EP0465406A2 - Procédé de fusion en continu des produits solides ou pâteux - Google Patents

Procédé de fusion en continu des produits solides ou pâteux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465406A2
EP0465406A2 EP91810417A EP91810417A EP0465406A2 EP 0465406 A2 EP0465406 A2 EP 0465406A2 EP 91810417 A EP91810417 A EP 91810417A EP 91810417 A EP91810417 A EP 91810417A EP 0465406 A2 EP0465406 A2 EP 0465406A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
melting
preheating
residues
crucible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91810417A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0465406A3 (en
EP0465406B1 (fr
Inventor
Niklaus Seiler
Martin Schaub
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Management AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer Chemtech AG
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer Chemtech AG, Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer Chemtech AG
Publication of EP0465406A2 publication Critical patent/EP0465406A2/fr
Publication of EP0465406A3 publication Critical patent/EP0465406A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0465406B1 publication Critical patent/EP0465406B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the continuous melting of heterogeneous solid or viscous residues and an apparatus for carrying out the process.
  • Residues are to be understood in the following: residues and residues from industry, trade and household in particular also residues with pollutants that are difficult to inert, e.g. filter ash and slag from energy generation and incineration plants, paint sludge from paint shops, filter press and electroplating sludge and residues from flue gas cleaning.
  • the pollutants contained in the residues have to be converted, rendered inert or recycled, especially heavy metals such as mercury, lead, zinc and cadmium and toxic, organic components such as dioxins and furans.
  • Heavy metals such as zinc and lead can also be recycled.
  • the harmful components of the residues must be rendered inert to the extent that they can be landfilled.
  • the solubility of inerted harmful components must be negligibly low, so that there is no impairment of the Groundwater can occur. Annoyance from smell and dust from a landfill should also be avoided.
  • a known process for the inertization of such residues is the inclusion process in which e.g. Filter dust containing heavy metals from coal-fired power plants or other incineration plants is mixed with cement and structural minerals and incorporated into a concrete-like mass.
  • this process requires large amounts of additives, it requires correspondingly large landfill volumes, and the long-term stability with regard to washing out integrated, harmful components is at least still unclear.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the known methods and to provide a method and a device for inerting residues create, which allows an extensive and controllable integration of pollutants, especially heavy metals and which can also form a SO2 sink.
  • the chemical conversions and physical evaporation of residual material components corresponding to this temperature take place in a controlled manner in the preheating and fractionation stage. Undesired reactions and evaporation of components that occur above the preheating temperature T1 are thus avoided.
  • the remaining residues in the melting stage are then heated relatively quickly to at least their flow temperature, fused and solidified by cooling. This relatively rapid melting process largely prevents undesired further decomposition of the residues (e.g. CaSO4).
  • a substantial proportion of the sulfur contained in the flue gas gypsum is thus rendered inert or incorporated in slag, i.e. it creates a SO2 sink.
  • the inerting method according to the invention is thus also much more comprehensive and effective than the previously known. A qualitatively and quantitatively larger spectrum of residues can be melted down and converted into an inert, landfill-capable solid final state.
  • the preheating temperature T1 can preferably be between 400 ° C and 1000 ° C, and it can be at least 200 ° C below the melting temperature T2.
  • the preheating temperature T1 can also be selected according to the composition of the residues Exhaust gas fraction and adjusted to the softening temperature of the residues.
  • the residence time in the fractionation stage can be chosen to be longer than the residence time in the melting stage, often several times longer.
  • the residence time in the melting stage can advantageously be less than 15 minutes, often even less than 5 minutes.
  • the temperatures and dwell times of the preheating stage and melting stage or their heating outputs and feed rates can be set and controlled as operating parameters so that the desired proportions are fractionated in the preheating stage and the remaining residues are melted down completely will.
