EP0481833B1 - Spendereinheit für ein flüssiges Produkt, die eine Vorrichtung mit zwei Hebelarmen zur Betätigung einer Abgabeeinrichtung beinhaltet - Google Patents

Spendereinheit für ein flüssiges Produkt, die eine Vorrichtung mit zwei Hebelarmen zur Betätigung einer Abgabeeinrichtung beinhaltet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0481833B1
EP0481833B1 EP91402480A EP91402480A EP0481833B1 EP 0481833 B1 EP0481833 B1 EP 0481833B1 EP 91402480 A EP91402480 A EP 91402480A EP 91402480 A EP91402480 A EP 91402480A EP 0481833 B1 EP0481833 B1 EP 0481833B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dispensing
unit according
constituted
grooves
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91402480A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0481833A1 (de
Inventor
Vincent De Laforcade
Gilles Baudin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LOreal SA
Original Assignee
LOreal SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LOreal SA filed Critical LOreal SA
Publication of EP0481833A1 publication Critical patent/EP0481833A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0481833B1 publication Critical patent/EP0481833B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/16—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means
    • B65D83/20—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means operated by manual action, e.g. button-type actuator or actuator caps
    • B65D83/205—Actuator caps, or peripheral actuator skirts, attachable to the aerosol container
    • B65D83/206—Actuator caps, or peripheral actuator skirts, attachable to the aerosol container comprising a cantilevered actuator element, e.g. a lever pivoting about a living hinge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluid product distribution assembly, equipped with a double lever arm device for actuating a product distribution member.
  • Numerous devices for dispensing a fluid product, in liquid or pasty form, which consist of a container containing the substance to be dispensed, said container being provided with a dispensing member for the outlet of the product and carrying a dispensing head fixed by embolization, snap or screwing on the container; said head comprises a push button on which the user presses to cause the product to be dispensed by opening the dispensing member.
  • the assembly is either of the "aerosol” type and contains a propellant gas, or of the "pump” type, the dispensing member being respectively a valve or a manual mechanical pump.
  • US-A-3,611,820 shows that it is known to facilitate dispensing by using a lever arm device to actuate the dispensing member.
  • the installation of the lever arm device increases the size, in particular when the assembly has, in cross section, a circular shape.
  • the product is distributed laterally, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the assembly.
  • the distribution is made perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipse: in fact, for reasons of cleanliness, it is necessary that the dispensing orifice of the product is always located at a point close to an edge of the container, so that the droplets of sprayed product do not do not dirty the container. In addition, it is often necessary to decenter the neck of the container to arrange it on the end of the minor axis of the ellipse, which can disturb the flow of the product to be dispensed.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to produce such a dispensing assembly for a fluid product, the subject of the preamble of claim 1, comprising a dispensing member disposed on the longitudinal axis of said assembly, in which the spray jet is substantially perpendicular to the major axis of the ellipse if the assembly has, in cross section, an elliptical shape and in which a device with double lever arms is used to actuate the product distribution member, this device being able to be also well used by left-handers than by right-handers.
  • This object is achieved by using as a double lever arm an element of symmetrical shape, which is guided parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container by a system comprising lugs fixed to said element; these cleats move in grooves dug in guide members parallel to said longitudinal axis arranged symmetrically with respect to said longitudinal axis; said element can rotate alternately around two parallel axes passing through the upper end of two grooves.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a distribution assembly for a fluid product equipped with a lever arm device for actuating the distribution member of said product, this assembly consisting, on the one hand, of a container provided a dispensing member located on the longitudinal axis of said assembly and actuable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the assembly, using a push button provided with a lateral orifice for distributing the fluid product and, on the other hand, a dispensing head fixed on said container, said head comprising a fixed part and a movable part constituting the device capable of actuating the dispensing member by pressing on said push-button, characterized in that in the first place, the fixed part of the dispensing head comprises a zone in which an opening has been made for the sliding of the push button and which carries, on the side opposite to the container, g-organs uides in which are formed four grooves arranged symmetrically with respect to two perpendicular planes containing the longitudinal axis and extending in a direction substantially
