EP0463294B1 - Elektronisches Siegel - Google Patents

Elektronisches Siegel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463294B1
EP0463294B1 EP91104204A EP91104204A EP0463294B1 EP 0463294 B1 EP0463294 B1 EP 0463294B1 EP 91104204 A EP91104204 A EP 91104204A EP 91104204 A EP91104204 A EP 91104204A EP 0463294 B1 EP0463294 B1 EP 0463294B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
memory
electronic seal
seal according
seal
data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91104204A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0463294A1 (de
Inventor
Anatoli Stobbe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0463294A1 publication Critical patent/EP0463294A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0463294B1 publication Critical patent/EP0463294B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F3/03—Forms or constructions of security seals
    • G09F3/0305—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used
    • G09F3/0329—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used having electronic sealing means
    • G09F3/0335—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used having electronic sealing means using RFID tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0841—Registering performance data
    • G07C5/085—Registering performance data using electronic data carriers
    • G07C5/0858—Registering performance data using electronic data carriers wherein the data carrier is removable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic seal according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such seals attached to locks in cargo holds, cargo boxes, holds or containers, enable a check to be made as to whether or not a lock which has been secured in this way has been opened during the transport route.
  • Seals which have hitherto been customary and which consist of a sealing wire and a seal connecting the ends of the sealing wire have the disadvantage that tampering with falsified products is easily possible which simulates an intact seal even though the lock has been opened. Another disadvantage is that if the seal is justified, a new seal is required and that these seals can only be used once.
  • this seal also only provides information as to whether the secured lock may have been opened or not. However, the time and frequency of breaking the seal cannot be determined. Such an indication could, however, help clarify the question of whether it was an intentional, abusive breach of the seal or accidental damage.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving an electronic seal in such a way that information about the times of the seal openings and closings is obtainable and all seal data are better protected against misuse.
  • Such data can e.g. B. be: start time, i.e. time of sealing, information about the relevant time zone, place of delivery, destination, country, owner, transporter of the sealed goods, means of transport, etc.
  • start time i.e. time of sealing
  • the sealing tape is surprisingly included in the security loop monitoring the sealing condition. So if that If the sealing tape is broken open and severed, this is recorded by the electronic seal stating the time.
  • the current counter reading of the counter clocked by the clock generator is written into the memory each time the safety loop is interrupted.
  • the memory content thus allows the allocation of a relative time to the respective seal breaks.
  • the indication of a relative time offers the advantage over an absolute tent indication that errors due to different time zones in which the seal was closed or checked or broken open are excluded.
  • the sealing tape is advantageously designed as an electrical conductor or as a light guide, the corresponding signal path comprising a signal generator at the input and a signal receiver at the output.
  • the signals passed over the sealing tape can be encoded and / or modulated.
  • the design of the sealing tape as a light guide creates increased security against manipulation by a possible bridging of the sealing tape. Furthermore are Interruptions due to corrosion excluded.
  • the training as an electrical conductor simply includes the entire sealing wire in the safety loop. Possible faults due to corrosion damage can, however, be selected through a suitable choice of materials, e.g. B. by using stainless steel.
  • the arrangement of a signal transmitter at the input of the signal wire and the signal receiver at its output also enable the aforementioned coding or modulation of the signal sent via the sealing tape.
  • the counter reading of the counter clocked by the clock generator is constantly changed, which means that when the current counter reading is accepted, a relative time is saved in the memory. Since the stored data is not overwritten, but rather linked together, all information is retained. The number of seal breaks can thus be deduced from the number of memory entries.
  • the data transmission device allows much more information to be evaluated than can be displayed simultaneously on the limited area of an integrated display device.
  • Possibility to prevent the direct display of relevant data on an integrated display device and to allow the evaluation only to those who have appropriate external supplementary devices of the data transmission device.
  • the memory is designed as a writable, non-volatile memory. Below this, an area is preferably rewritable and another area can be written once.
  • the memory contains storage spaces for unchangeable characteristic data in the uniquely writable area.
  • the rewritable area there are unchangeable characteristics and in rewritable area in addition to storage spaces for the current counter reading of the counter clocked by the clock and storage spaces for logistic data, such as start time, time zone, task location, destination, country, owner, transporter and means of transport.
  • the rewritable storage spaces offer storage capacity for a large amount of information, which practically enables seamless tracking of the transport route with opening and closing processes. Due to the redundancy with the information in the transport documents, errors can be eliminated and manipulations can be identified.
  • the opening sensor comprises a comparator, the signals from one input of the counter coming directly and the other input of signals coming from the counter via a through closed sealing wire leading signal path are fed.
