EP0453114B1 - Fluides hydrauliques pour suspensions d'automobile - Google Patents

Fluides hydrauliques pour suspensions d'automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0453114B1
EP0453114B1 EP91302749A EP91302749A EP0453114B1 EP 0453114 B1 EP0453114 B1 EP 0453114B1 EP 91302749 A EP91302749 A EP 91302749A EP 91302749 A EP91302749 A EP 91302749A EP 0453114 B1 EP0453114 B1 EP 0453114B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
viscosity
weight
hydraulic fluid
hydraulic
percent
Prior art date
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EP91302749A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0453114A1 (fr
Inventor
Koji Takemitsu
Kenyu Akiyama
Hiroshi Ohashi
Syoichi E1104 Lions Mansion Ueda Bldg. Ichikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tonen General Sekiyu KK
Toyota Motor Corp
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Tonen Corp
Toyota Motor Corp
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/054—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions, and especially to hydraulic fluids that are suitable for use in hydraulic power units adapted to perform leveling control of automobiles by using a hydraulic oil and have such excellent hydraulic response characteristics as permitting accurate leveling control. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions, said fluids comprising as a base oil a mixed oil of an olefin oligomer and a diester and hence being of the synthetic lubricating oil base and having excellent hydraulic response characteristics.
  • Suspensions for automobile bodies include those having hydraulic rams arranged near respective wheels instead of spring dampers whereby the rams are driven by hydraulic pressure from a pressure accumulator to stably control the spatial orientation of the automobile bodies; in other words, to perform stable leveling control of the automobile bodies.
  • Hydraulic fluids for suspensions of the above type are required to have as their basic properties desirable viscosity at high temperatures and preferable fluidity at low temperatures, namely, good viscosity-temperature characteristics in view of the severe use environments of automobiles.
  • Known conventional hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions include those containing as a base oil a low-viscosity mineral oil having excellent low-temperature fluidity and as a viscosity index improver a large amount of polymethacrylate (PMA) to impart desired viscosity-temperature characteristics.
  • PMA polymethacrylate
  • US-A-4 519 932 discloses a hydraulic fluid comprising (a) a synthetic hydrocarbon obtained by the oligomerisation of an alpha-olefin or alpha-olefin mixture, (b) a monoester or diester, and (c) a polymethacrylate viscosity index improver.
  • a synthetic hydrocarbon obtained by the oligomerisation of an alpha-olefin or alpha-olefin mixture
  • a monoester or diester a monoester or diester
  • a polymethacrylate viscosity index improver e.g., a polymethacrylate viscosity index improver.
  • One or more conventional additives may also be included, such as antioxidants, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors and the like.
  • the hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions - which pertains to the present invention - is used, as described above, in hydraulic units adapted to perform leveling control of a vehicle body by using hydraulic pressure rather than the conventional suspension system that uses spring dampers.
  • a leveling control method of this type information on road surface conditions is obtained at a rate of several thousands/second, for example, 3,000 pieces/second by means of sensors, and leveling control is performed in accordance with the information.
  • a hydraulic fluid which is employed as a suspension oil for applications of the above-described kind desirably has, in view of the environmental conditions of use of automobiles, good high-temperature viscosity characteristics, specifically a kinematic viscosity of 4-10 mm2/s at 100°C and good low-temperature viscosity characteristics (low-temperature fluidity), particularly a viscosity of 400-2,400 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 500-2,000 mPa ⁇ s at -40°C. It is also desirable that the hydraulic fluid has a viscosity index (V.I.) of normally at least 200, preferably at least 250. Further, as fundamental characteristics of hydraulic fluids for suspensions, the hydraulic fluid must be excellent in inflammability resistance, evaporation resistance, anti-seizure property, shear stability and the like.
  • Hydraulic fluids excellent in such various properties can be provided by using, as a base oil, a mixed oil which contains (a) 70-90 wt.% of an olefin oligomer and (b) 10-30 wt.% of a diester obtained by condensation of an aliphatic dibasic acid having 4-14 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 4-14 carbon atoms.
