EP0484588A1 - Die including slide cam - Google Patents
Die including slide cam Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0484588A1 EP0484588A1 EP90121507A EP90121507A EP0484588A1 EP 0484588 A1 EP0484588 A1 EP 0484588A1 EP 90121507 A EP90121507 A EP 90121507A EP 90121507 A EP90121507 A EP 90121507A EP 0484588 A1 EP0484588 A1 EP 0484588A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cam
- slide cam
- die
- slide
- base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011268 retreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/32—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in other articles of special shape
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
- Y10T83/8776—Constantly urged tool or tool support [e.g., spring biased]
- Y10T83/8785—Through return [noncutting] stroke
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
- Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
- Y10T83/8828—Plural tools with same drive means
- Y10T83/8831—Plural distinct cutting edges on same support
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
- Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
- Y10T83/8841—Tool driver movable relative to tool support
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
- Y10T83/8821—With simple rectilinear reciprocating motion only
- Y10T83/8841—Tool driver movable relative to tool support
- Y10T83/8853—Including details of guide for tool or tool support
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a die including a slide cam.
- a lower die and an upper die are mounted respectively on a bed and a ram of a pressing machine so that piercing and forming processings can be accomplished by ascending and descending the upper die. Since the upper die is moved up and down, the transverse machining is effected by converting the vertical machining force to a horizontal force by using a cam member.
- a positioning member 104 which positions the work 103 on a base plate 102 is secured.
- a driven cam 107 including a punch 106 is slidably arranged.
- a heel 108 is secured to the rear side of the driven cam 107.
- a coil spring 109 is installed around the top side of a rod 110 which is threaded into the driven cam 107, passing through the heel 108, and one end of the coil spring 109 is in contact with the heel 108.
- a nut 112 is screwed on to abut the other end of the coil spring 109 via a washer 111, to bias the elements such that the driven cam 107 is drawn back after piercing the work 103.
- a driving cam 118 is secured to a base plate 117 of the upper die 116 at a position to oppose the driven cam 107.
- the driving cam 118 moves the driven cam 107 forward against the biasing force of the coil spring 109 to pierce the hole 105 in the work 103 by the punch 106 and a die 125, and when the upper die 116 is ascended, the driven cam 107 is moved rearward by the biasing force of the coil spring 109.
- the driven cam 107 including the punch 106 slides on the base plate 102 while approaching, and parting from, the work 104.
- the driving cam 107 has to slide accurately to pierce by the punch 106 and die 125; therefore, flanges 121 project from lower opposite sides of the driven cam 107, and side guide plates 122 and upper guide plates 123 for guiding the flanges 121 are fixed to the base plate 102.
- the side guide plates 122 for guiding the side faces of the flanges 121 extending from the sides of the driven cam body 107a, and the upper guide plates 123 for guiding the upper faces of the flanges 121 are provided. Since flange 121, side guide plate 122 and upper guide plate 123 are provided, an extended length l is provided respectively on opposite sides of the body portion 107a of the driven cam 107, the length l being usually about 100 to 150 mm at a minimum. Thereby, a large space is occupied on the base plate 102 of the lower die 101 of the press die.
- a large space is occupied when a cam mechanism is provided on the die. Since the large space is occupied by providing the cam mechanism, the die size is restricted by the bed area of the pressing machine, and the necessary members cannot be installed on the die; therefore, sometimes the number of machining processes must be increased and the die has to be added.
- a wear plate 124 provided on the tip of the flange 121 projecting from the side of the body portion 107a of the driven cam 107 wears as the driven cam 107 repeats the sliding operations, producing a gap between the side guide plate 122; thus, the driven cam 107 cannot slide linearly and tends to meander owing to the existence of the gap.
- the punch 106 installed on the driven cam 107 also moves similarly in a serpentine fashion; thus, the punch 106 is unable to punch in the state wherein a proper clearance is maintained circularly around the die 125, producing burrs around the punched hole, whereby a high quality punching becomes impossible. Besides, due to the punching by the punch 106 and die 125 which produce the burrs, edges of the punch 106 and die 125 are damaged.
- the present invention is directed to a die including a cam member, which can be designed to be compact, in addition to providing the necessary function as the cam member.
- said die including a slide cam comprises: a slide cam base on the tip of which a polyhedral guide portion is formed; the slide cam which holds and supports the polyhedral guide portion of the slide cam base and slides along the polyhedral guide portion and onto which machining tools such as a punch and a trimming edge are mounted; an elastic body interposed between the slide cam base and the slide cam for urging the slide cam; and a driving cam in contact with the slide cam for moving the same.
