EP0469317B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Andruckkraft auf einen Erdbohrmeissel - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Andruckkraft auf einen Erdbohrmeissel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0469317B1
EP0469317B1 EP91110976A EP91110976A EP0469317B1 EP 0469317 B1 EP0469317 B1 EP 0469317B1 EP 91110976 A EP91110976 A EP 91110976A EP 91110976 A EP91110976 A EP 91110976A EP 0469317 B1 EP0469317 B1 EP 0469317B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bit
drilling
tube part
end tube
rig according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91110976A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0469317A2 (de
EP0469317A3 (en
Inventor
Rainer Dr.-Ing. Jürgens
Friedhelm Makohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of EP0469317A2 publication Critical patent/EP0469317A2/de
Publication of EP0469317A3 publication Critical patent/EP0469317A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0469317B1 publication Critical patent/EP0469317B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/005—Below-ground automatic control systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for sinking a hole in underground rock formations according to the preamble of claim 1 and the preamble of claim 5.
  • the sinking of bores with a drilling tool that can be displaced axially relative to the drill pipe string to a limited extent via a telescopic connection pursues different goals in previously known methods and drilling devices.
  • a main goal is the possibility of length adjustments (DE-GM 88 16 167), as is particularly desirable and necessary when drilling wells from floating drilling platforms.
  • the variability in length aims to adjust the distance between a first stabilizer, which is arranged near the rotary drill bit, and a second stabilizer above the first, around the bending behavior of the drilling tool and thus the angle of attack of the central axis of the rotary drill bit to the borehole axis and in this way to influence the course of the borehole.
  • the telescopic connection serves to create a play in the movement of the blows.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which allows an increase in drilling progress with changing drilling parameters such as rock strength.
  • the method according to the invention with its surface-controlled adjustment of the M foundedkraft by changing the hydraulic parameters relevant for the hydraulic power dissipation on the rotary drill bit ensures an optimization of the drilling progress in terms of the given rock strength, the direction of the bore, the formation and the rotational speed of the rotary drill bit and other drilling parameters relevant for the drilling process.
  • the load on the rotary drill bit is evened out by eliminating the effects of the drill pipe string, which continuously generates axial vibrations as a torsion spring, due to the mechanical axial decoupling of the drilling tool.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing a structurally simple drilling device in which the rotary drill bit of the drilling tool operates under conditions which are improved for the drilling process and largely free of intrinsic interference from the system.
  • the drilling tool enables the rotary drill bit to be acted upon largely free of system interference, with an adaptation to the formation conditions Chisel pressure. Since the part of the drilling device located below the telescopic device is only axially hydraulically coupled to the part located above it, all components above the telescopic device are only subjected to tension with the consequence of increased stability of the drilling device, the threads of which are relieved.
  • the drill collars are mainly only used to prevent buckling, which simplifies the drilling device.
  • the drilling device illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a drilling tool 1, which is connected to a drill pipe string 3 via connection means in the form of a connection thread 2 and is provided with a rotary drill bit 4 at its end facing away from the drill pipe string 3.
  • the tubular outer housing 5, 6 of the drilling tool is provided in its lower and upper area with a stabilizer formed by stabilizer ribs or wings 7, 8.
  • the rotary drill bit 4 can be directly connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the outer housing 5, 6 of the drilling tool 1 and can receive its rotary drive from the drill pipe string 3.
  • a deep-hole motor of any known or suitable design, e.g.
  • a Moineau motor operated by the drilling fluid or a turbine operated by the drilling fluid is provided, to the output shaft 9 of which the rotary drill bit 4 is connected.
  • the outer housing 5, 6 of the drilling tool can be aligned with its longitudinal center axis coaxial to the axis of rotation of the parts 4,9, as shown in the drawing, but there is also the possibility of designing the drilling tool as a directional drilling tool, in particular as a navigation drilling tool, in the case of inclined mounting the output shaft 9 in the outer housing part 5 and / or by kinking in the area of the outer housing parts 5, 6 of the axis of rotation for the parts 4, 9, a course slightly angled to the borehole axis is specified.
