EP0473497B1 - Antennenvorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und Empfangen von Hochfrequenzwellen - Google Patents

Antennenvorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und Empfangen von Hochfrequenzwellen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0473497B1
EP0473497B1 EP91402287A EP91402287A EP0473497B1 EP 0473497 B1 EP0473497 B1 EP 0473497B1 EP 91402287 A EP91402287 A EP 91402287A EP 91402287 A EP91402287 A EP 91402287A EP 0473497 B1 EP0473497 B1 EP 0473497B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
rods
divider
transistor
rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91402287A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0473497A1 (de
Inventor
James Audren
Patrice Brault
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Societe dEetudes et de Realisation de Protection Electronique Informatique Electronique Securite Maritime SERPE IESM SA
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Societe dEetudes et de Realisation de Protection Electronique Informatique Electronique Securite Maritime SERPE IESM SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device forming an antenna emitting or receiving high frequency waves with a radiation pattern of variable orientation by rotation thereof.
  • Such devices are more commonly known as electronic guidance generally consisting of several antennas connected by appropriate phase shift networks creating a combination or distribution circuit, the guidance consisting in varying one or more phase shift networks, see US-A- 3,560,978.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by proposing a device forming an antenna transmitting or receiving high frequency waves with a radiation pattern of variable orientation by rotation using an electronic control circuit. , and characterized in that it comprises at least three parasitic vertical conductive rods arranged concentrically with a fourth vertical central conductive rod connected to the antenna down wire and in that the parasitic rods are brought periodically at least individually to a potential of ground respectively by switching elements controlled by the control circuit so that the parasitic rod (s) to ground form with the central rod one or more tuned doublets and that the parasitic rod (s) remaining non-ground form guiding elements radiation.
  • the device comprises four parasitic rods arranged symmetrically with the central rod and brought to ground successively by the control circuit so that the radiation pattern has a cardioid configuration.
  • the control circuit comprises a divider, the outputs of which deliver the control signals respectively from the switching elements in synchronism with a clock signal applied to the clock input of the divider having a frequency multiple of the frequency of each control signal or frequency of rotation of the antenna, the clock signal comprising a resetting signal part of the divider and being transmitted on a conductive line connected to the antenna down wire.
  • the control circuit further comprises a circuit for forming the clock signal comprising a microprocessor or a decoder counter delivering two control signals, one for activating or deactivating a transistor at the frequency multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna and the other of activation of another transistor for a period corresponding to said multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna at each period of rotation of the antenna, the collectors of the two transistors being connected in common and an emitter-follower transistor, the base of which is controlled by the collectors in common of the other two transistors and supplying on the aforementioned transmission line the clock signal having a low voltage level constituting the reset part of the applied divider to the latter by a reset transistor, followed by high voltage levels applied to the clock input of the divider by a transistor carried at saturation by these high levels.
  • a circuit for forming the clock signal comprising a microprocessor or a decoder counter delivering two control signals, one for activating or deactivating a transistor at the frequency multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna and the other of activ
  • the device further comprises two inductors of sufficient values to isolate the high frequency signal passing the aforementioned transmission line of the control circuit of the switching elements.
  • the switching elements consist of diodes, the cathodes of which are connected in common to the ground potential and the anodes connected respectively to the lower ends of the parasitic rods, which are also respectively connected to the outputs of the divider of the control circuit by the intermediary of resistances.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the antenna according to the invention associated with a control circuit.
  • FIG. 2 represents an electronic diagram of the control circuit.
  • FIG. 3 represents signals for controlling switching elements associated with the antenna.
  • FIG. 4 represents the radiation diagram of the antenna of FIG. 1.
  • the antenna according to the invention used as a direction finder, preferably comprises four vertical parasitic conductive rods 1-4 arranged symmetrically to a vertical central conductive rod 5 while being very close to the latter, for example d 'a distance of 0.14 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the high frequency signal transmitted or received by the antenna.
  • the length of each of the vertical rods 1-5 corresponds to 1/4 ⁇ .
  • the central rod 5 has its lower end electrically connected to an antenna down wire 6 connected to a transmitter or a receiver (not shown) of the high frequency signal.
  • the parasitic rods 1-4 each have their upper ends extended by a horizontal section 1a-4a directed towards the upper end of the central rod 5 in order to increase the capacity of the central rod 5 relative to each surrounding parasitic rod 1 -4.
