sampled at time intervals and temporarily stored in memory 154. One tries to make only a relatively small one Keep number of stored values in the memory 154, and old data are deleted after a short time and replaced by new data. This could be achieved, for example, by means of a shift register, for example one with 32 memory locations, with 16 new values being read into this memory per second.

The microprocessor 151 constantly forms the average of the stored values, which it takes from the memory via the bus 162. The mean value thus formed is applied to the comparator 155. The latter also receives directly from memory 154 the value of the signal last fed in via line 161 (or a newer mean) and forms the quotient of the last arrived mean divided by the last arrived value (or older mean divided by the newer mean). The result of this division is then applied to a multiplier 166 via line 165. A control signal from the microprocessor 151, which represents the desired speed of the motor 150, is applied to the other input of the multiplier 166 via the line 167.

This signal is determined by the computer 151, specifically on the basis of a table in the memory 154, which contains values of the rotational speed of the licker-in 104 for each rotational speed of the feed roller 109 calculated in advance for each fiber type or mixture. The computer selects the appropriate value from the memory 154, knowing the fiber mixture currently used, which is communicated to the controller 153 via the keyboard 168, and taking into account the actual speed of the feed roller 109, which is constantly communicated to the computer via the line 169 Via the line 171, the computer also receives a signal about the actual speed of the licker-in 103 or the motor 150 driving it directly. The computer checks the speed signal that is received via line 171 to determine whether this signal has reached the upper limit also stored in memory 154, the upper limit values also being stored in the form of a table in memory 154, depending on the speed of the feed roller 109.

The tables of the upper limit values and the tables of the initial values for the speed of the licker 103 in comparison to the speed of the feed roller 109 can either be in EPROMs or can be entered individually via the keyboard 168.

This table form ensures that when the card is started or when it is stopped, the licker-in 103 always remains in the desired speed range. The control according to the invention can advantageously be designed such that it is only put into operation after the card or the system concerned has run up.

From the preceding description it can be seen that the multiplier 166 multiplies the nominal value of the desired speed of the licker-in received via line 167 from the microcomputer 151 by the signal received via line 165 and increases or increases the desired speed signal for the licker-in 103 depending on whether the previously determined value of the carding force signal is smaller or larger than the previously determined mean value. The averaging compensates for fluctuations in the carding force signal.

If the computer 151 determines that the actual speed obtained via line 171 corresponds to the basic setting of the target speed contained in the memory, the target speed signal is automatically increased by a small fraction, for example 1%, so that the Rider gets closer and closer to the specified upper limit, provided that it is not yet reached. If this increase leads to a decrease in the current carding force in comparison to the previous average, this can be regarded as a measure that the resolution has become better due to the increased speed of the licker-in. A further increase in the speed of the licker can be made to see if there is a further decrease in the carding force. This process can continue until the upper limit is reached. Should the carding force increase after increasing the speed, which could be attributed, for example, to the fact that the licker now pulls large flakes out of the cotton wool instead of detaching individual fibers from it, the speed is automatically reset by the comparator, which the computer uses line 171 is detected. Based on the extent of the change in speed, the computer can now decide whether a further change in speed is appropriate and, if necessary, make this via line 167. In this way, the computer 153 approaches the optimal value ever closer.

If this value is established, the control system according to the invention can possibly be switched on and the system can continue to be operated with this optimal value.

As initially indicated, ^'the invention is not limited to speed changes. For example, the computer 153 could be designed such that it changes the distance between the licker-in and the drum and also decides on the basis of the carding force measurement by means of the strain gauges on the stops 157 whether this change in the distance has had a positive or negative effect. The upper limit of the change is to be understood here as the minimum distance between the licker-in and the drum, which is necessary in order to avoid mechanical damage to the clothing. The invention is versatile in that a "measuring carding element" can be provided after each adjustment, within which the fiber flakes are dissolved.