  • the merely illustrated lower end of the drill pipe string 3 in the example shown comprises a heavy drill pipe 10, of which several can be arranged one above the other, drill rods 11, 12, a stabilizer 13 and, in the example shown in FIG. 1, two identical or structurally different from one another various telescopic devices 14, 15.
  • outer tube part 16 an inner tube part 17 guided axially displaceably in parallel and connecting means formed by connection threads 18, 19 for installation in the lower region of the drill pipe string 3.
  • a single telescopic device can be arranged between the drilling tool 1 and the drill pipe string 3 or between the upper and the lower part 6 or 5 of the outer housing of the drilling tool 1.
  • a telescopic device 14 between the outer tube part 16 formed from screwed tube sections 20, 21, 22 and the inner tube part 17 there are means for rotational coupling of both tube parts 16, 17 provided, which are formed in the example shown by an axial tongue and groove connection.
  • the springs 23, of which several can be arranged regularly distributed over the circumference, are fixed in the example according to FIG. 2 in the outer tube part 16, while the grooves 24 are provided on the inner tube part 17.
  • the outer tube part 16 forms the strand-side component and the inner tube part 17 the bit-side component.
  • the chisel-side pipe part 17, which is illustrated in its insertion end position in the string-side pipe part 16 in FIG. 2, has, in the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a pressure surface 25 which, in order to derive a resultant pressure from the bit, is conveyed downwards through the drill pipe string 3 and the drilling tool 1 Drilling fluid can be acted upon axially.
  • this pressure surface 25 is formed by the piston surface of an annular piston part 26 facing the inflowing drilling fluid, which is sealed on the circumference against a cylinder wall region 27 of the pipe part 16 on the strand side by means of seals 28.
  • the outer diameter of the annular piston part 26 accordingly defines the effective hydraulic surface.
  • the annular piston part 26 is preferably a separate, replaceable one component connected to the chisel-side tube part 17, which forms a means for changing the hydraulic parameters relevant for the hydraulic power dissipation to the chisel-side tube part 17 and for this purpose can be exchanged for one with a different outside diameter, namely together with the cylinder wall region 27 of the strand-side Pipe section 16 defining pipe section 21, which is also easily replaceable due to its screwing with the pipe sections 20,22.
  • the bit pressure force can be changed by changing the volume flow in the drilling fluid, which can be carried out easily and simply using the feed pump for drilling fluid and depending on the hook load of the drill pipe string.
  • the chisel-side tube part 17 can also comprise a plurality of pressure surfaces 29, 30 arranged axially at a distance from one another, each of which derives an axial force from the inflowing drilling fluid, which is additively involved in the formation of the resulting bit pressure.
  • FIG. 3 Such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 3, in which the same parts are designated with the same reference numerals as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • the pressure surfaces 29, 30 are formed on piston parts 31, 32 which are axially spaced one behind the other and which in turn are sealed via seals 28 to cylinder wall regions 27 in the pipe part 16 on the strand side.
  • the two cylinder wall regions 27 are separated from one another by an inwardly projecting annular shoulder 33 which, via seals 34, is in sealing engagement with a cylinder wall region 35 on the outside of the pipe part 17 on the bit side.
  • annular space 36 or 37 extends between the annular shoulder 33 and the piston parts 31, 33 and between the cylinder wall regions 27, 35, of which it is an annular space 36 and a relief bore 38 communicates with the annular space of the borehole.
  • the annulus 37 is connected via a connecting bore 39 to the central drilling fluid channel, which is delimited by the parts 16, 17 in the region of the telescopic device 14, 15.
  • the same pressure namely the drilling fluid pressure, acts on the pressure surface 30 as on the pressure surface 29, so that the axially downward forces derived from the pressures in the drilling fluid add up.
  • annular space 40 On the side of the piston part 32 facing away from the annular space 37 there is an annular space 40 which, like the annular space 40 in FIG. 2, is connected to the annular space of the borehole at the lower end of the outer tubular part 16.
  • the inner tube part 17 consists of two sections 41, 42 screwed together for assembly reasons, the screw connection being made via the piston part 32 as a separate intermediate piece.