- An example described below involves a work to be pierced and trimmed at its lower end.
- a positioning member 4 which positions the work (workpiece) 3 is fixed by means of bolts 5.
- a driving cam 8 is fixed by bolts 9, on which driving cam a guide member 6 whose upper surface is formed as an inclined plane which slants as approaching (towards) the positioning member 4 so as to contact to a V-shaped groove, is installed with bolts 7.
- a slide cam base 13 On a base plate 12 of an upper die 11 opposing the driving cam 8, a slide cam base 13 is secured by bolts 14.
- the top of the slide cam base 13 is formed as a tetrahedral guide portion 16 which is generally quadrangular in cross-section and provided with the crest line 15 at the lower end, and having an inclined plane which, symmetrically with the inclined plane of the driving cam 8, slants upward as approaching the positioning member 4.
- a slide cam 17 which holds and slidably supports the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13 and slides on the guide member 6 of the driving cam 8 is provided.
- the slide cam 17 comprises a machining member 19 to which a V-shaped groove member 18, punch and cutting edge are mounted.
- the V-shaped groove member 18 is positioned by a key 20 driven into an opposing face of the machining member 19, and fixed by bolts 22 by raising a stopper 21.
- the upper end of the slide cam 17 is formed with a V-shaped groove which has the same inclined plane as that of the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13 and receives the tetrahedral guide portion 16, and provided with wear plates 23 fixed with bolts 24 to support lower planes 25 of the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13, upper planes 26 being urged by biasing plates 28 fixed by bolts 27 to the slide cam 17 which is arranged to be slidable on the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13.
- a sliding member 29 which slides on the guide member 6 of the driving cam 8 by having its V-shaped groove in engagement therewith, is fixed by bolts 30.
- a mounting plate 41 is mounted by a bolt 42.
- a punch 43 is installed by fixing a punch plate 44 to the mounting plate 41 by means of a bolt 45.
- a trimming edge 51 is fixed to the mounting plate 41 by means of a bolt 46.
- Numeral 49 generally indicates a die which is engaged with the punch 43 for piercing
- numeral 50 denotes a cutting edge which trims the edges of the work 3 in cooperation with the trimming edge 45.
- a retaining hole 61 is formed in the rear end portion of the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13, and a support plate 62 is disposed at a position opposing the retaining hole 61, and secured to the slide cam 17 by means of a bolt 63.
- An elastic body 64 such as a coil spring is provided between the retaining hole 61 and the support plate 62.
- the stopper 21 raised on the slide cam 17 is engaged with an end portion 65a of a stopping groove 65 formed in the crest line at the lower portion of the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13.
- a safety stopper 66 is screwed into the retaining hole 61 to fix the position of the coil spring; at the same time, the safety stopper 66 is extended through the support plate 62 and provided with a head portion 66a at its end, so as to stop the stopper 21 by the support plate 62 which collides against the head portion 66a, in case the stopper 21 does not stop at the end portion 65a of the stopping groove 65.
- a return plate 71 is secured to the slide cam 17 by bolts 72, and engaged with the driving cam 8 at the lower end thereof.
- Fig. 4 shows a top dead point where the slide cam 17, slidably disposed on the tetrahedral guide portion 16 of the slide cam base 13 installed on the base plate 12 of the upper die 11, is in contact with the stopper 21.
- Fig. 1 The state wherein piercing and trimming are effected by the punch 43 and the trimming edge 51, and the upper die 11 is at the bottom dead point, is shown in Fig. 1.
- the return plate 71 Since the return plate 71 is provided on the slide cam 17, when the slide cam 17 fails to retreat for some reason, the return plate 71 is engaged with the driving cam 8 to forcibly retreat the slide cam 17.
- slide cam base 13, slide cam 17 and driving cam 8 are arranged in order from top to bottom
- they may be arranged in order of the driving cam 8, slide cam 17 and slide cam base 13 from top to bottom.
- a unit comprising the slide cam base 13, slide cam 17 and driving cam 8 may be used reversely.
- a cam mechanism can be constituted without providing cam guiding flanges, side guide plates and upper guide plates, and the cam mechanism can be provided on the die in a minimum space.
- machining can be effected from the direction suitable to the curved surface or from the normal direction to the curved surface, so that in case of piercing a circular hole, it can be finished in a true circle and not in an ellipse, thereby improving machining quality.