  • a base oil a mixed oil which contains (a) 70-90 wt.% of an olefin oligomer and (b) 10-30 wt.% of a diester obtained by condensation of an aliphatic dibasic acid having 4-14 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 4-14 carbon atoms.
  • the olefin oligomer employed in the present invention is obtained by homopolymerization of a desired olefinic hydrocarbon or copolymerization of desired two or more olefinic hydrocarbons selected from linear or branched olefinic hydrocarbons having usually 2-14 carbon atoms, preferably 4-12 carbon atoms.
  • the olefin oligomer has a kinematic viscosity of 1.5-25 mm2/s at 100°C. Its average molecular weight is usually in the range of from about 100 to about 2,000, preferably in the range of from about 200 to about 1,000.
  • olefin oligomers for use in the present invention olefin oligomers whose unsaturated bonds have been saturated by hydrogenation are particularly preferred.
  • Illustrative olefin oligomers include ⁇ -olefin oligomers, ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin oligomers, and the like.
  • the ⁇ -olefin oligomers include mixtures of ⁇ -olefin oligomers having 6-12 carbon atoms, said mixtures being available by trimerization to hexamerization of hydrocarbons or lower olefins, for example, that obtained by copolymerization of a mixture consisting of 25-50 wt.% of hexene-1, 30-40 wt.% of octene-1 and 25-40 wt.% of decene-1.
  • Olefin oligomers available from the single use of monomers such as decene-1 and hydrogenation products thereof are also suitable.
  • Examples of the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin oligomers include that obtained by copolymerization of 40-90 wt.% of ethylene and 10-60 wt.% of propylene.
  • olefin oligomers can be produced using, as a catalyst, a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as aluminum chloride or boron fluoride, a Ziegler catalyst, an oxide catalyst such as chromium oxide, or the like.
  • Hydrogenation of an olefin oligomer can be conducted by bringing a polymerization reaction product into contact with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, for example, nickel-molybdenum/alumina under elevated temperature and pressure.
  • the diester employed in the present invention is a diester obtained by dehydrating condensation of an aliphatic dibasic acid having 1-14 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 4-14 carbon atoms.
  • the diester has a kinematic viscosity of 2-7 mm2/s at 100°C.
  • Illustrative aliphatic dibasic acids having 4-14 carbon atoms include succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, piperic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassilic acid and tetradecanedioic acid.
  • succinic acid glutaric acid, adipic acid, piperic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassilic acid and tetradecanedioic acid.
  • adipic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid with adipic acid and sebacic acid being particularly preferred.
  • Examples of the alcohols having 4-14 carbon atoms include n-butanol, isobutanol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, n-hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, cyclohexanol, n-heptanol, isoheptanol, methylcyclohexanol, n-octanol, dimethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2,4,4-trimethylpentanol, isooctanol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol, isononanol, isodecanol, isoundecanol, 2-butyloctanol, tridecanol and isotetradecanol. Of these, 2-ethylhexanol and isodecanol are particularly preferred.
  • Diesters which can be obtained from these aliphatic dibasic acids and alcohols include, for example, di(1-ethylpropyl) adipate, di(3-methylbutyl) adipate, di(1,3-methylbutyl) adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, di(isononyl) adipate, di(isodecyl) adipate, di(undecyl) adipate, di(tridecyl) adipate, di(isotetradecyl) adipate, di(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) adipate, di(mixed (2-ethylhexyl, isononyl)] adipate, di(1-ethylpropyl) azelate, di(3-methylbutyl) azelate, di(2-ethylbutyl) azelate, di(2-e
  • diesters have a kinematic viscosity of 2-7 mm2/s, preferably 2.2-6 mm2/s at 100°C.
  • An unduly low kinematic viscosity poses problems on inflammability, evaporation and load carrying capacity, whereas an unduly high kinematic viscosity results in a high viscosity at low temperatures and hence impairs low-temperature fluidity.
  • the base oil of the hydraulic fluid according to the present invention which is suitable for use in automobile suspensions, contains a mixed oil of the olefin oligomer and diester described above.