  • the first plane of symmetry of the grooves contains the major axis of the ellipse and the second plane, the minor axis of the ellipse.
  • the longitudinal axis of the lever arm element is parallel to the major axis of the ellipse and the jet of product dispensed is parallel to the minor axis of the ellipse.
  • the guide members are preferably constituted by four pillars, each pillar having a groove. They can also advantageously be constituted by a continuous wall carrying two grooves and by two pillars, the continuous wall when it faces the dispensing orifice, being provided with an opening for the passage of the jet of dispensed product. They can also be constituted by two continuous walls, the wall facing the dispensing orifice being provided with an opening for the passage of the jet of dispensed product. These different variants allow to modify the aesthetics of the whole.
  • the element can be constituted for example by a rod. It is preferably constituted by a plate which may have a flat or curved surface.
  • this assembly is as follows. In the rest position, the four tabs are in abutment in the grooves of the guide member. When the user presses a part of the element located towards the outside beyond the guide members, the element presses the push button by means of its stud, which causes the product distribution. Simultaneously, two of the tabs fixed on the element slide towards the container in the two grooves located on the side where the support is pressed, the other two tabs remaining in abutment at the end of the other two grooves.
  • the valve actuator being completely symmetrical, the user can obtain the same result by pressing with the index finger of the right hand on the right part of the element and with the index finger of the left hand, on the left part of the element.
  • the upper surface of the push button is preferably cup-shaped so as to maintain better contact between the stud and the upper surface of the push button during operation of the device.
  • the push button preferably has a groove which cooperates with a rib secured to the area of the fixed part to prevent rotation of the push button relative to the plate.
  • the rib preferably protrudes from the edge of the opening. It should be noted that other anti-rotation devices could be used.
  • the element is advantageously constituted by a plate having a narrower middle part, which is disposed between the grooves and, at each end of said middle part of two larger parts on which the user can press.
  • the maximum length of the wafer is equal to the diameter of the container when the container is a cyclist with circular section, or to the largest axis when the container is a cylinder with elliptical section. In this way, the wafer does not exceed and does not increase the size of the assembly.
  • the tabs are preferably arranged so as to project from the lateral edge of the plate, preferably in its narrow part.
  • Each cleat is advantageously constituted by a corner which is connected by its point to the plate by means of a film hinge, the point of the corner being turned towards the face of the plate which carries the nipple, said corner being capable of erase in a notch provided in the edge of the plate.
  • the central zone of the upper face carrying the guide members is advantageously a plate carried by the fixed part of the dispensing head, said fixed part being constituted by a cap provided with a cylindrical skirt which makes it possible to fix the dispensing head on the container by snapping, screwing or any other suitable means.
  • the assembly 1 consists of a pressurized container 2 on which a dispensing head 3 is fixed by snap fastening, comprising a fixed part 4 and a movable part 5.
  • the container 2 partially shown in Figure 1 is constituted by a cylindrical part with circular cross section closed at one end by a bottom (not shown) and at the other end by a dome 6 carrying, at its upper part, a cup of valve fixed by crimping 7; the valve cup carries in its center a valve, of which the emerging stem has been designated by 8.
  • a push button 9 of cylindrical shape is fitted onto the rod 8.