3 and 4 show, for example, that the trough plate 110 can be displaced about the axis of rotation 200 of the feed roller 109, which results in a different degree of release of the fiber flakes between the feed roller 109 and the licker-in 103. The following combing segment or the following carding plate 155 with load cells 157, which inevitably does not primarily have a carding but only a measuring function, i.e. the distance of this carding element from the surface of the brie must remain constant, has the function of measuring the degree of dissolution between feed roller 109 and licker 103. This measurement can also be carried out in the pre-carding zone, as shown in the example of FIG. 1, and also in the post-carding zone, in each case by a comb segment arranged shortly after the area of the opening, likewise with a correspondingly predetermined and fixed distance from the surface of the spool 104 .

A possible adjustment device for the trough plate is shown in FIG. 4. It consists here of an electrically adjustable spindle motor 202, which is articulated at one end 204 on the card frame 206, the free end 208 of the spindle 210 being articulated on an adjustable plate 212 which carries the axis of rotation 111 of the trough plate. The plate 212 has an arcuate slot 214 with a radius S, whose center of curvature lies on the axis of rotation 200 of the feed roller 109. Within the guide slot are two pins 216, which with the Seitenbegren-. Tongues of the guide slot 214 work together and ensure that the desired adjustment of the trough plate takes place about the axis of rotation of the feed roller 109. Pins 216 are attached to a plate part 218 which is fixedly arranged opposite the machine frame 206 of the card. By extending or retracting the spindle motor, the plate 212 and thus also the trough plate 110 are therefore displaced about the axis of rotation 200 of the feed roller 109, the arrangement being such that a change in the distance between the trough plate and the axis of rotation 200 does not occur.

However, it is not absolutely necessary that the carding plate forming the combing segment is always arranged immediately after the monitored trigger element. It is obvious that when the resolution is improved, for example between feed roller 109 and licker 103, the resolution of the fibers in the entire carding process is improved, so that to determine whether the resolution between feed roller 109 and licker 103 improves iεt, for example a comb segment arranged in the postcarding zone can also be used. However, an arrangement is preferred in which the comb segment 155 arranged below the licker-in 103 determines the effect of the adjustment of the trough plate, while the comb segment 155 in the pre-carding zone determines the effect of the adjustment of the rotational speed of the licker-in and that Comb segment 155 in the postcarding zone determines the effect of the adjustment of the peripheral speed of the revolving cover.

Another possibility is to adjust the distance of the licker-in from the reel and to determine the degree of resolution resulting therefrom by means of the combing segment 155 arranged in the pre-carding zone.

The adjustability between the licker-in and the reel and between the cover and the reel is already described in European publication 0 015 974 and can also be used the distance measuring device can be combined, which is described in German patent application P 39 13 996.4.

In all variants, an element which influences the degree of dissolution is adjusted, in the sense of a desired improvement in the resolution, the effect of this adjustment is noticeable almost immediately in the measurement signals of the pressure load cell 157 of the associated carding plate 155, and a computer makes a comparison between this signal and the historical value of the signal to determine whether the adjustment has led to an improvement in the degree of resolution. If such an improvement occurs, another adjustment is made in the same sense and a new comparison is made. In this way you feel closer to the possible upper limit of the adjustment. However, if the comparison turns out to be unfavorable, which indicates that the resolution is deteriorating, the adjustment is reversed until the setting where the best results have been achieved.

The idea discussed above with various variants can be expanded further, for example by always following a carding plate with carding function, followed by a carding plate with measuring function, so that the degree of dissolution per carding plate can be determined.

Special care must be taken if the speed of an element is changed to change the degree of resolution, which is associated with a change in production. It is obvious that if an increase in the rotational speed leads to an increase in production, this will most likely also lead to an increase in the measured carding force, so that under these circumstances the informative value of an increasing carding force only increases with caution enjoy is. If necessary, a computer take into account the change in force caused by the speed as a correction factor in order to extract the effective degree of resolution from the measurement signals of the combing segment.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 5. The machine shown in FIG. 5 represents a cleaning machine with which fiber flakes are cleaned, which are delivered into a lamella shaft 303 via a line 301 and a feed head with blower 302. The flake material located in the shaft 303 is pulled out of the lower end of the shaft 303 by means of a blind drum 304 and a sieve drum 305 and fed via a pair of feed rollers 307 to a cleaning roller 308 carrying a pointed set. During the movement between the blind drum 304 and the sieve drum 305, dust and other light impurities are removed from the flake mass by suction through the sieve drum. The air squeezed out of the loose flakes is drawn off via line 309. In the area of the cleaning roller 308, which works as an opening element, the flakes are opened, i.e. Divided into smaller fiber flakes and moved over a knife roller 311, whereby dirt particles and dust are removed from the flakes conveyed in this way. The cleaned flakes are then transported further via the transport line 312, for example to a further cleaning machine or to the filling shaft of a card feeder. The dirt released from the flakes falls through the grate into the outlet chamber 313, and is pneumatically removed from there via the outlet transport line 314.