- a die can be prepared to be smaller and lighter and at lower cost. Since the die is small, it can be produced using small-size machine tools and cranes in die making facilities.
- the cam since the slide cam is held and slidably supported by the slide cam base, even when the sliding portion is worn after long operation of the die, the cam does not meander like the conventional die, but moves linearly; thus, a high quality pressing work can be accomplished. Besides, since the slide cam base moves in the linear direction precisely, edges of the punch, die and cutting edge do not break. In the embodiment of the present invention, since the sliding faces of the slide cam and the driving cam are formed with the V-shaped groove, there is no possibility that the cam meanders.
- a sliding mechanism is provided in the center portion of the cam, it can be divided into small sections, and as compared with the conventional cam in which the flanges are extended from opposite sides, the cam divided into the small sections can be held and supported at many locations, so that, when compared with the conventional large member in which the cam is held only on opposite sides, the cam can be held securely.
- the present invention can be applied immediately to the machining of works having various sizes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Control Of Cutting Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a die including a slide cam.
- In an ordinary die, a lower die and an upper die are mounted respectively on a bed and a ram of a pressing machine so that piercing and forming processings can be accomplished by ascending and descending the upper die. Since the upper die is moved up and down, the transverse machining is effected by converting the vertical machining force to a horizontal force by using a cam member.
- This will be explained by the example of piercing the side wall of a work with the die including the cam member.
- As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, to the
lower die 101, apositioning member 104 which positions thework 103 on abase plate 102 is secured. At a position to oppose ahole 105 to be pierced in the side wall of thework 103, a drivencam 107 including a punch 106 is slidably arranged. Aheel 108 is secured to the rear side of the drivencam 107. Acoil spring 109 is installed around the top side of arod 110 which is threaded into the drivencam 107, passing through theheel 108, and one end of thecoil spring 109 is in contact with theheel 108. Anut 112 is screwed on to abut the other end of thecoil spring 109 via awasher 111, to bias the elements such that the drivencam 107 is drawn back after piercing thework 103. Adriving cam 118 is secured to abase plate 117 of theupper die 116 at a position to oppose the drivencam 107. - When the
upper die 116 is descended, thedriving cam 118 moves the drivencam 107 forward against the biasing force of thecoil spring 109 to pierce thehole 105 in thework 103 by the punch 106 and adie 125, and when theupper die 116 is ascended, the drivencam 107 is moved rearward by the biasing force of thecoil spring 109. - For piercing the side wall of the
work 105, as afore-mentioned, the drivencam 107 including the punch 106 slides on thebase plate 102 while approaching, and parting from, thework 104. Thedriving cam 107 has to slide accurately to pierce by the punch 106 anddie 125; therefore,flanges 121 project from lower opposite sides of the drivencam 107, andside guide plates 122 andupper guide plates 123 for guiding theflanges 121 are fixed to thebase plate 102. - In this die, in order to allow the
driving cam 107 to slide between predetermined positions, theside guide plates 122 for guiding the side faces of theflanges 121 extending from the sides of the driven cam body 107a, and theupper guide plates 123 for guiding the upper faces of theflanges 121 are provided. Sinceflange 121,side guide plate 122 andupper guide plate 123 are provided, an extended length ℓ is provided respectively on opposite sides of the body portion 107a of the drivencam 107, the length ℓ being usually about 100 to 150 mm at a minimum. Thereby, a large space is occupied on thebase plate 102 of thelower die 101 of the press die. - Accordingly, a large space is occupied when a cam mechanism is provided on the die. Since the large space is occupied by providing the cam mechanism, the die size is restricted by the bed area of the pressing machine, and the necessary members cannot be installed on the die; therefore, sometimes the number of machining processes must be increased and the die has to be added.
- A
wear plate 124 provided on the tip of theflange 121 projecting from the side of the body portion 107a of the drivencam 107 wears as the drivencam 107 repeats the sliding operations, producing a gap between theside guide plate 122; thus, the drivencam 107 cannot slide linearly and tends to meander owing to the existence of the gap. The punch 106 installed on the drivencam 107 also moves similarly in a serpentine fashion; thus, the punch 106 is unable to punch in the state wherein a proper clearance is maintained circularly around thedie 125, producing burrs around the punched hole, whereby a high quality punching becomes impossible. Besides, due to the punching by the punch 106 and die 125 which produce the burrs, edges of the punch 106 and die 125 are damaged. - Therefore, in view of the circumstances afore-mentioned, the present invention is directed to a die including a cam member, which can be designed to be compact, in addition to providing the necessary function as the cam member. In order to accomplish high quality machining without moving the cam member in a serpentine fashion, said die including a slide cam comprises: a slide cam base on the tip of which a polyhedral guide portion is formed; the slide cam which holds and supports the polyhedral guide portion of the slide cam base and slides along the polyhedral guide portion and onto which machining tools such as a punch and a trimming edge are mounted; an elastic body interposed between the slide cam base and the slide cam for urging the slide cam; and a driving cam in contact with the slide cam for moving the same.