  • the orifice 10 for dispensing the fluid product opens onto the cylindrical side wall of the push button 9.
  • the upper surface 11 of the push button 9 has a shape in a bowl, the bottom of the bowl being on the side of the container.
  • a groove 19 (FIG. 5) is formed in the side wall of the push button 9, this groove being diametrically opposite the orifice 10.
  • the fixed part 4 of the dispensing head 3 is constituted by a cap, comprising a cylindrical skirt 12 fixed by snap-fastening on the container 2 and an upper face 13 perpendicular to the axis of the skirt 12.
  • a plate 15 of square shape provided, at each of its four corners, with a pillar 16 a , 16 b , 16 c , 16 d and pierced, in its center, with a opening 17 having an internal diameter equal, apart from the necessary clearance, to the external diameter of the push button 9.
  • the edge of the opening 17 is provided with a rib 18, which is capable of cooperating with the groove 19 of the push button 9.
  • the pillars 16 a , 16 b , 16 c , 16 d are each hollowed out with a groove 20 a , 20 b , 20 c , 20 d .
  • These grooves are arranged symmetrically two by two with respect to the plane passing through the axis of the assembly and perpendicular to the axial plane which contains the orifice 10 and the rib 18; the groove 20 has faces of the groove 20 and the groove 20 b faces the groove 20 c.
  • the grooves 20 a , 20 b , 20 c , 20 d are closed at their upper part (in the position shown in the various figures) by a wall perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the assembly forming a stop 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d .
  • the movable part 5 of the dispensing head 3 is constituted by a plate having the general shape of a dumbbell: this plate has a narrower part 22 connecting two enlarged parts 23 a and 23 b .
  • the narrower part carries in the middle, on its face facing the container, a stud 24, which when the part 5 is in place, rests in the bowl of the upper surface 11 of the push button 9.
  • tabs 25 a , 25 b , 25 c , 25 d so that they can penetrate the grooves 20 a , 20 b , 20 c and 20 d respectively.
  • the cleat 25 a is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 4. It consists of a wedge-shaped piece 26 a , the lower point of which is connected by a film hinge 27 a to the lower part of a notch 28 a parallelepiped formed in the edge of the plate; the film hinge 27 a is fixed to the tip of the corner and the notch 28 a has dimensions such that the corner 26 a can retract into said notch 28 a .
  • the tabs 25 a , 25 b , 25 c , 25 d can be obtained by molding with the plate 5.
  • the outer edge of the rounded ends of the plate 5 is in an arc of a circle so as not to protrude relative to the skirt 12.
  • the longitudinal axis of the plate 5 is perpendicular to the plane connecting the groove from the push button to the dispensing orifice. The jet of product dispensed is therefore perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plate 5.
  • the assembly 1 operates in the manner described below. In the absence of distribution (see FIG. 1) the push button 9 is in the high position and the plate 5 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the assembly 1, the tabs 25 a , 25 b , 25 c , 25 d all being in abutment against the stops 21 a , 21 b , 21 c , 21 d respectively.
  • the plate 5 tilts by sliding the tabs 25 a and 25 d in the grooves 20 a and 20 d respectively.
  • the stud 24 presses the push button 9 and pushes it, which causes the distribution of the product contained in the container 2 through the opening of the valve.
  • the tabs 25 b and 25 c remain in abutment against the walls 21 b and 21 c respectively. Everything therefore happens as if the plate rotates around an axis passing through the tabs 25 b and 25 c .
  • the push button 9 sliding in the opening 17 made in the tray 15, the rib 18 slides in the groove 19 and guides the push button 9 preventing it from rotating relative to the tray. This maintains the position of the orifice spray 10 with respect to pillars 16 a and 16 b .
  • the push button 9 returns to the high position under the action of the valve spring and returns the plate 5 to its initial position.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Abgabevorrichtung für Flüssigprodukte mit einer Vorrichtung mit Hebelarm zur Betätigung eines Abgabeorgans (8) zur Abgabe des Produkts, wobei die Vorrichtung (1) einerseits aus einem Behälter (2) mit dem auf der Längsachse der Vorrichtung (1) liegenden Abgabeorgan (8), welches in einer zur Längsachse der Vorrichtung parallelen Richtung mit Hilfe eines Druckknopfes (9) mit einer seitlichen Öffnung (10) zur Abgabe des flüssigen Produkts betätigbar ist, und andererseits aus einem auf dem Behälter fest angebrachten Abgabekopf besteht, welcher einen feststehenden Abschnitt (4) und einen beweglichen Abschnitt (5) aufweist, der die Vorrichtung bildet, mit welcher das Abgabeorgan durch Druck auf den Druckknopf (9) betätigbar ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß erstens der feststehende Abschnitt (4) des Abgabekopfes (3) einen Bereich (15) aufweist, in welchem eine Öffnung (17) zur Verschiebung des Druckknopfes (9) ausgebildet ist und der auf der dem Behälter (2) gegegenüberliegenden Seite Führungselemente aufweist, in welchem vier Auskehlungen (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) ausgebildet sind, welche bezüglich zweier senkrechter Ebenen symmetrisch angeordnet sind, welche die Längsachse enthalten und sich in einer zur Längsachse der Vorrichtung im wesentlichen parallelen Richtung erstrecken;