  • the output of the comparator is connected to the control logic.
  • the output of the comparator can be connected to a switch which applies operating voltage to the control logic and the memory when the comparator changes state.
  • This feature relieves the built-in operating voltage source by switching off the memory and control logic in periods in which there is no change in state.
  • a voltage monitoring circuit is preferably provided, by means of which the operating voltage drops a "low battery value" can be written into one of the memory locations of the memory below a threshold value.
  • this information can be used to indicate the relative point in time from which the storage of data could be unreliable or up to which it can be assumed that the opening and closing processes of the seal will be correctly recorded.
  • a display device which is connected to the memory directly or via the control logic, for displaying the memory content and / or a "seal open" signal is integrated in the housing.
  • This display device can be a numerical or alphanumeric display that shows the stored data in whole or in part, or even just a function or error control that z. B. responds when the seal is opened.
  • the data transmission device comprises a unit integrated in the housing and an external unit, each Include transmitter and receiver for bidirectional data flow.
  • the data transmission device enables a much more extensive evaluation of the stored data than would be possible with a display device integrated in the housing.
  • the data can then be automatically recorded and processed centrally, avoiding the possibility of errors due to reading errors and manual transmission errors in the data read. From a security perspective, it is also advantageous to keep the recorded data secret and to make it accessible only to authorized personnel who have additional devices for displaying the data.
  • the bidirectionality also enables external data to be entered into the memory without mechanical intervention, as is required at the start of transport.
  • the transmitter and receiver of the two units can be connected in a contactless, preferably electromagnetic, manner.
  • the circuit elements integrated in the housing can be hermetically separated from the outside. Electrical damage to the modules through manipulation is largely ruled out in this way. Transmission errors caused by dirty or damaged contacts are also avoided.
  • the unit integrated in the housing preferably comprises an energy receiver with an energy store and the external unit comprises an energy transmitter.
  • the electrical energy required for reading and writing data from or into the memory can thus be completely transmitted from the outside. On the one hand, this protects the built-in energy source required to operate the clock and counter, and on the other hand it also allows the data to be read out if the built-in energy source is defective or exhausted.
  • a further development is particularly advantageous in which both the transmitter, the receiver and the energy receiver of the unit integrated in the housing as well as the transmitter, the receiver and the energy transmitter of the external unit each have a common resonance circuit.
  • This solution offers design advantages which are of great importance with regard to the smallest possible size of the housing and low manufacturing costs. It also ensures that energy transmission and data transmission in both directions are always possible together.
  • the external unit expediently comprises a further memory, a display device and an input device.
  • the data read from the memory can then be temporarily stored and saved for further evaluation.
  • the data intended for writing can be prepared and then transferred to the memory without great expenditure of time and possible transmission errors.
  • a variant provides that the sealing tape is firmly anchored on one side in the housing and its other side can be fixed in a locking device.
  • the sealing tape always remains connected to the housing and cannot be lost when the seal is opened.
  • the sealing tape can be fixed with both sides in a common locking device.
  • This configuration has the advantage that the sealing tape can be easily replaced in the event of breakage or corrosion.
  • the locking device expediently comprises a pivotable eccentric cam and a catch engaging in the eccentric cam in the locking position.
  • the eccentric cam then performs two tasks. One is to mechanically fix the sealing tape so that it does not slip out. The other creates a pressure against a contact, via which the closed signal path can be established. The eccentric cam is only released for actuation if the catch has been pressed in beforehand. This creates security against unintentional actuation of the eccentric cam.
  • the seal consists of a sealing tape 12, which is anchored in a housing (not shown here) and a monitoring device arranged in the same housing, here designated as a whole by 14.
  • the monitoring device 14 comprises an opening sensor 16, a clock 18, a counter 20 ⁇ , a memory 22 and an operating voltage source 24.
  • the opening sensor 16 includes a comparator 34, the signals coming from one input from the counter 20 ⁇ directly and the other input from the signals 20 ⁇ via a leading through the closed sealing tape 12 Signal path 36 are supplied.
  • the memory 22 contains a plurality of memory locations, into which the current counter reading of the counter 20 ⁇ clocked by the clock generator 18 can be written in succession by means of a control logic 26 each time the opening sensor 16 responds.
  • the stored data can be read out later via a data transmission device 28 which is connected to the memory 22.
  • the memory 22 is designed as a non-volatile memory and has a rewritable area 30 ⁇ and a write-once area 32.