Below the cleaning roller is a comb segment 155.1, which is designed in exactly the same way as the comb segment 155 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 and is therefore also identified by the same reference number, however with the addition .1 to indicate that this is a different machine. This convention is also used for all other parts of the embodiment according to FIG. 5, provided that the parts described there correspond to parts of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

A control circuit 215 is provided for driving the cleaning roller 208 which, in accordance with the control circuit of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, also contains a computer 151.1, a memory 154.1 and a comparator 155.1. A keyboard 168.1 is also provided here.

The maximum permissible speed values of the cleaning roller as a function of the different fibers and fiber mixtures to be cleaned by the cleaning machine are indicated in table form via the keyboard 168.1.

In operation, the force acting on the combing segment, corresponding to the carding force in accordance with the embodiment according to FIG. 1, is detected via the strain gauge receptacles provided at both ends of the combing segment. The signals from the strain gauge sensors are fed via lines 158.i, 159.1 to the measured value amplifier 160.1, which feeds an amplified averaged measured value via line 161.1 to the memory 154.1. These values are stored in the memory 154.1 in exactly the same way as in the memory 154 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1. Here, too, the microcomputer 151.1 continuously averages and temporarily stores them in the memory 154.1. Here, too, the comparator 155.1 compares the value last received via the signal line 161.1 and the current mean value of these signals, and the result is fed to the multiplier 166 via the line 165.1. A setpoint speed signal for the cleaning roller, which, as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, represents a basic setting and is below the upper limit, is likewise fed via line 176.1 to multiplier 166.1, where it is supplied via line 165.1 Signal multiplied and applied as a corrected target signal to the drive motor 316 of the cleaning roller. The actual speed of the drive motor is fed to the microcomputer 151.1 via the line 171.1 and is continuously compared here with the value which represents the permissible upper limit of the speed of the cleaning roller. After the start-up of the cleaning machine, the computer causes the setpoint speed of the cleaning roller to increase and then determines, in accordance with the procedure previously described in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 1, on the basis of the signals received via line 171.1 whether the speed is higher than the target -Speed and whether at the same time the output signal of the comparator 155.1 is responsible for this. In the affirmative, the rotation signal for the drive motor 316 is increased so that the rotation speed of the cleaning roller is also increased here.

If the carding force, as measured by the comb segment 155.1, increases again before the upper limit is reached, it can be concluded that the resolution is rather deteriorated by the cleaning roller, and the computer can hold back the operating speed to the value where the carding force has its minimum.

^'From the foregoing, it is seen that both the computer 151 müsεen be mized program¬ 151.1 and the computer to the various comparisons to perform. It is consistently possible to use the small microcomputer 151 or 151.1 with something to replace more powerful microcomputers, which also perform the functions of the memory, the comparator, _the multiplier and even the measuring amplifier. It is also readily possible to have the control 117 of FIG. 1 carried out by the same microcomputer. In practice, such a solution will be more likely to be found; the division into different function blocks serves primarily to explain the invention, but could can be implemented in software.

The cleaning roller 308 of FIG. 3 could also correspond to Switzerland. Patent application CH-00878 / 90-0 of the present applicant, i.e. have a set which can be changed during operation to change the degree of resolution. For example, the set could include needles that are in their position, i.e. Angular position and / or effective length can be changed. One possibility for the specific design of such a cleaning roller is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Here, a opening roller 308 (FIG. 6) has a roller body 2, which reεp with end walls 3 connected to it firmly. 4 is overlooked. The end wall 3 is provided with a shaft bearing 16 and the end wall 4 with axle bearing 15. The axle bearing 15 as well as the shaft bearing 16 are in turn each rotatably supported by a roller bearing 17 which is fixed in a machine housing part 18. 19 embedded. As a result, the opening roller 1 is rotatably mounted in a machine housing which is in itself stationary.