  • the hot exhaust gases can be abruptly cooled by blowing in cold gas or solid, so that heavy metal salts can be desublimated and converted into a usable powder form, without having to stay in the critical temperature range of 300 ° C to 400 ° C for a long time Cooling toxic organic substances such as dioxins and furans are formed.
  • Exhaust gases of a relatively low preheating temperature T1 and short dwell time t1 can be subjected to a subsequent high-temperature treatment, for example afterburning, in which any undestroyed toxic organic compounds are completely decomposed.
  • the device according to the invention can have a plurality of preheating stages, each with a material inlet, a heater and an exhaust pipe, with individually adjustable and controllable operating parameters of the preheating stages, so that different material inlets can each be optimally treated.
  • the volume of the melt in the crucible or melting vessel must be at least five times smaller than the volume of the preheating stage in order to achieve a relatively short residence time in the melting stage.
  • the crucible can also have an adjustable or adjustable discharge siphon.
  • Crucibles made of ceramic materials or electrically conductive crucibles made of refractory metals such as molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten or of other electrically conductive materials such as graphite and silicon carbide are suitable for the relatively high temperatures T2 of the melting stage.
  • a ceramic crucible wall can also be surrounded with electrically conductive material.
  • Electric crucible heaters can thus be implemented as inductive or resistance heaters. This results in a quickly and easily controllable heating in the immediate vicinity of the melting material.
  • electrically conductive internals in the crucible enable very good heat transfer.
  • the conductivity can also be achieved by conductive residues or additives.
  • the crucible can also have indirect gas or oil heating.
  • Gas or oil heating, resistance heating or induction heating are also possible for the preheating stage.
  • the heating of the melting stage can also be used to heat the preheating stage 4.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable as an integrated part of disposal systems in general and in particular in combination with a flue gas cleaning device.
  • the melting device according to the invention can have one or more preheating stages. 1 shows three separate preheating and fractionation stages 4, 41, 42, into which various residues 3, 31, 32 are fed (2, 21, 22).
  • the residues are moved through the preheating stages by means of conveying devices 7, 71, 72 in a throughput time t1, t11, t12 and are thereby heated to the preheating temperatures T1, T11, T12 by means of the associated heaters 6, 61, 62.
  • Fractionated exhaust gases are produced in each stage , which are discharged via lines 8, 81, 82 and supplied to any further treatment stages (9).
  • the preheating temperatures T1, T11, T12 can be adjusted separately to the corresponding residue composition and the desired fractionation effect.
  • All residues of the parallel preheating stages 4, 41, 42 are then passed together into a melting stage 10, where they are heated to a melting temperature T2 which corresponds at least to the flow temperature of the remaining solid phase.
  • T2 melting temperature
  • the residues can be melted down completely or to a small extent enclosed by the melt, without undesired decomposition and evaporation occurring, as was unavoidable in previous large and very slow glass furnaces is.
  • the melted phase can be solidified very quickly in a cooling or quenching device 15 or can be converted into a desired shape using controlled temperature gradients.
  • the exhaust gases of this stage 10 are also carried away via an exhaust line 13 and supplied to any further treatment stages.
  • Fig. 2 shows a melting device with a screw conveyor 7, which is driven by a motor 29. By controlling this motor, the throughput time or the dwell time t1 in the preheating stage 4 can be set.
  • a gas oven 26 serves here as heating for both stages 4 and 10.
  • a heating outlet 27 serves as heating 12 of the melting stage 10 and the heating outlet 28 serves as heating 6 of the preheating stage 4.
  • the pipe 13 serves as the exhaust pipe of this stage 10.
  • the preheating stage 4 has two further exhaust pipes 81 and 82, which can accommodate different exhaust gas fractions, for example, with slow heating. Under the exit 14, the melt 17 falls into a water bath as a quenching device 15.
  • the inertized, landfill-capable residues 20 can be supplied for further use via a conveying bath 25.
  • FIG. 3 shows a melting stage with induction heating 35, power supply lines 36 and water cooling 37, which heats up an electrically conductive crucible 11 directly. This results in a very concentrated heating, which enables a quickly controllable temperature setting T2.
  • An adjustable outlet siphon 16 determines the desired height H of the melt 17 in the crucible 11.