  • rewritable area 30 ⁇ in addition to storage spaces for the current counter reading of the counter 20 ⁇ , storage spaces for logistic data are also provided.
  • logistic data can e.g. B. the start time, the time zone, the place of destination, the destination, the country, the owner, the carrier or the means of transport.
  • the write-once area 32 is for the storage of unchangeable characteristic data, such as. B. Factory number and first owner provided.
  • Another output of the comparator 34 is connected to a switch 38 which, when the state of the Comparator 34 applied to the control logic 26 and the memory 22 operating voltage. During the other times when there are no write processes in the memory 22, the memory 22 and the control logic 26 are de-energized and in this way relieve the operating voltage source 24.
  • a voltage monitoring circuit 44 ensures that when the operating voltage drops below a threshold value, a "low battery value" is written into one of the memory locations of the memory 22.
  • the sealing tape 12 can be designed as an electrical conductor or as a light guide.
  • a signal transmitter 40 36 and a signal receiver 42 also belong to the signal path 36, the part of which is the sealing wire 12.
  • the sealing tape can be clamped at one end in a locking device 76 by means of an eccentric cam 78 and then comes into contact with an output terminal of the signal generator 40 ⁇ . If the sealing tape 12 is an electrical conductor, this can be a simple metallic contact. In the case of a light guide, a corresponding light source is required instead.
  • a display device 46 is also connected, which as a simple indicator z. B. can be executed for a "seal open" signal or in the case of a numerical or alphanumeric display option also allows the display of the memory content.
  • the data 22 in the memory can be called up from the outside by means of a data transmission device 28 and later evaluated centrally.
  • the data transmission device 28 also enables a registration z. B. the logistic data in the memory 22.
  • Part of the transmission device 28 is a unit 48 integrated in the housing, which produces a data transmission path with an external unit, not shown here.
  • the circuit described so far works as follows. After the sealing tape 12 of the electronic seal has been passed through the eyelets of the lock of a container to be sealed, it is locked in the locking device 76 by means of the eccentric cam 78. The signal path 36 is thereby closed.
  • the appropriate logistic data is written into the memory 22 and the seal is armed.
  • the clock generator 18 now begins to switch the counter 20 ⁇ away from an initial value and the respective counter reading of the counter 20 ⁇ is evaluated by the comparator 34. As long as the signal path 36 is closed, in addition to the direct value of the counter 20 ⁇ , the comparator 34 also receives this value via the signal generator 40 ⁇ , the sealing tape 12 and the signal receiver 42. As long as the values at the two inputs of the comparator match, there is no change in the state at the exit. No data is therefore written into the memory 22.
  • the comparator 34 recognizes this from the fact that different input values occur.
  • a change in state at the output causes, via control logic 26, that the current state of counter 20 ⁇ is written into memory 22. This is a relative time specification, which, however, can later easily be converted into an absolute time specification due to the further logistic data in the memory 22.
  • the switch 38 was activated, which applied the memory 22 and the control logic 26 to the operating voltage.
  • a log can be created by reading out the stored data, which contains precise information about the time and duration of the opening of the electronic seal.
  • the electronic seal can be used again and the previously saved data can be overwritten by others.
  • a suitable data transmission device of the electronic seal is shown in the block diagram of FIG. 2.
  • the data transmission device 28 comprises a unit 48 integrated in the housing of the electronic seal, as is also shown in FIG. 1, and an external unit 50 ⁇ .
  • both transmitter and receiver are located in both units 48 and 50 ⁇ .
  • the unit 48 is a transmitter 52 and a receiver 56 for data and commands. Accordingly, in the external unit 50 ⁇ a transmitter 54 and a receiver 58th
  • the relevant transmitters 52 and 54 and receivers 56 and 58 of the two units 48 and 50 ⁇ are contactless and can be connected electromagnetically in the present case.
  • an energy receiver 60 ⁇ with an energy store 62 is provided in the unit 48, which required the external unit 50 ⁇ via an energy transmitter 64 to read data from the memory or to write data into the memory 22 Relates to energy.
  • a common resonance circuit 66 in the unit 48 or 68 in the unit 50 ⁇ is used for transmission, with which the relevant transmitter and receiver for data as well as the energy transmitter 64 on the side of the external unit 50 ⁇ and the energy receiver 60 ⁇ on the side of the unit 48 are connected .
  • the energy receiver 60 ⁇ is followed by an energy store 62, which brings about a certain voltage stabilization and which in principle could also serve to charge the operating voltage source 24 in FIG. 1.