For the drive of this opening roller, a drive pulley 20 is mounted on the shaft bearing 316, which is driven by a drive belt 21.

The axle bearing 15 serves to rotatably accommodate an axle 13 and the shaft bearing 16 for receiving a shaft 14, which are both part of a clothing support roller 5. This clothing support roller has a support cylinder 8 which is firmly connected to the end faces 11 and 12, the end face 11 being firmly connected to the shaft 13 and the end face 12 being firmly connected to the shaft 14.

In the support cylinder 8, hemispherical depressions 9 are provided which serve to receive spherical needle feet 7, each of which has a clothing needle 6. By means of these spherical feet 7, each clothing needle 6 is pivotally mounted in the corresponding hemispherical bearing recess 9. In order to keep the needle feet in the recesses 33, these are covered with a cover plate 10, but in such a way that the pivotability of the clothing needles 6 is retained.

The clothing needles 6 penetrate the roller body 2 through round holes (not marked) provided therein, each of which, as seen from the clothing foot, have funnel-shaped depressions 33 in front of them. These depressions 33 allow the clothing needles to be pivoted in order to change the position of the clothing needles and thus their intensity.

This pivoting of the clothing needles 6 is effected by the axial displacement of the shaft 14 in the displacement directions 34 or. 35. The axial displacement of the shaft 14 in turn takes place by displacing a displacement element 25 in that a sliding block 24 belonging to the displacement element 25 projects into an annular guide groove 23 of a guide wheel 22 connected to the shaft 14 and thus displaces the guide wheel 22 in the axial direction.

The shifting member 25 is seinerεeits bewe of a Verschie¬ added _l, le 26 which in a bearing support 27 is rotatably mounted. The shifting shaft 26 is rotated on a wheel disk 29 which is connected to a shaft 28 belonging to the thread 26. The sliding thread 26 is secured against axial displacement by means of split pins 44.

The bearing support 27 is permanently assigned to a machine housing part 36.

So that the clothing roller 5 rotates together with the roller body 2, the shaft 14 is provided with a guide wedge 31 which is guided in an axially directed guide groove 30 provided in the shaft bearing 16. The guide groove 330 allows the shaft 14 to be displaced in the displacement direction 34 reεp. 35.

By shifting the shaft 14 and thus the clothing roller 5 in the displacement directions 34 and. 35 changes the angle et, which includes an imaginary line of symmetry s of the clothing needle and a surface line crossing the line of symmetry (not marked) of the circumference of the roller body 2.

The said shifting causes a change in the angle α, i.e. causes the needle tips of the needle sets 6 to assume different angles a with respect to the circumferential surface of the roller body 2, as a result of which their intensity will change with respect to the fiber flakes to be dissolved.

2, on the one hand, the mentioned guide groove 30 with dashed lines and, on the other hand, an oblique groove 32 with dash-dotted lines is shown semi-schematically, in reality such an oblique groove being arranged in a spiral shape, so that when the shaft 14 is displaced in the direction 34, it is reεp. 35 at the same time twisting these

Wave takes place, so that the angular position of the clothing needle in the circumferential direction of the rollers is also variable. This angular position is enclosed on the one hand by the mentioned symmetry line ε and a circumferential line (not marked) of the circumference of the roller body. The additional direction of change of the needles 6 makes it possible to vary their intensity even further. The change in the angular position also includes a change in the effective length of the needles.

It is obvious that the adjustment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can also be used for the purposes of the present invention. When changing the setting of the needles, the comb segment 155.1 of FIG. 3 will determine a changing force which can be used to regulate the operating position of the needles of the clothing in accordance with the manner already described several times.