- When the upper die descends, the slide cam moves transversely between the driving cam and the slide cam base for pressing works such as piercing and trimming. When the works are completed and the upper die is raised or ascended, the slide cam urged by the elastic body is returned.
- Below, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described in greater detail with reference to the drawings, wherein:
- Fig. 1
- is a longitudinal sectional view of a die including a slide cam according to an embodiment of the present invention, shown at the bottom dead point;
- Fig. 2
- is a sectional view taken in the direction of the arrows substantially along line II-II in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3
- is a sectional view taken in the direction of the arrows substantially along line III-III in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 4
- is a longitudinal sectional view of a cam mechanism of the present invention at a top dead point;
- Fig. 5
- is a front view of a press die using a conventional cam mechanism; and
- Fig. 6
- is a side view of the press die of Fig. 5.
- The present invention will be described in a preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
- An example described below involves a work to be pierced and trimmed at its lower end.
- On a
base plate 2 of alower die 1, apositioning member 4 which positions the work (workpiece) 3 is fixed by means of bolts 5. In the vicinity of thepositioning member 4, adriving cam 8 is fixed bybolts 9, on which driving cam aguide member 6 whose upper surface is formed as an inclined plane which slants as approaching (towards) thepositioning member 4 so as to contact to a V-shaped groove, is installed with bolts 7. - On a
base plate 12 of an upper die 11 opposing thedriving cam 8, aslide cam base 13 is secured bybolts 14. The top of theslide cam base 13 is formed as atetrahedral guide portion 16 which is generally quadrangular in cross-section and provided with thecrest line 15 at the lower end, and having an inclined plane which, symmetrically with the inclined plane of thedriving cam 8, slants upward as approaching thepositioning member 4. - A
slide cam 17 which holds and slidably supports thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13 and slides on theguide member 6 of thedriving cam 8 is provided. - The
slide cam 17 comprises amachining member 19 to which a V-shaped groove member 18, punch and cutting edge are mounted. The V-shaped groove member 18 is positioned by a key 20 driven into an opposing face of themachining member 19, and fixed bybolts 22 by raising astopper 21. - The upper end of the
slide cam 17 is formed with a V-shaped groove which has the same inclined plane as that of thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13 and receives thetetrahedral guide portion 16, and provided withwear plates 23 fixed withbolts 24 to support lower planes 25 of thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13,upper planes 26 being urged bybiasing plates 28 fixed bybolts 27 to theslide cam 17 which is arranged to be slidable on thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13. - On the lower surface of the
slide cam 17, a slidingmember 29 which slides on theguide member 6 of thedriving cam 8 by having its V-shaped groove in engagement therewith, is fixed bybolts 30. - On the work machining side of the
slide cam 17, amounting plate 41 is mounted by abolt 42. Apunch 43 is installed by fixing a punch plate 44 to themounting plate 41 by means of a bolt 45. A trimmingedge 51 is fixed to themounting plate 41 by means of abolt 46. Astripper plate 47 to which acushion rubber 48 is mounted, presses the work 3 before it is pierced and trimmed. -
Numeral 49 generally indicates a die which is engaged with thepunch 43 for piercing, andnumeral 50 denotes a cutting edge which trims the edges of the work 3 in cooperation with the trimming edge 45. - For retreating the
slide cam 17 after machining, aretaining hole 61 is formed in the rear end portion of thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13, and asupport plate 62 is disposed at a position opposing theretaining hole 61, and secured to theslide cam 17 by means of a bolt 63. Anelastic body 64 such as a coil spring is provided between theretaining hole 61 and thesupport plate 62. When the upper die 11 is ascended, theslide cam 17 is retreated by the biasing force of theelastic body 64. For the purpose of stopping the retreatment of theslide cam 17, thestopper 21 raised on theslide cam 17 is engaged with an end portion 65a of astopping groove 65 formed in the crest line at the lower portion of thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13. And, for safety reasons, asafety stopper 66 is screwed into theretaining hole 61 to fix the position of the coil spring; at the same time, thesafety stopper 66 is extended through thesupport plate 62 and provided with a head portion 66a at its end, so as to stop thestopper 21 by thesupport plate 62 which collides against the head portion 66a, in case thestopper 21 does not stop at the end portion 65a of thestopping groove 65. - Also, for forcibly retreating the
slide cam 17 when the upper die 11 ascends, areturn plate 71 is secured to theslide cam 17 bybolts 72, and engaged with thedriving cam 8 at the lower end thereof. - Next, the operation of the die is described.