  • the external unit 50 ⁇ comprises a further memory 70 ⁇ , a display device 72 and an input device 74. All the data transferred from the memory 22 to the further memory 70 ⁇ can now be displayed and evaluated on the display device 72. Furthermore, data to be entered can be prepared by means of the input device 74 and stored in the memory 70 ⁇ so that they are immediately available when a seal that has just been closed is activated. Due to the transmission device 28, a display device 46 in the housing of the electronic seal can largely be dispensed with, or the display can display a few values, such as, for. B. an opening indicator of the sealing wire can be limited. The stored data is then practically secret and can only be evaluated by people who have a corresponding external unit 50 ⁇ of the data transmission device 28.
  • the data transmission between the units 48 and 50 ⁇ takes place when the resonance circuits 66 and 68 are sufficiently coupled together.
  • 3 to 5 show different design options of the electronic seal.
  • the circuit of the electronic seal shown in Fig. 1 is located in a housing 10 ⁇ , which has openings for the sealing tape 12.
  • the sealing tape can be fixed within the housing by means of the locking device 76. If the actuating lever of the locking device 76 is turned into a closed position, a catch 80 ⁇ engages, which prevents an inadvertent turning back into the open position. Only after pressing the catch 80 ⁇ can the locking device 76 be opened again.
  • the electronic seal can easily be attached like a seal to the lock of a container in question. A separate attachment is therefore not necessary.
  • an attachment hole 82 is provided for this purpose, through which a bolt can be inserted, which can then be inserted e.g. B. is screwed on the other side of the door of a container.
  • the embodiment of the electronic seal shown in FIG. 3 has a display device 46, which is integrated in the housing 10 ⁇ .
  • This display device 46 can display numerical and alphanumeric data about the memory content and also present a function and status display.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 a detailed display device is dispensed with. Rather, there is only one display device 46 z. B. provided in the form of a light-emitting diode, which only allows an indication of whether the seal was opened after arming or not.
  • the fastening of the sealing tape 12 on the housing 10 ⁇ different designs are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. 4, one end of the sealing tape 12 is firmly anchored in the housing and only the other end can be locked by means of the locking device 76.
  • the advantage here is that the sealing tape 12 always remains connected to the housing 10 ⁇ , so that it cannot be lost.
  • the sealing tape 12 can be fixed on both sides by means of the locking device 76 in the housing 10 ⁇ .
  • This design has the advantage that the sealing tape 12 can be easily replaced in the event of damage.
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of an electronic seal in connection with an external unit.
  • the external unit 50 ⁇ is here provided with a display device 72 which makes it possible to display the data stored in the memory 22 of the electronic seal.
  • the arrow emanating from the housing 10 ⁇ of the electronic seal points to a groove within the housing of the external unit 50 ⁇ , into which the electronic seal can be inserted for better coupling of the resonant circuits.
  • FIG. 7 shows the view of the housing of an electronic seal in connection with an external unit which has a remote input and output device.
  • the housing with the slot into which the housing 10 ⁇ of the electronic seal is inserted for data transmission serves practically only as a read / write head.
  • the storage, display, evaluation and input of data takes place via a remote computer, of which the display device 72 and the input device 74 are shown here.
  • FIG. 8 also shows a longitudinal section through a locking device 76.
  • This has a pivotable eccentric cam 78 which, in the locking position, presses the inserted sealing tape 12 against a contact spring 84 and, in the case of an electrical line, an electrical contact between the sealing tape 12 and the contact spring 84 manufactures.
  • the eccentric cam 78 releases the insertion channel, as a result of which the sealing tape 12 can be pulled out of the slot.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
EP91104204A 1990-06-16 1991-03-19 Elektronisches Siegel Expired - Lifetime EP0463294B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4019265 1990-06-16
DE4019265A DE4019265C1 (enExample) 1990-06-16 1990-06-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463294A1 EP0463294A1 (de) 1992-01-02
EP0463294B1 true EP0463294B1 (de) 1994-09-21

Family

ID=6408528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91104204A Expired - Lifetime EP0463294B1 (de) 1990-06-16 1991-03-19 Elektronisches Siegel

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5189396A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0463294B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2981016B2 (enExample)
AT (1) ATE112084T1 (enExample)
DE (2) DE4019265C1 (enExample)

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JP2981016B2 (ja) 1999-11-22
EP0463294A1 (de) 1992-01-02
JPH04313194A (ja) 1992-11-05
DE59103007D1 (de) 1994-10-27
DE4019265C1 (enExample) 1991-11-28
US5189396A (en) 1993-02-23
ATE112084T1 (de) 1994-10-15

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