A further development could consist in the fact that the next cleaning machine determines the degree of resolution of the preceding one, provided that this measurement cannot already take place in the actual machine.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for regulating an opening process, for example on a card or cleaning machine, in which a dissolving element is moved past a fiber template and detaches fibers from this fiber template with simultaneous dilution of the fiber template, and takes over, characterized in that the degree of dissolution during of the opening procedure and an output signal corresponding to the degree of resolution is fed into the control system such that the control system changes at least one parameter influencing the resolution, for example one of the following parameters: a) the relative speed of the dissolving element past the fiber template,

b) the mutual distance between the dissolving element and the fiber template, or

c) the position (angular position and / or length) of the needles of a set,

and, using the output signal, checks whether this change has led to an increased resolution and, depending on the result of this check, decides either for a further change in the same sense or for a change in the opposite sense or for no further change, but preferably for all possible changes Changes already defined upper limits are taken into account.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the upper limit of the maximum relative speed of Auflöseelementeε past the fiber template a value is entered in the control, in which fiber damage or errors in the subsequent yarn production do not occur or only to a tolerable extent.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the degree of dissolution by means of a εelbεt with the dissolving element or with a downstream dissolving or transport element cooperating, the degree of resolution of the measuring element carrying the respective element is determined.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the degree of resolution by a stationary, with the Combing the respective element combing segment which engages in the fibers carried by the respective element is determined, the force acting on the comb segment or a quantity proportional to this being used as a signal representative of the degree of resolution.

5. Device for controlling an opening procedure on an opening machine, for example on a carding machine or cleaning machine, in which a dissolving element is moved past a fiber template and smaller fiber quantities or individual fibers are released from this fiber template, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims. characterized by a control loop regulating the relative speed of the dissolving element past the fiber template,

by means of a device which interacts with the resolving element or a subsequent resolving or transport element and measures the degree of resolution of the fibers carried by the respective element, the output signal of which is fed to a memory provided in the control loop, by means of an increase in the relative loop in the control loop Speed-causing device, by a device comparing the historical value stored in the memory or the historical values of the output signal stored in the memory before the increase with the output signal after the increase, and by a device taking into account the output of the comparison and influencing the relative speed. •

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by a memory assigned to the control loop for the upper limit of the maximum relative speed at which the thread damage or errors in the subsequent yarn production do not occur or only to a tolerable extent.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the degree of dissolution esεende device is a Kämmεegment, the working tips engage in the fibers carried by the respective opposite element and comprises measuring sensors for the forces acting on the combing segment.

8. Apparatus according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the opening machine is a card, that daε Auflöεeelement is the licker-in of the card, that the control determines the speed of rotation of the liner, and that the measuring device cooperates with the reel of the card.

9. Apparatus according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the opening is a cleaning machine in which the opening element is a roller provided with pointed fittings, the measuring device working directly with this roller.

10. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the comb segment has a plurality of tip trimmings which can be brought into contact either with the amounts of fibers removed or with the individual fibers.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the comb segment is arranged so as to be pivotable or rotatable and at least carries two different sets of tips.

12. Device for regulating the opening process on an opening machine, for example on a carding machine or cleaning machine, in which a dissolving element is moved past a fiber template and releases smaller amounts of fibers or individual fibers from this fiber template, in particular for carrying out the method according to a of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a device for displacing the trough plate about the axis of rotation of the feed roller is provided for changing the degree of dissolution in a card and adjustable to change the degree of dissolution iεt.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the device measuring the degree of resolution is a combing segment, which cooperates either with the breeze or with the drum.

14. Device for regulating the opening process on an opening machine, for example on a carding machine or cleaning machine, in which a dissolving element is moved past a fiber template and detaches smaller amounts of fibers or individual fibers from this fiber template, in particular for carrying out the method according to a of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the opening element has a set which can be changed during operation, for example in that the set has needles which are in their position (angular position and / or length) for setting the opening effect during the Operation can be changed such that a device which interacts with the dissolving element itself or with a subsequent dissolving or transport element, measures the degree of dissolution of the fibers carried by the respective element, the output signal of which is given in Is supplied to the control circuit provided memory, a device is provided which causes a change in the setting of the set and a comparison of the output signal of the measuring device after the change with the stored historical value or with the stored historical values before the change and concludes therefrom, whether a further change is appropriate or whether the setting should be retained or reversed and then prompted to do so.