- As shown in Fig. 4, the work 3 is placed on the
positioning member 4, and the upper die 11 is descended or lowered. Fig. 4 shows a top dead point where theslide cam 17, slidably disposed on thetetrahedral guide portion 16 of theslide cam base 13 installed on thebase plate 12 of the upper die 11, is in contact with thestopper 21. - When the upper die 11 descends from this state, the
sliding member 29 of theslide cam 17 contacts theguide member 6 of thedriving cam 8, and theslide cam 17 proceeds toward the work 3 between thedriving cam 8 and theslide cam base 13 as the upper die 11 descends, to pierce the work 3 by thepunch 43 and to trim the lower portion of the work 3 by the trimmingedge 51. - The state wherein piercing and trimming are effected by the
punch 43 and the trimmingedge 51, and the upper die 11 is at the bottom dead point, is shown in Fig. 1. - Thereafter, when the upper die 11 is ascended or raised, the urging force of the
elastic body 64 is transmitted to theslide cam 17 from thesupport plate 62 to retreat theslide cam 17 which is stopped by itsstopper 21 contacting the end portion 65a of the stoppinggroove 65. - Since the
return plate 71 is provided on theslide cam 17, when theslide cam 17 fails to retreat for some reason, thereturn plate 71 is engaged with the drivingcam 8 to forcibly retreat theslide cam 17. - In the above embodiment, though the example in which the
slide cam base 13,slide cam 17 and drivingcam 8 are arranged in order from top to bottom is described, they may be arranged in order of the drivingcam 8,slide cam 17 andslide cam base 13 from top to bottom. - That is, a unit comprising the
slide cam base 13,slide cam 17 and drivingcam 8 may be used reversely. - Furthermore, though the example of piercing and trimming was described in the embodiment, it is to be understood that the present invention may be applied to other forming and bending processings.
- Besides, when sizes of
slide cam base 13,slide cam 17 and drivingcam 8 are standardized, machining of works having various sizes can be performed immediately. - As described heretofore, since the present invention is directed to a die including a slide cam, comprising: a slide cam base on the top of which a polyhedral guide portion is formed; the slide cam which holds and supports the polyhedral guide portion of the slide cam base and slides along the polyhedral guide portion, and onto which machining tools such as a punch and a trimming edge are mounted; an elastic body interposed between the slide cam base and the slide cam for urging the slide cam; and a driving cam in contact with the slide cam for driving the same, a cam mechanism can be constituted without providing cam guiding flanges, side guide plates and upper guide plates, and the cam mechanism can be provided on the die in a minimum space.
- Since a large space is occupied by the conventional cam mechanism, the size of die is restricted by the bed area of the pressing machine, so that the necessary members cannot be provided on the die. Thus, the number of machining processes must be increased, and the die has to be added; this being not necessary in the present invention, for the reasons mentioned above.
- In the cam mechanism of the present invention, since little space is occupied, even when the work has a curved surface, machining can be effected from the direction suitable to the curved surface or from the normal direction to the curved surface, so that in case of piercing a circular hole, it can be finished in a true circle and not in an ellipse, thereby improving machining quality.
- Also, in the present invention, a die can be prepared to be smaller and lighter and at lower cost. Since the die is small, it can be produced using small-size machine tools and cranes in die making facilities.
- Moreover, in the die of the present invention, since the slide cam is held and slidably supported by the slide cam base, even when the sliding portion is worn after long operation of the die, the cam does not meander like the conventional die, but moves linearly; thus, a high quality pressing work can be accomplished. Besides, since the slide cam base moves in the linear direction precisely, edges of the punch, die and cutting edge do not break. In the embodiment of the present invention, since the sliding faces of the slide cam and the driving cam are formed with the V-shaped groove, there is no possibility that the cam meanders.