  • the lower ends of the parasitic rods 1-4 are respectively connected to the anodes of four variable capacity diodes 7-10, the cathodes of which are connected in common to a ground potential (0 volts).
  • the lower ends of the rods 1-4 are also connected respectively to resistors 11-14, the terminals opposite to those connected to the rods 1-4 are respectively connected to four outputs of an electronic control circuit 15.
  • the circuit 15 is adapted to periodically supply control signals VA, VB, VC, VD respectively of the diodes 7-10 through the resistors 11-14 so as to make the diodes 7-10 successively conductive and thus successively carry the parasitic rods 1-4 to mass potential.
  • the control circuit 15 comprises an octal divider 16, known per se, whose outputs Q0 to Q3 respectively deliver the control signals VA to VD from the diodes 7-10 by the resistors 7-14 in synchronism with a clock signal S obtained from a training circuit 17 which will be described later.
  • the clock input CLK of the divider 16 is connected to the common junction of two resistors R1 and R2, the resistor R1 having its other terminal connected to ground while the other terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the collector of a transistor T1, the base of which is connected to a positive supply potential and to one terminal of a capacitor C1, the other terminal of which is connected to ground.
  • the emitter of transistor T1 is connected to the cathode of a diode D1 for reverse polarization protection of the emitter base of transistor T1.
  • the anode of diode D1 is connected to a resistor R3 also connected to the base of a transistor T2 for resetting the divider 16.
  • a resistor R4 is connected between the base of the transistor T2 and ground.
  • the transistor T2 has its emitter connected to ground and its collector connected to the reset or reset input of the divider 16.
  • a resistor R5 also connects the collector of the transistor T2 to the positive supply potential.
  • An inductor L1 connects the anode of the diode D1 to the central conductor 18 of a coaxial cable, which conductor 18 is connected to the antenna down wire 6 via, if necessary, a capacitor C2.
  • the training circuit 17 comprises a transistor T3 connected as an emitter follower with a diode D2 protecting the base-emitter junction of the transistor T3, the emitter of which is connected to a resistor R5 in series with an inductance L2 connected to the conductor 18.
  • the collector of transistor T3 is connected to the positive supply potential and to a resistor R6, the other terminal of which is connected on the one hand to a capacitor C3 having its other terminal to ground and on the other hand to a resistor R7 having its other terminal connected to the base of transistor T3.
  • the base of transistor T3 is thus connected by the resistance R7 to a supply decoupled by the capacitor C3 and activated by the resistance R6 from the main supply.
  • the circuit 17 further comprises two transistors T4 and T5, the bases of which are connected respectively to two resistors R8 and R9.
  • the collector of transistor T4 is connected to a resistor R10 having its other terminal connected to the base of transistor T3 while transistor T5 has its collector connected directly to the base of transistor T3.
  • Transistors T4 and T5 also have their emitters connected to ground.
  • the bases of transistors T4 and T5 are controlled through resistors R8 and R9 by signals from a circuit 19, which can be constituted by a microprocessor or a counter-decoder.
  • the circuit 19 is adapted to activate or deactivate the transistor T4 by a signal having a frequency four times greater than the frequency Fr of rotation of the antenna or the frequency of each control signal VA, VB, VC and VD of diode control 7-10.
  • the circuit 19 is further adapted to activate the transistor T5 by a signal for a duration corresponding to four times the frequency of rotation of the antenna Fr at each complete rotation of the antenna, that is to say that the transistor T5 is activated once every rotation of the antenna for a quarter of the rotation period.
  • the resistors R6, R7 and R10 the voltage at the conductor 18 has the form of the signal S.
  • the signal S comprises a part P1 with a voltage level of approximately 0 volts and a period of a quarter of the period corresponding to the frequency Fr and three parts of the clock P2-P4, each of a period corresponding to four times the frequency Fr.
  • the inductor L1 supplies the circuit delivering the VA-VD control signals; the central conductor 18 of the coaxial cable being moreover connected to the transmitter or to the receiver of high frequency signals through a capacitor C4.
  • the value of each inductor L1 and L2 must be sufficient to isolate the high frequency signal passing through the conductor 18 of the circuit 15.
  • the circuit 19 drives the bases of the transistors T4 and T5 by the signals defined above and the base of the transistor T3 is controlled by the reader necks of the transistors T4 and T5 so as to supply, via the resistor R5 and inductance L2 signal S.