    daß zweitens der bewegliche Abschnitt aus einem Teil (5) besteht, welches einen Doppelhebelarm bildet, dessen Längsachse in der ersten Symmetrieebene der Auskehlungen (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) liegt, wobei das Teil vier Vorsprünge (25a, 25b, 25c, 25d) trägt, welche so angeordnet sind, daß sie jeweils in einer Auskehlung (20a; 20b; 20c; 20d) gleitend verschiebbar sind, wobei ein Zapfen (24) unter dem Teil (5) vorsteht und so angeordnet ist, daß er auf der Oberfläche des Druckknopfes (9) an einem Punkt in Auflage bringbar ist, der auf der Längsachse der Vorrichtung (1) liegt, und
    daß sich drittens die Abgabeöffnung (10), durch die ein Strahl des Produkts austreten kann, in der zweiten Symmetrieebene der Auskehlungen befindet.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungselemente aus vier Pfeilern (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d) gebildet sind, wovon jeder eine Auskehlung (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) aufweist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungselemente aus einer durchgehenden Wandung, welche zwei Auskehlungen aufweist, und aus zwei Pfeilern bestehen, wobei die durchgehende Wandung mit einer Öffnung für den Durchtritt des Strahls des abgegebenen Produkts aufweist, wenn sie der Abgabeöffnung (10) gegenübersteht.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungselemente aus zwei durchgehenden Wandungen gebildet sind, welche jeweils zwei Auskehlungen aufweisen, wobei die der Abgabeöffnung (10) gegenüberstehende durchgehende Wandung eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt des abgegebenen Produkts aufweist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Teil (5) aus einer Scheibe besteht.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, mit einem elliptisch geformten Querschnitt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die große Achse der Ellipse in der ersten Symmetrieebene der Auskehlungen und die kleine Ellipsenachse in der zweiten Ebene liegt.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberseite (11) des Druckknopfes (9) eine Mulde bildet.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckknopf eine Nut (19) aufweist, die mit einer fest mit dem Bereich (15) des feststehenden Abschnitts (4) verbundenen Rippe (18) zusammenwirkt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippe (18) über den Rand der Öffnung (17) übersteht.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Teil (5) aus einer Scheibe mit einem schmaleren Mittelabschnitt (22), welche zwischen den Führungselementen angeordnet ist, sowie aus zwei breiteren Abschnitten (23a und 23b) an jedem Ende des Mittelabschnitts besteht.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorsprünge (25a, 25b, 25c, 25d) so angeordnet sind, daß sie vom seitlichen Rand der Scheibe (5) aus überstehen.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Vorsprung (25a, 25b, 25c, 25d) aus einem Keilstück (26a) besteht, das über seine Spitze mittels eines Filmscharniers (27a) mit der Scheibe (5) verbunden ist, wobei die Spitze des Keilstücks (26a) der den Zapfen (24) tragenden Seite der Scheibe (5) zugekehrt ist und wobei das Keilstück in eine im Rand der Scheibe (5) ausgebildete Aussparung (28a) einschiebbar ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bereich (15) eine auf dem feststehenden Abschnitt (4) des Abgabekopfes gelagerte Platte ist, wobei der feststehende Abschnitt aus einer Kappe mit einem zylindrischen Mantelabschnitt (12) besteht, welcher eine Einrichtung zur Befestigung auf dem Behälter (2) aufweist.
EP91402480A 1990-10-15 1991-09-18 Spendereinheit für ein flüssiges Produkt, die eine Vorrichtung mit zwei Hebelarmen zur Betätigung einer Abgabeeinrichtung beinhaltet Expired - Lifetime EP0481833B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9012689A FR2667848B1 (fr) 1990-10-15 1990-10-15 Ensemble de distribution d'un produit fluide comportant un dispositif a double bras de levier pour actionner un organe de distribution.
FR9012689 1990-10-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0481833A1 EP0481833A1 (de) 1992-04-22
EP0481833B1 true EP0481833B1 (de) 1993-09-29