- Also, in the present invention, as a sliding mechanism is provided in the center portion of the cam, it can be divided into small sections, and as compared with the conventional cam in which the flanges are extended from opposite sides, the cam divided into the small sections can be held and supported at many locations, so that, when compared with the conventional large member in which the cam is held only on opposite sides, the cam can be held securely.
- When cam parts are standardized, the present invention can be applied immediately to the machining of works having various sizes.
- Though abrasion tests were run according to the invention for 300,000 times, using the die including the slide cam having the construction of the embodiment shown, the wear rate was about (1.5 to 2.5) x 1/100 mm, whereas the wear rate of the conventional slide cam was about 5/100 mm x 1/3, showing the good results.
Claims (1)
- A die including a slide cam comprising: a slide cam base on the top of which a polyhedral guide portion is formed; the slide cam which holds and supports the polyhedral guide portion of the slide cam base and slides along the polyhedral guide portion, and onto which machining tools such as a punch and a trimming edge are mounted; an elastic body interposed between the slide cam base and the slide cam for urging the slide cam; and a driving cam in contact with the slide cam for driving the same.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69018082T DE69018082T2 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-11-09 | Die with guide carriage. |
ES90121507T ES2069654T3 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-11-09 | MATRIX WITH SLIDING CAM. |
EP90121507A EP0484588B1 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-11-09 | Die including slide cam |
US07/631,150 US5101705A (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-12-20 | Die including slide cam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP90121507A EP0484588B1 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-11-09 | Die including slide cam |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0484588A1 true EP0484588A1 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
EP0484588B1 EP0484588B1 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
Family
ID=8204704
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90121507A Expired - Lifetime EP0484588B1 (en) | 1990-11-09 | 1990-11-09 | Die including slide cam |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5101705A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0484588B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69018082T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2069654T3 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994005443A1 (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Angle punching die arrangement and punching press having such an arrangement |
EP0922509A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-06-16 | Umix Co., Ltd. | Press device |
EP0983808A1 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-08 | Oiles Corporation | Cam slide driving apparatus |
WO2000038907A2 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-06 | Harald Weigelt | V-belt drive for diverting a vertical force of pressure |
EP1136151A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-26 | Sankyo Oilless Industry, Inc. | Cam unit equipped with self-centering means |
EP1362651A1 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-19 | Umix Co., Ltd. | Slide cam die |
WO2006136404A1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Elke Weigelt | Tool fastening device for a v-belt drive |
DE102006036654A1 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-07 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive with forced return device |
DE102008006864A1 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-06 | Mühlhoff Umformtechnik GmbH | Method for simultaneous multiple punching of curved surface of automatic flywheel of motor vehicle, involves punching work pieces by dies that are displaced with respect to circumference of one of work pieces |
US8430385B2 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2013-04-30 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive with slider receiving means |
CN104289596A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-21 | 瑞鹄汽车模具有限公司 | Drawing and trimming die |
EP2881190A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2015-06-10 | Sankyo Oilless Industry, Inc | Method for managing groups of cam devices for a press machine |
CN105195620A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-30 | 无锡微研精密冲压件股份有限公司 | Side surface bonding double-side burring die |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5487296A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1996-01-30 | Connell Limited Partnership | Univers cam unit |
US5269167A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1993-12-14 | Connell Limited Partnership | Universal aerial cam unit |
CA2073204C (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1999-08-24 | Mitsuo Matsuoka | Noise reducing structure of slide-cam die |
ES2080008B1 (en) * | 1993-12-13 | 1997-10-16 | Bonet Jose Lozano | SIDE PUNCHING UNIT |
JP3610606B2 (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 2005-01-19 | オイレス工業株式会社 | Cam type for press |
US5881599A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1999-03-16 | Oiles Corporation | Cam for press die |
JPH10235437A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-08 | Sankyo Oiruresu Kogyo Kk | Cam unit for press die |
DE19753549C2 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-02-17 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive |
US6189360B1 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2001-02-20 | Sanyo Machine America Corp. | Metal forming machine |
US5884521A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 1999-03-23 | Lamina, Inc. | High performance aerial and die mount cams |
DE19855919A1 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-06-08 | Umix Co Ltd | Press machine has lower tool with passive cam fitted into guide base for easy removal after guide supports are withdrawn |