  • Current from inductance L1, via diode D1 and transistor T1 charges the supply line of capacitor C1 at a voltage close to the supply voltage of start, which is actually the voltage at capacitor C3 minus the three diode voltage drops, during the three highest voltage levels of parts P2, P4 of signal S.
  • transistor T1 saturates and supplies three clock signals to the divider 16 via the resistors R1 and R2.
  • the transistor T2 is deactivated because its base voltage coming from the resistors R3 and R4 is too low.
  • the deactivated transistor T2 then supplies a positive reset pulse of the divider 16 so as to thus set up a sequence of the outputs Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 of the divider 16 in synchronism with the waveform of the signal S.
  • the output Q0 of the latter provides the voltage VA for controlling the diode 7, the outputs Q1 to Q3 being at the potential of 0 volts.
  • the output Q1 of the latter supplies the control signal VB of the diode 8 at the same time as the control signal VA ends, the outputs Q2 and Q3 being always at the potential of 0 volt.
  • the output Q2 provides the control signal VC of the diode 9 at the same time as the control signal VB ends, the outputs Q0 and Q3 being at 0 volts.
  • the output Q3 of the divider 16 supplies the control voltage VD of the diode 10 at the same time as the control signal VC ends with the outputs Q0 and Q1 at the potential of 0 volts. .
  • the diodes 7 to 10 are thus successively polarized in passing condition or high capacity condition respectively by the control signals VA to VD at the frequency of each of these signals or frequency of rotation of the antenna Fr.
  • the rods parasites 1-4 of the antenna are successively grounded at the frequency of the VA-VD control signals.
  • the rod 1 when the rod 1 is grounded, it then constitutes, with the central rod 5, a tuned doublet or loop antenna tuned by virtue of the capacity encountered at the ends of the rods 1 and 5.
  • the rod 3, diametrically opposite to the rod 1, then behaves as a parasitic steering element, electrically short (as regards its effective length) and spaced 0.14 ⁇ relative to the active antenna formed by the rods 1 and 5.
  • the radiation diagram has the cardioid shape shown in FIG. 4 when the rods 1 and 5 form a tuned doublet.
  • the antenna has been described as comprising four parasitic rods around a central rod but it is understood that the antenna may comprise three parasitic vertical rods arranged concentrically with the central vertical rod so as to be equidistant from one another 120 ° with three switching diodes respectively associated with the three parasitic rods and controlled by the control circuit 15, the divider of which would deliver on its three outputs Q0 to Q3 the three control signals VA-VC for switching the corresponding diodes so as to obtain a rotation of the radiation pattern in 120 ° increments.
  • the clock signal S will comprise a part P1 for resetting the divider 16 of a duration equal to one third of the period of rotation of the antenna and two parts P2 and P3 of high levels of one frequency three times the frequency Fr.
  • the antenna can also operate with more than four parasitic rods around the central rod without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the antenna can also operate by switching in passing condition three diodes with the remaining diode, in the case of four diodes associated respectively with four parasitic rods, in blocking condition, or with two adjacent diodes in the passing position and both other diodes in blocking position.
  • the antenna can be used in an inverted position with respect to that of FIG. 1 if this is necessary, as is for example the case on helicopters, airplanes, and ....
  • the clock signal S instead of being transmitted on the conductive wire 18 to the divider 16 through the windings L1 and L2 and the transistors T1 and T2, can be transmitted on an independent conductive wire not connected to the antenna down 6.