  • the springs 23 are assigned to the section 42 of the pipe part 17 on the bit side, whereas the section 22 of the pipe part 16 on the strand side is provided with the grooves of the rotary coupling.
  • the upper section of the pipe part 16 on the strand side is illustrated in FIG. 3 without further subdivision, but it goes without saying that the subdivision shown in FIG. 2 can also be provided analogously in the case of a double-piston version according to FIG. 3.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the means for changing the hydraulic parameters can be activated by changing the extension length of the telescopic device 14 or 15.
  • This enables a particularly simple and fast-acting adaptation of the chisel pressure force to changing drilling parameters only as a function of the extension length of the telescopic device 14 or 15, which is easily controllable above ground and, like the change in the pressure in the drilling fluid, a stepless change in the chisel pressure force by changing which enables parameters for hydraulic pressure discharge without interrupting operation.
  • the change the Mberichteland pressure force with unchanged pressure in the drilling fluid has the advantage that the pressure of the drilling fluid can only be selected according to technical aspects of drilling fluid such as chisel cooling and cleaning as well as cuttings transport.
  • a first possibility for changing the hydraulic parameters depending on the extension length of the telescopic device 14, 15 is indicated in FIG. 2 and is formed by bypass channels 43 in the form of radial bores in the wall of the pipe part 16 on the strand side, the inlet openings of which are covered by the annular piston part 26, if the chisel-side tube part 17 is in the inserted end position.
  • These bypass channels 43 can be released progressively when the chisel-side tubular part 17 of the telescopic device 14, 15 is extended in order to reduce the pressure acting on the annular piston part 26 on its surfaces 25 in the drilling fluid.
  • bypass slot can also be provided, which can have a constant width or an increasing width in the direction of the rotary drill bit 4.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 Another possibility for changing the hydraulic parameters as a function of the extension is realized by a particularly advantageous embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the tubular pipe part 16 is assigned a nozzle tube body 50, which engages in the tubular pipe part 16 in the tubular pipe part 16 when the chisel-side pipe part 17 is in the inserted position.
  • the nozzle tube body 50 delimits an axial annular gap 52 for the passage of drilling fluid, either directly with the piston part 26 of the bit-side tube part 17 or with an associated nozzle ring part 51, the flow cross section of which increases continuously with increasing extension length of the telescopic device 14, 15 or as in the example shown in Steps enlarged.
  • the nozzle tube body 50 is supported by a bushing 55 provided with radial bores 53 and fixed by means of a retaining ring 54 in the pipe part 16 on the strand side and delimits on the inside with an annular space 56 above the bushing 55 and a corresponding annular space 57 below this bushing 55, through which drilling fluid passes that flows out of the annular gap 57 via the annular gap 52.
  • the nozzle ring part 51 is provided on the inside with a wear ring 58 which forms the outer boundary of the annular gap 52, and comprises a downwardly extending skirt 59 which is in sealing engagement with the inside of the piston part 26.
  • the nozzle ring part 51 is in sealing engagement with the cylinder wall region 27 of the chisel-side tube part 17 in the region of its upper main part, and as a result of this design, the nozzle ring part 51, the piston part 26 and the cylinder wall region 27 together define an annular chamber 60 which is filled with an incompressible lubricant for slideway lubrication is.
  • the incompressible lubricant acts like a rigid axial force transmission element, with the result that the nozzle ring part 51 follows axial movements of the piston part 26 simultaneously and uniformly due to corresponding axial movements of the bit-side tube part 17.
  • the sole purpose of the nozzle ring part 51 is to form an annular chamber 60 for lubricant, the volume of which adapts to the progressive consumption of lubricant.
  • the nozzle ring part 51 can be omitted if lubrication is not required.
  • an annular chamber 60 for lubricant delimited by the nozzle ring part 51 above the piston part 56 such an annular chamber can also be provided below the piston part 26 and can be delimited by means of an end ring acted upon by the drilling fluid on its underside. In such a case, the inside of the piston part 26 or a wear ring provided on it forms the immediate outer boundary of the annular gap 52.