US6170375B1 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 2001-01-09 | Lamina, Inc. | Bump cam |
JP3072095B1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2000-07-31 | ユミックス株式会社 | Press equipment |
JP2001137947A (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-22 | Umix Kk | Energizing device of press die |
DE50013358D1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2006-10-05 | Harald Weigelt | cotter |
AU2002242162A1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-09-04 | Anchor Lamina, Inc. | Press action simulator for aerial cam set up |
US6672126B2 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2004-01-06 | The Gates Corporation | Stepped cam die |
US7258030B2 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2007-08-21 | Syron Engineering & Manufacturing, Llc | Failsafe element for rotary cam unit used in a flanged die |
JP2004249355A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-09 | Sankyo Oilless Industry Inc | Method for adjusting installation position of module cam and machining tool |
JP2005144493A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-09 | Umix Co Ltd | Double action cam mold |
US6978651B2 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-27 | Anchor Lamina America, Inc. | Roller cam |
US6990844B1 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2006-01-31 | Anchor Lamina America, Inc. | Narrow aerial and die-mount cams |
US7523634B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2009-04-28 | Helical Cam, Llc. | Forming die having filler cam assembly |
US7431502B2 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2008-10-07 | Anchor Lamina America, Inc. | Universal cam slide |
US7191635B2 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2007-03-20 | Danly Iem, Llc | Press mounted cam |
CN100486727C (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2009-05-13 | 丹利·耶姆有限公司 | Press mounted cam |
US8171821B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2012-05-08 | Helical Cam, Llc | Corner cam assembly |
DE102008061420B9 (en) | 2008-12-10 | 2011-02-10 | voestalpine Gießerei Linz GmbH | cotter |
JP5448520B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-03-19 | 三協オイルレス工業株式会社 | Mounting structure of the cushioning material for the cam slider of the cam device |
CN102000741A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-04-06 | 青岛诺义信模具部件有限公司 | Multifunctional assembled inclined wedge |
CN102266890B (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-06-12 | 东莞市大忠电子有限公司 | Double side punching-hole and double side punching-hole flange integrated structure for double-hole shielding cover progressive mould |
CN102284620B (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-06-12 | 东莞市大忠电子有限公司 | Bilateral hole turnup structure of double-hole shielding cover progressive die |
CN103128185B (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2015-03-11 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Carrying device and stamping device adopting the same |
CN103264086A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-28 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Built-in wedge mechanism of swaging core |
CN103394596A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-11-20 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Tapered wedge mechanism of floor die |
CN103639258B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Double-acting flanging and shaping mechanism |
DE102015103114A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-10 | Voestalpine Giesserei Linz Gmbh | Improved tool shifter and method for its manufacture |
DE102014102993B4 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2016-05-12 | Voestalpine Giesserei Linz Gmbh | tool pusher |
WO2015132353A2 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-11 | Voestalpine Giesserei Linz Gmbh | Tool slide |
DE102015103112B4 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2019-10-10 | voestalpine Gießerei Linz GmbH | tool pusher |
JP2017507036A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2017-03-16 | フェストアルピネ・ギーセライ・リンツ・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | Tool slide |
CN104107859A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-22 | 昆山市三众模具制造有限公司 | Edge cutting and punching die |
CN104438830B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Trimming and piercing die |
CN104959460B (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-11 | 上汽大众汽车有限公司 | Slant punching die structure and punching method for automobile metal plate punch piece |
JP1620160S (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-12-10 | ||
JP1631354S (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-05-13 | ||
IT201900018953A1 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | O M C R S R L | CAM FOR MOLDS |
JP1707599S (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-02-16 | Cam unit |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2101511A (en) * | 1981-07-16 | 1983-01-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Trimming and piercing apparatus |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2421864A (en) * | 1945-09-04 | 1947-06-10 | Boeing Aircraft Co | Angle punch unit |
US2539085A (en) * | 1947-09-02 | 1951-01-23 | Kurt C Kerseg | Die set |
US3033066A (en) * | 1960-03-04 | 1962-05-08 | Vogel Tool & Die Corp | Apparatus for slotting the ends of tubing |
US3541909A (en) * | 1968-04-05 | 1970-11-24 | Romer H Franzen | Side action piercing unit |
US3709082A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1973-01-09 | J Leska | Simultaneous multiple side punching apparatus |
FR2561143B1 (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1987-12-24 | Suinat Cie Srs Anc Atel Macler | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIDE ADJUSTING METAL PARTS, ESPECIALLY MOUTHPIECES |
JPS617024A (en) * | 1985-06-08 | 1986-01-13 | Takatsu Seisakusho:Kk | Method and apparatus for manufacturing front pillar or the like of automobile |
-
1990