  • the siphon drain pipe 40 is actuated via an adjusting rod 38 in an adjustment range 39.
  • the desired melting height H can also be set by replaceable inserts of the siphon drain pipe 40. If there is a slight layer of slag on the melt, an additional drain can be installed in the crucible.
  • the melting stage 10 is heated directly, the preheating stage 4 indirectly by means of a bypass 45 and adjustable, for example, by a flap 46.
  • the exhaust pipe 8 of the preheating stage is a subsequent high-temperature treatment stage 92 supplied, which is also heated by the gas furnace 26.
  • Toxic organic compounds that are contained in the residue or that arise at low preheating temperatures of 300 ° C to 500 ° C can be completely decomposed in this high temperature stage 92.
  • the high temperature stage can also consist of afterburning, the thermal energy of which can also be used to heat the preheating stage.
  • the inclined arrangement of preheating stage 4 simplifies the conveyance of residues and preheating.
  • the funding can also be provided by a rotary kiln.
  • FIG. 5 shows a disposal system with an integrated melting device 4, 10 according to the invention.
  • a combustion system 47 the flue gases 49 are treated in a dust separation stage 48 and the resulting filter ash 32 together with the furnace ash 33 and the filter cake 34 from a waste water purification system of the preheating and fractionation stage 4 fed.
  • the residue treatment is carried out as described via the melting stages 10 to the resulting inert solid 20. If necessary, a floating slag layer can be removed 66 separately.
  • the exhaust gases 8 and 13 are fed to a quench stage 91 as a further treatment stage 9 and cooled and blown in very quickly by blown-in air 59 solidified.
  • the resulting concentrated heavy metal salts 50 can be used further.
  • An exhaust gas outlet of the quench stage leads into an activated carbon filter 65, in which the toxic mercury and other highly volatile, toxic substances 51 are eliminated.
  • Exhaust gas 58 is then returned to the incinerator.
  • the exhaust gases 55 from the dust separator 48 are fed to a wet flue gas cleaning unit 56.
  • Their outputs are clean gas 54 and waste water, which is separated in a waste water purification system 57 into clean salts 52 (e.g. road salt), clean waste water 60 and a contaminated filter cake residue 34.
  • the filter residue 34 in turn is returned to the preheating stage 4.
  • the method according to the invention is further illustrated on the basis of the temperature profile T (t) over time in FIGS. 6 to 8 and the following examples.
  • Example 2 Average preheating temperatures T1 of e.g. 600 ° C. can be used to pyrolyze organic components, for example paint sludge with paint residues (curve 72 in FIG. 7).
  • the correct preheating temperature T1 is important here because, on the one hand, pyrolysis does not take place completely if the temperature is too low, so that violent reactions with abrupt gas formation can then occur at the high melting temperature in the crucible, which residues can be undesirably entrained in the exhaust gas. On the other hand, if the preheating temperatures T1 are too high, rapid reactions can take place and entrain dust into the exhaust gas.
  • Example 4 Flue gas gypsum originating from flue gas cleaning contains substantial amounts of heavy metal impurities which have to be rendered inert. However, these heavy metals cannot be evaporated at the necessary high temperatures as is the case in conventional glazing systems, because at these high temperatures above 1000 ° C the calcium sulfate decomposes again and the previously bound SO2 is released again. In the process according to the invention, however, the heavy metal portion in the preheating stage can be at a temperature T1 of e.g. 700 ° C are already largely evaporated without undesired production of SO2 by decomposition of calcium sulfate, and organic substances can also be pyrolyzed in the process.
  • T1 e.g. 700 ° C
  • the undecomposed calcium sulfate can be melted down quickly together with a suitable residual and / or aggregate thanks to the very short throughput time t2.
  • the sensitive substance then remains inertized in the solidified melt (curve 74 of FIG. 6) or is removed separately as slag.
  • T15 600 ° C (e.g. for pyrolysis)
  • T16 1000 ° C (e.g. evaporating heavy metals).
  • any desired optimal temperature profile can in principle be set by appropriate subdivision and metering of the heater 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP91810417A 1990-07-06 1991-06-04 Procédé de fusion en continu des produits solides ou pâteux Expired - Lifetime EP0465406B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2267/90A CH680198A5 (fr) 1990-07-06 1990-07-06
CH2267/90 1990-07-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0465406A2 true EP0465406A2 (fr) 1992-01-08
EP0465406A3 EP0465406A3 (en) 1992-09-02
EP0465406B1 EP0465406B1 (fr) 1999-03-17