  • the nozzle tube body 50 has a central part 61, the outside of which delimits the annular gap 52 on its inside when the parts are in or near the insertion end position as in FIG. 4.
  • the central part 61 merges via a bevel 63 into an extension 62 with a reduced outer diameter, which in a central pull-out area of the parts 16, 17 relative to one another, as shown in FIG. 5, takes over the inner limitation for the annular gap 52.
  • the cross-section of the annular gap in this extension area is larger than that which the annular gap 52 has in the position of the parts according to FIG. with inside limitation by the middle part 61 of the nozzle tube body 50.
  • the lower end of the nozzle tube body 50 moves from an overlapping position with the nozzle ring part 51 to a position above the same, with the result that a free passage 64 is created , which allows an unthrottled outflow of drilling fluid from the annular space 57.
  • a throttle point 65 which defines a narrowed discharge cross-section for drilling fluid from the axial inner channel 66 of the nozzle tube body.
  • a continuous change can be implemented, for example, by prescribing a conical taper downwards on the outer boundary surface of the annular gap 52, while the inner boundary of the annular gap 52 is formed by a uniform cylindrical outer surface of the nozzle tube body 50.
  • the nozzle tube body 50 is supported by the bushing 55 as a component that can be pulled up and removed, so that there is a further possibility for changing the hydraulic parameters for a hydraulic force dissipation by exchanging it for a nozzle tube part with a changed shape.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 Another embodiment of the means for changing the hydraulic parameters relevant for the hydraulic power dissipation to the bit-side tube part 17 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in which components corresponding to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the piston part for the hydraulic derivation of axial forces on the bit-side tube part 17 forms a differential piston in the form of an annular piston part, which is arranged in a sealed manner between coaxial cylinder wall regions 27, 35 of the bit-side and the strand-side tube part 16, 17 and to these limited both is relatively displaceable.
  • the cylinder wall area 35 of the chisel-side tube part 16 is provided at its chisel-side end with a driving shoulder 71 for the ring piston part 70, and the cylinder wall area 27 of the strand-side tube part 16 has a stop shoulder 72 for the ring piston part 70, which in a partial extension area of the tube part adjacent to the insertion position 17 is located opposite the pipe part 16 (FIG. 7) to the side of the rotary drill bit 4 at a distance in front of the driving shoulder 71 on the pipe part 17 on the bit side.
  • the ring piston part 70 is under the influence of the pressure of the drilling fluid on its pressure surface 25, and as long as the differential piston rests on the driving shoulder 71 of the bit-side pipe part 17, the ring piston part 70 acts as a piston part firmly connected to the bit-side pipe part 17, the outer diameter of which is the effective hydraulic surface defined for the hydraulic power dissipation on the bit-side pipe part 17.
  • the driving shoulder 71 passes the stop shoulder 72, then the annular piston part 70 settles on the stop shoulder 72 with the result that for the second partial extension area the outer diameter of the cylinder wall area 35 of the chisel-side tube part 17 is the one that is effective for this hydraulic surface defined.
  • the cylinder wall area 35 of the chisel-side tube part 17 is provided with a stop 73 which delimits the second partial extension area for the chisel-side tube part 17.
  • 9 to 11 illustrate a modified embodiment to that of FIGS. 7 and 8, in which a differential double piston construction is realized.
  • parts corresponding to the parts in FIGS. 7 and 8 are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the annular piston part 70 is assigned a sleeve-shaped additional piston part 75 which is displaceable on the cylinder wall region 35 of the chisel-side tube part 17.
  • the additional piston part 75 forms with its outside a cylinder wall area 76 for the ring piston part 70, which is provided on its chisel-side end with a driving shoulder 77 for the ring piston part 70.
  • the additional piston part 75 is sealed near its chisel-side end to the cylinder wall area 35 of the chisel-side tube part 17 and, in its upstream upper area 78, engages around the cylinder wall area 35 of the tube part 17 at a distance, so that between the upper additional piston area 78 and the cylinder wall area 35 one after Annular space 79 open at the top is formed.
  • the annular space 79 like an annular space 80 between the upper region 78 of the additional piston part 75 and the cylinder wall region 27 of the pipe part 16 on the branch side, is open at the top and is accordingly accessible for drilling fluid.