  • the proportion of the olefin oligomer is 70-90 wt.%, preferably 75-90 wt.%, more preferably 80-85 wt.% while the proportion of the diester is 10-30 wt.%, preferably 10-25 wt.%, more preferably 15-20 wt.%.
  • Use of the mixed oil of the above mixing ratio as a base oil makes it possible to satisfy the above-described characteristics required for hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions, namely, to provide a hydraulic fluid having good viscosity-temperature characteristics and improved in inflammability, evaporation, anti-seizure property, shear stability and the like.
  • the base oil employed in the present invention may be added with one or more other lubricating oils such as mineral oil.
  • the hydraulic fluid of the present invention for use in automobile suspensions may retain good low-temperature viscosity characteristics at -40°C even when a mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid is added in a proportion lower than 50 wt.%.
  • the hydraulic fluid of the invention includes two or more friction modifiers with a view toward retaining good friction characteristics and antiwear characteristics not only in an initial stage but also over a long period of time.
  • Phosphate esters are used to improve the friction characteristics and antiwear characteristics especially in an initial stage, namely, during the running-in period, while phosphite esters are employed to retain low friction characteristics over a long period of time especially after the running-in period.
  • Phosphate ester amine salts have similar properties to phosphite esters and can retain good friction characteristics over a still longer period than the phosphite esters although their friction characteristics are somewhat higher than the phosphite esters.
  • R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are independently a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having at least 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group or an alkyl-substituted aryl group.
  • phosphoric ester friction modifiers include oleyl acid phosphate [mixture of (C18H35O)P(OH)2O and (C18H35O)2P(OH)O] and dioleyl hydrogenphosphite [(C18H35O)2P(OH)].
  • Phosphoric ester amine salts are reaction products of phosphate esters or phosphite esters and amine compounds.
  • the amine compounds include primary or secondary amines which contain one or two saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups having 10-20 carbon atoms.
  • Diisooctyl acid phosphate amine salt (reaction product of (i-C8H17O)2P(OH)O and (C18H35)NH2] can be mentioned as a specific example.
  • Polymethacrylate (PMA) of a relatively high molecular weight has been incorporated as a viscosity index improver in conventional mineral-oil-base hydraulic fluids to obtain good viscosity-temperature characteristics.
  • the base oil employed in the present invention exhibits by itself good viscosity-temperature characteristics so that addition of PMA having a weight average molecular weight of about 20,000-200,000, preferably at least 20,000 but lower than 100,000, more preferably 30,000-90,000 can improve the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the hydraulic fluid further.
  • PMA having a relatively low molecular weight lower than 100,000 has superior shear stability to PMA of a high molecular weight and can improve both the viscosity-temperature characteristics and shear stability of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention.
  • These viscosity index improvers can be added in a proportion of generally 5-30 wt.%, preferably 10-25 wt.%.
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • EPC ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • SPC hydrogenated products of styrene-butadiene copolymers
  • additives commonly employed in lubrication oils for example, ashless dispersants, metal deactivators, antioxidants, defoaming agents, rust preventives, metal detergents and the like can be added to the hydraulic fluid of the present invention for automobile suspensions to extents not impairing the objects of the present invention.
  • Ashless dispersants are used to disperse the phosphoric ester friction modifier, any deterioration products of the hydraulic fluid, etc. in the oil.
  • the ashless dispersants include succinimide-, succinamide-, benzylamine- and ester-based, ashless dispersants. These ashless dispersants are used generally in a proportion of 0.05-1 wt.%.
  • Metal deactivators are employed to prevent corrosion of metals by any oxidation or thermal deterioration products of the oil or to avoid dissolution of metals into the base oil. They include, for example, thiadiazole-based and triazole-based metal deactivators. They can be used generally in a proportion of 0.01-0.5 wt.%
  • antioxidants conventional antioxidants such as amine-based antioxidants and phenol-based antioxidants can be used.