- 1990-11-09 ES ES90121507T patent/ES2069654T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-09 EP EP90121507A patent/EP0484588B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-09 DE DE69018082T patent/DE69018082T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-20 US US07/631,150 patent/US5101705A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2101511A (en) * | 1981-07-16 | 1983-01-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Trimming and piercing apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 10, no. 153 (M-484)[2209], 3rd June 1986; & JP-A-61 007 024 (TAKATSU) 13-01-1986 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 10, no. 55 (M-458)[2112], 5th March 1986; & JP-A-60 203 327 (NISSAN) 14-10-1985 * |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5307715A (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-05-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | Angle punching die arrangement |
WO1994005443A1 (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Angle punching die arrangement and punching press having such an arrangement |
EP0922509A1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-06-16 | Umix Co., Ltd. | Press device |
EP0983808A1 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-08 | Oiles Corporation | Cam slide driving apparatus |
US6250177B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 | 2001-06-26 | Oiles Corporation | Cam apparatus |
WO2000038907A2 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-06 | Harald Weigelt | V-belt drive for diverting a vertical force of pressure |
WO2000038907A3 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2002-09-26 | Harald Weigelt | V-belt drive for diverting a vertical force of pressure |
EP1136151A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-26 | Sankyo Oilless Industry, Inc. | Cam unit equipped with self-centering means |
EP1362651A1 (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-19 | Umix Co., Ltd. | Slide cam die |
CN101203338B (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2012-10-10 | E·魏格尔特 | Tool fastening device for a v-belt drive |
WO2006136404A1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Elke Weigelt | Tool fastening device for a v-belt drive |
US8863566B2 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2014-10-21 | Elke Weigelt | Tool fastening device for a wedge drive |
DE102006036654A1 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-07 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive with forced return device |
US8689600B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2014-04-08 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive with a force returning device |
DE102006036654B4 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-12-04 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive with forced return device |
US8430385B2 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2013-04-30 | Harald Weigelt | Wedge drive with slider receiving means |
DE102008006864A1 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-06 | Mühlhoff Umformtechnik GmbH | Method for simultaneous multiple punching of curved surface of automatic flywheel of motor vehicle, involves punching work pieces by dies that are displaced with respect to circumference of one of work pieces |
EP2881190A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2015-06-10 | Sankyo Oilless Industry, Inc | Method for managing groups of cam devices for a press machine |
CN104289596A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-21 | 瑞鹄汽车模具有限公司 | Drawing and trimming die |
CN105195620A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-30 | 无锡微研精密冲压件股份有限公司 | Side surface bonding double-side burring die |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2069654T3 (en) | 1995-05-16 |
DE69018082T2 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
DE69018082D1 (en) | 1995-04-27 |
EP0484588B1 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
US5101705A (en) | 1992-04-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0484588B1 (en) | Die including slide cam | |
JP3540308B2 (en) | Slide cam type | |
JP2880490B1 (en) | Press equipment | |
US4510789A (en) | Press brake | |
KR20000022731A (en) | Cam apparatus | |
US6220137B1 (en) | Press apparatus | |
EP1449600B1 (en) | Module cam and method for aligning and fastening a tool | |
US4760633A (en) | Method for body panel attachment | |
US4082026A (en) | Portable press | |
EP1000734A2 (en) | Press apparatus | |
JPH0692011B2 (en) | Mold with slide cam | |
US4392400A (en) | Trimming and piercing apparatus | |
EP0635321B1 (en) | Low noise punch tool | |
CA2029340C (en) | Die including slide cam | |
JPS5927664B2 (en) | press equipment | |
KR950002095B1 (en) | Die having slide cam | |
JP2575723B2 (en) | Plate material bending method and bending mold | |
CN112846006A (en) | Round pin axle is cuted chamfer integral type mould | |
US4175737A (en) | Stop mechanism | |
GB2101511A (en) | Trimming and piercing apparatus | |
AU744270B2 (en) | Pressing apparatus | |
CN219253823U (en) | Automobile steering bearing punching die device | |
JPS63220932A (en) | Die moving piercing device | |
EP0557551A1 (en) | Die having triple-structural hanging cams | |
JP3454198B2 (en) | Cam type for press |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920617 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19930216 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69018082 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950427 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2069654 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20041027 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20041118 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20041123 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20041125 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20050128 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051109 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051109 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051110 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051110 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060601 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20051109 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060731 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20060731 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20051110 |