  • the additional piston part 75 engages with the end face 81 on a lower shoulder 82 with a further stop shoulder 83 on the strand-side tube part 16. and with another move-out or Downward movement of the chisel-side pipe part 17, the additional piston part 75 is lifted off the driving shoulder 71 on the pipe part 17, with the result that the effective hydraulic area for the discharge of axial compressive forces on the chisel-side pipe part 17 is reduced to a value which is determined by the outer diameter of the cylinder wall area 35 chisel-side tube part 17 is defined.
  • the hydraulic axial force which is derived hydraulically on the bit-side pipe part 17 and thus as a bit pressure on the rotary drill bit 4 decreases in steps from a maximum value in the position of the parts according to FIG. 9 with increasing extension length of the telescopic device 14, 15 to a medium value in the position of the parts according to FIG. 10 finally to a minimum value, as is realized when the parts are in a position relative to one another according to FIG. 11. Stops on the cylinder wall regions 35 and 76, which are not illustrated in any more detail, can limit the maximum extension length of a telescopic device 14, 15.
  • the outer diameter of the strand-side Pipe part 16 and the diameter defining the (largest) effective hydraulic area for the derivation of axial forces on the bit-side tube part 17 are coordinated so that the square of the outer diameter of the tube part 16 divided by the square of the diameter of the effective hydraulic area gives a ratio that is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5.
  • a single telescopic device 14 or 15 provided with means for generating axial pressure within a drilling device is sufficient, but, as shown in FIG. 1, two or more such devices 14, 15 can also be arranged directly or at a distance from one another be inserted into the drilling device.
  • the devices 14, 15 can have the same or a different design and the same or a different design, so that there are very different requirements for changeability of the hydraulic parameters, which are decisive for a hydraulic derivation of a chisel pressure force on the rotary drill bit 4.
  • telescopic devices 14, 15 which are arranged one behind the other, they can have a design by which they only come into operation one after the other by responding to different parameters.
EP91110976A 1990-07-30 1991-07-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Andruckkraft auf einen Erdbohrmeissel Expired - Lifetime EP0469317B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4024107A DE4024107C1 (xx) 1990-07-30 1990-07-30
DE4024107 1990-07-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0469317A2 EP0469317A2 (de) 1992-02-05
EP0469317A3 EP0469317A3 (en) 1993-04-14
EP0469317B1 true EP0469317B1 (de) 1997-12-29

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ID=6411269

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91110976A Expired - Lifetime EP0469317B1 (de) 1990-07-30 1991-07-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Andruckkraft auf einen Erdbohrmeissel

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Country Link
US (1) US5205364A (xx)
EP (1) EP0469317B1 (xx)
CA (1) CA2047555C (xx)
DE (2) DE4024107C1 (xx)
NO (1) NO302773B1 (xx)

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US5884716A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-03-23 Dailey Petroleum Constant bottom contact thruster
US6102138A (en) * 1997-08-20 2000-08-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pressure-modulation valve assembly
US8662202B2 (en) * 2008-05-08 2014-03-04 Smith International, Inc. Electro-mechanical thruster
US8357884B1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2013-01-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration System of extraction of volatiles from soil using microwave processes
DE102011011261A1 (de) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 Eisenmann Ag Vorrichtung zum Temperieren von Fahrzeugkarosserien
US9988859B2 (en) * 2014-07-07 2018-06-05 Klx Energy Services Llc Impact dampening apparatus
US9581021B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2017-02-28 Edwin Ethridge System for extraction of volatiles from planetary bodies using microwave and RF processes

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4024107C1 (xx) 1992-04-16
NO912712D0 (no) 1991-07-10
NO912712L (no) 1992-01-31
DE59108909D1 (de) 1998-02-05
CA2047555A1 (en) 1992-01-31
CA2047555C (en) 2002-03-26
EP0469317A2 (de) 1992-02-05
NO302773B1 (no) 1998-04-20
US5205364A (en) 1993-04-27
EP0469317A3 (en) 1993-04-14

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