Family

ID=4229770

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91810417A Expired - Lifetime EP0465406B1 (fr) 1990-07-06 1991-06-04 Procédé de fusion en continu des produits solides ou pâteux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0465406B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04256485A (fr)
AT (1) ATE177833T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH680198A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59109108D1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0551057A1 (fr) * 1992-01-07 1993-07-14 Sulzer Chemtech AG Procédé et dispositif pour la fusion en continu de déchets
DE4439939A1 (de) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verfahren zur thermischen Entsorgung von Reststoffen
WO2009081434A2 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Enzo Ranchetti Procédé et appareil pour l'élimination de déchets contentant des métaux ainsi que des fractions inertes et organiques
WO2010148527A1 (fr) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Niklaus Seiler Procédé destiné au traitement thermique des résidus de combustion, en particulier de cendres de filtre, provenant d’installations de combustion d’ordures ménagères et destiné à la récupération des métaux

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004313936A (ja) * 2003-04-16 2004-11-11 Ngk Insulators Ltd 高温高圧処理装置用予熱装置

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1138514B (de) * 1956-06-13 1962-10-25 Siemens Ag Tiegel zum Schmelzen hochreiner Halbleiterstoffe
US3162710A (en) * 1962-07-24 1964-12-22 Anderson Donald Jay Induction furnace with removable crucible
US4612041A (en) * 1984-09-11 1986-09-16 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Process for recovering valuable metals from an iron dust containing a higher content of zinc
JPS6249988A (ja) * 1985-08-27 1987-03-04 Daido Steel Co Ltd 廃棄物の溶融処理方法
EP0230255A2 (fr) * 1986-01-16 1987-07-29 Otto Junker GmbH Bobine d'induction pour fours à induction à creuset
DE3707257A1 (de) * 1986-03-07 1987-09-10 Oesterr Forsch Seibersdorf Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einbetten und gegebenenfalls ausreagieren von insbesondere toxischen und/oder radioaktiven stoffen bzw. abfaellen
EP0280364A1 (fr) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-31 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft Installation pour la destruction de composés aromatiques halogénés comme le dibenzodioxine chloré, le dibenzofurane chloré, contenus dans des cendres volantes d'installations d'incinération de déchets
EP0313902A1 (fr) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-03 BBC Brown Boveri AG Méthode pour séparer des combinaisons toxiques et volatiles des particules solides d'une taille plus petite que 200 microns
DE3827086A1 (de) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-15 Atzger Juergen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen entkontaminierung von filterstaeuben und anderen reststoffen
EP0359003A2 (fr) * 1988-09-10 1990-03-21 BETEILIGUNGEN SORG GMBH & CO. KG Procédé pour vitrifier des déchets solides substantiellement anhydres et appareillage pour le réaliser
EP0359931A1 (fr) * 1988-09-05 1990-03-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Procédé et dispositif de séparation de composants de métaux lourds à l'état vapeur à partir d'un gaz support
WO1990003856A1 (fr) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-19 Leo Schwyter Ag Procede et dispositif de traitement de scories et autres residus de combustion provenant d'installations d'incineration de dechets
GB2224106A (en) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-25 Doryokuro Kakunenryo A melting furnace for treating wastes and a heating method for the same