Family

ID=9401218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91402480A Expired - Lifetime EP0481833B1 (de) 1990-10-15 1991-09-18 Spendereinheit für ein flüssiges Produkt, die eine Vorrichtung mit zwei Hebelarmen zur Betätigung einer Abgabeeinrichtung beinhaltet

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5203478A (de)
EP (1) EP0481833B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3066776B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2052795C (de)
DE (1) DE69100439T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2044702T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2667848B1 (de)

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DE9216727U1 (de) * 1992-12-09 1993-05-13 Strauch, Otto John, 6654 Kirkel Kapsel für eine Taschen-Sprühflasche oder Taschen-Sprühflasche
FR2823729B1 (fr) * 2001-04-18 2003-05-16 Mt Packaging Poussoir de grande dimension a deplacement parallele et distributeur comprenant ledit poussoir
FR2848534B1 (fr) * 2002-12-11 2005-07-08 Valois Sas Ensemble de distribution de produit fluide
CN2592563Y (zh) * 2002-12-27 2003-12-17 林清旗 一种压杆式喷头
JP3730647B2 (ja) * 2004-01-22 2006-01-05 まとみ 加賀 ポンプ付液体容器の片手操作具
US7121434B1 (en) 2004-07-30 2006-10-17 The Gpm Group Llc Actuator for aerosol container
US20060138176A1 (en) * 2004-11-29 2006-06-29 L'oreal Device for packaging and dispensing a product
US8272542B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2012-09-25 Safeworld International Inc. Spray can handle attachment
KR101079725B1 (ko) * 2009-07-15 2011-11-03 주식회사 엘지생활건강 유체용기의 펌핑장치 및 누름버튼
EP2534069B1 (de) * 2010-02-10 2015-08-26 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Verschlusskappe einer Sprühdose
US20120000939A1 (en) 2010-05-21 2012-01-05 Erica Eden Cohen Shroud and dispensing system for a handheld countainer
US9211994B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2015-12-15 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Shroud and dispensing system for a handheld container
USD652319S1 (en) 2010-11-18 2012-01-17 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Container
JP6598677B2 (ja) * 2015-06-30 2019-10-30 株式会社吉野工業所 吐出面に内容物を吐出する吐出容器
CA3181311A1 (en) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-23 John W. Freudenberg Aerosol actuator

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US3611820A (en) * 1969-05-19 1971-10-12 Marsh Stencil Machine Co Spray-valve-actuating device

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US2558272A (en) * 1950-06-24 1951-06-26 Glidden Co Valve operating mechanism for spray cans
US2941700A (en) * 1958-12-18 1960-06-21 Howard S Gable Valve actuator for pressurized liquid spray containers
US3361301A (en) * 1966-05-17 1968-01-02 Meshberg Philip Actuator for material dispensing package
US3407975A (en) * 1966-05-20 1968-10-29 Gillette Co Aerosol container and cap therefor
US3404814A (en) * 1967-06-27 1968-10-08 Risdon Mfg Co Actuator for aerosol valve
US3429484A (en) * 1967-09-07 1969-02-25 Eugene R Baldwin Aerosol spray head actuator
US3933283A (en) * 1972-07-24 1976-01-20 Elmer Hoagland Actuator nozzle assembly for aerosol containers
US4024995A (en) * 1973-09-20 1977-05-24 Landen William James Safety dispenser for an aerosol dispenser
FR2589756B1 (fr) * 1985-11-13 1988-07-29 Valois Sa Dispositif de securite pour vaporisateur
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FR2607785B1 (fr) * 1986-12-05 1989-04-07 Moulage Specialise Atel Capuchon distributeur a partie mobile externe, recipient comportant un tel capuchon, et procede d'assemblage du capuchon au recipient
EP0402636A1 (de) * 1989-06-16 1990-12-19 Wella Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung, bestehend aus einem Vorratsbehälter und einer auf eine Sprühkopfpumpe wirkende Betätigungstaste

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US3611820A (en) * 1969-05-19 1971-10-12 Marsh Stencil Machine Co Spray-valve-actuating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2044702T3 (es) 1994-01-01
CA2052795A1 (fr) 1992-04-16
JP3066776B2 (ja) 2000-07-17
JPH04267775A (ja) 1992-09-24
US5203478A (en) 1993-04-20
DE69100439D1 (de) 1993-11-04
FR2667848B1 (fr) 1993-01-08
FR2667848A1 (fr) 1992-04-17
CA2052795C (fr) 2003-02-25
DE69100439T2 (de) 1994-05-11
EP0481833A1 (de) 1992-04-22

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