  • Illustrative amine-based antioxidants include alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamines and alkylated- ⁇ -naphthylamines
  • examples of phenol-based antioxidants include 2,6-di-t-butylphenol and 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-t-butylphenol). They can be used generally in a proportion of 0.05-1 wt.%.
  • defoaming agents such as dimethyl polysilixane and polyacrylates
  • rust preventives such as alkenyl succinates, their partial esters and alkanol-amines
  • metal detergents such as compounds capable of neutralising oxidation and other deterioration products of the oil - e.g., calcium sulfonates, magnesium sulfonates, barium sulfonates, calcium phenates and barium phenates - can be employed suitably as needed.
  • the hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions according to the present invention have good viscosity-temperature characteristics, non-inflammability, evaporation resistance, anti-seizure property and shear stability. In addition, such fluids retain good friction and antiwear characteristics over a long period of time.
  • the hydraulic fluids of the present invention are therefore extremely suited for use in hydraulic units adapted to perform levelling control of automobiles, and can exhibit outstanding hydraulic response over a long period of time.
  • Hydraulic fluids for automobile suspensions were prepared by mixing the base oil components with their corresponding various additive components, both shown in Tables 1-4. The proportions of the individual components are shown by wt.%. Incidentally, the wt.% of each additive component is based on the total amount of its corresponding base oil components and additive components, including the first-mentioned additive component.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Fluide hydraulique pour suspensions d'automobiles, ledit fluide ayant une viscosité cinématique de 4 à 10 mm²/seconde (=cSt) à 100°C et une viscosité de 400 à 2400 mPa.s à -40°C, et comprenant :
    (A) une huile de base qui comprend un mélange
    (a) de 70 à 90 pour cent en poids d'un oligomère d'oléfine ayant une viscosité cinématique de 1,5 à 25 mm²/seconde à 100°C, et
    (b) de 10 à 30 pour cent en poids d'un diester obtenu par condensation d'un diacide aliphatique ayant 4 à 14 atomes de carbone et d'un alcool ayant 4 à 14 atomes de carbone, et ayant une viscosité cinématique de 2 à 7 mm²/seconde à 100°C ;
    (B) 0,05 à 2 pour cent en poids, sur la base du fluide hydraulique total, d'un ester consistant en un phosphate, servant de modificateur de frottement ;
    (C) 0,05 à 2 pour cent en poids, sur la base du fluide hydraulique total, d'au moins un modificateur de frottement choisi entre des sels d'amines d'esters du type phosphite et d'esters du type phosphate ; et
    (D) 10 à 25 pour cent en poids, sur la base du poids du fluide hydraulique total, d'un agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité consistant en un polyméthacrylate ayant une moyenne pondérale du poids moléculaire de 20 000 à 100 000.
EP91302749A 1990-03-31 1991-03-28 Fluides hydrauliques pour suspensions d'automobile Expired - Lifetime EP0453114B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8292790 1990-03-31
JP82927/90 1990-03-31
JP7868391 1991-02-18
JP78683/91 1991-02-18

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0453114A1 EP0453114A1 (fr) 1991-10-23
EP0453114B1 true EP0453114B1 (fr) 1995-05-24

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EP91302749A Expired - Lifetime EP0453114B1 (fr) 1990-03-31 1991-03-28 Fluides hydrauliques pour suspensions d'automobile

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EP (1) EP0453114B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04314794A (fr)
DE (1) DE69109927T2 (fr)

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JP3259999B2 (ja) * 1993-01-25 2002-02-25 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 緩衝器用潤滑油
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JP3935982B2 (ja) * 1995-10-19 2007-06-27 出光興産株式会社 油圧作動油組成物
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JP4689583B2 (ja) * 2006-11-24 2011-05-25 出光興産株式会社 油圧作動油組成物
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JP6159107B2 (ja) * 2013-03-15 2017-07-05 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
CN107532099A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2018-01-02 Ｋｙｂ株式会社 油压减震器用工作油和油压减震器
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69109927T2 (de) 1995-09-28
DE69109927D1 (de) 1995-06-29
JPH04314794A (ja) 1992-11-05
EP0453114A1 (fr) 1991-10-23

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