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5691118A (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-23 Daido Steel Co Ltd Treating method of city refuse
JPS62237984A (ja) * 1986-04-08 1987-10-17 Meisei Kogyo Kk 石綿含有物の廃棄処理方法
JPH0648316B2 (ja) * 1987-06-18 1994-06-22 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 放射性廃液の処理方法

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1138514B (de) * 1956-06-13 1962-10-25 Siemens Ag Tiegel zum Schmelzen hochreiner Halbleiterstoffe
US3162710A (en) * 1962-07-24 1964-12-22 Anderson Donald Jay Induction furnace with removable crucible
US4612041A (en) * 1984-09-11 1986-09-16 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Process for recovering valuable metals from an iron dust containing a higher content of zinc
JPS6249988A (ja) * 1985-08-27 1987-03-04 Daido Steel Co Ltd 廃棄物の溶融処理方法
EP0230255A2 (fr) * 1986-01-16 1987-07-29 Otto Junker GmbH Bobine d'induction pour fours à induction à creuset
DE3707257A1 (de) * 1986-03-07 1987-09-10 Oesterr Forsch Seibersdorf Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einbetten und gegebenenfalls ausreagieren von insbesondere toxischen und/oder radioaktiven stoffen bzw. abfaellen
EP0280364A1 (fr) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-31 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft Installation pour la destruction de composés aromatiques halogénés comme le dibenzodioxine chloré, le dibenzofurane chloré, contenus dans des cendres volantes d'installations d'incinération de déchets
EP0313902A1 (fr) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-03 BBC Brown Boveri AG Méthode pour séparer des combinaisons toxiques et volatiles des particules solides d'une taille plus petite que 200 microns
DE3827086A1 (de) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-15 Atzger Juergen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen entkontaminierung von filterstaeuben und anderen reststoffen
EP0359931A1 (fr) * 1988-09-05 1990-03-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Procédé et dispositif de séparation de composants de métaux lourds à l'état vapeur à partir d'un gaz support
EP0359003A2 (fr) * 1988-09-10 1990-03-21 BETEILIGUNGEN SORG GMBH & CO. KG Procédé pour vitrifier des déchets solides substantiellement anhydres et appareillage pour le réaliser
WO1990003856A1 (fr) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-19 Leo Schwyter Ag Procede et dispositif de traitement de scories et autres residus de combustion provenant d'installations d'incineration de dechets
GB2224106A (en) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-25 Doryokuro Kakunenryo A melting furnace for treating wastes and a heating method for the same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 242 (C-438)(2689) 7. August 1987 & JP-A-62 049 988 ( DAIDO ) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0551057A1 (fr) * 1992-01-07 1993-07-14 Sulzer Chemtech AG Procédé et dispositif pour la fusion en continu de déchets
DE4439939A1 (de) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verfahren zur thermischen Entsorgung von Reststoffen
WO2009081434A2 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Enzo Ranchetti Procédé et appareil pour l'élimination de déchets contentant des métaux ainsi que des fractions inertes et organiques
WO2009081434A3 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2010-03-18 Enzo Ranchetti Procédé et appareil pour l'élimination de déchets contentant des métaux ainsi que des fractions inertes et organiques
WO2010148527A1 (fr) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Niklaus Seiler Procédé destiné au traitement thermique des résidus de combustion, en particulier de cendres de filtre, provenant d’installations de combustion d’ordures ménagères et destiné à la récupération des métaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0465406A3 (en) 1992-09-02
ATE177833T1 (de) 1999-04-15
DE59109108D1 (de) 1999-04-22
CH680198A5 (fr) 1992-07-15
JPH04256485A (ja) 1992-09-11
EP0465406B1 (fr) 1999-03-17

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