  • the antenna according to the invention thus has the advantage that it does not require a ground plane, requires only one antenna descent and is guided electronically by switching elements controlled by an electronic circuit of design relatively simple, these switching elements can be constituted, in place of the diodes, by transistors, field effect devices, or even relays.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Antennenvorrichtung zum Aussenden und Empfang von Hochfrequenzwellen mit einem Strahlungsdiagramm, dessen Ausrichtung durch Drehung mit Hilfe einer elektronischen Steuerschaltung veränderbar ist, mit wenigstens drei vertikalen leitenden Störstäben (1-3), die konzentrisch zu einem vierten vertikalen zentralen leitenden Stab (5), der mit einem Antennenfalleiter (6) verbunden ist, angeordnet ist und wobei die Störstäbe periodisch wenigstens individuell jeweils mit einem Erdpotential durch Schaltelemente (7-9) verbunden sind, die von der Steuerschaltung (15) so gesteuert werden, dass der oder die Störstäbe (1-3) mit dem zentralen Stab (5) einen oder gestimmte Dipole bilden und dass der oder die verbleibenden Störstäbe, die nicht geerdet sind, Strahlungsrichtungselemente bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Störstäbe (1-3) an einer Entfernung von dem zentralen Stab (5) angeordnet sind, die gleich 0,14 λ ist und mit dem zentralen Stab (5) eine Länge gleich 1/4 λ haben, wo λ die Wellenlänge ist, und dass die Störstäbe jeweils an ihrem äusseren Ende durch einen horizontalen Bereich (1a-3a) verlängert sind, der zum zentralen Stab (5) hingerichtet ist, so dass die Kapazität von letzterem bezogen auf jeden Störstab erhöht wird.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie vier Störstäbe (1-4) besitzt, die symmetrisch zum zentralen Stab (5) angeordnet sind und nacheinander durch die Steuerschaltung (15) von vier Steuerelementen (7-10) an Masse oder Erde gelegt werden, so dass das Strahlungsdiagram eine herzförmige Gestalt hat.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (15) einen Teiler (16) besitzt, dessen Ausgänge (Q0-Q3) die Steuersignale (VA-VD) der jeweiligen Schaltelemente (7-10) synchron mit einem Taktsignal (S) liefern, das an den Takteingang des Teilers (16) anlegt, der eine Frequenz hat, die ein Vielfaches der Frequenz jedes Steuersignals (VA; VB; VC; VD) oder der Drehfrequenz der Antenne (Fr) ist, wobei das Taktsignal (S) einen Signalteil (P1) zur Wiederinitialisierung des Teilers (16) hat und an einen Leiter (18) übertragen wird, der mit dem Antennenfalldraht (6) verbunden ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (15) ferner eine Schaltung (17) zur Bildung des Taktsignals (S) besitzt, die einen Mikroprozessor oder einen Zähler-Dekoder (19) besitzt, der zwei Steuersignale liefert, eines zur Erregung oder zur Entregung eines Transistors (T4) mit der Frequenz, die ein Vielfaches der Drehfrequenz der Antenne (Fr) ist und das andere zur Aktivierung eines anderen Transistors (T5) während einer Zeitdauer, die dem Vielfachen der Drehfrequenz der Antenne (Fr) bei jeder Drehperiode der Antenne entspricht, wobei die Kollektoren der Transistoren (T4, T5) miteinander und mit einem Emitter-Folgertransistor (T3) verbunden sind, dessen Basis von den gemeinsamen Kollektoren der zwei anderen Transistoren (T4, T5) gesteuert wird, und an die genannte Übertragungsleitung (18) das Taktsignal (S) geben, das ein niedriges Spannungsniveau hat, das den Wiederinitialisierungsteil des Teilers (16) bildet, das an letzterem über einen Wiederinitialisierungstransistor (T2) angelegt wird, und auf das hohe Spannungsniveaus folgen, die an den Takteingang des Teilers (16) über einen Transistor (T1) angelegt werden, der durch die hohen Niveaus in einen Sättigungszustand gebracht wird.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwei Induktivitäten (L1, L2) besitzt, deren Wert ausreicht, um das Hochfrequenzsignal, das durch die genannte Übertragunsleitung (18) der Steuerschaltung (15) gelangt, zu isolieren.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerelemente (7-10) von Dioden gebildet werden, deren Katoden miteinander und mit einem Massepotential verbunden sind, und deren Anoden jeweils mit den unteren Enden der Störstäbe (1-4) verbunden sind, die ebenfalls jeweils mit den Ausgängen (Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3) des Teilers (16) durch Widerstände (11-14) verbunden sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, da durch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Radiogoniometer verwendet wird.
EP91402287A 1990-08-21 1991-08-21 Antennenvorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und Empfangen von Hochfrequenzwellen Expired - Lifetime EP0473497B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9010528A FR2666178A1 (fr) 1990-08-21 1990-08-21 Dispositif formant antenne emettrice ou receptrice d'ondes de haute frequence.
FR9010528 1990-08-21

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EP0473497A1 EP0473497A1 (de) 1992-03-04
EP0473497B1 true EP0473497B1 (de) 1994-12-07

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US (1) US5235343A (de)
EP (1) EP0473497B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE115336T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69105670D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2666178A1 (de)

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ATE115336T1 (de) 1994-12-15
FR2666178A1 (fr) 1992-02-28
DE69105670D1 (de) 1995-01-19
US5235343A (en) 1993-08-10
EP0473497A1 (de) 1992-03-04
FR2666178B1 (de) 1997-02-07

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