Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0016—Plasticisers

Definitions

• This invention relates to copolymer compositions comprising a major amount of an alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds and a minor amount of one or more lubricating additives.
• the relevant copolymers are characterised by having a linear repeating structure [A-CO] which implies that a unit A is positioned left and right in between carbonyl units.
• A is a unit derived from an olefinically unsaturated compound.
• copolymer includes terpolymers in which different units A are present.
• the copolymers are linear copolymers of carbon monoxide with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds.
• suitable olefinically unsaturated compounds yielding a unit A are ethene, propene, butene, octene, styrene and acrylate esters.
• the copolymers mentioned above are known per se, cf.
• Copolymers with a high intrinsic viscosity, or limiting viscosity number (LVN) have better physical properties as engineering thermoplastic than copolymers with a lower intrinsic viscosity.
• Melt processing, e.g. extrusion, of copolymers, especially when they have an LVN of above about 2.0 dl/g (measured at 60 °C in m-cresol) is adversely affected by a poor melt stability which is apparent from a notable increase of the viscosity of the melt with increasing residence time.
• melt-extrusion is a critical step, even for copolymers with a low LVN. It is evident that improving the stability of the copolymer melt is desirable.
• Copolymer compositions comprising a major amount of an alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds and a minor amount of one or more lubricating additives of the general formula X-R, in which X represents a monovalent polar moiety, comprising 1-4 polar groups, and R represents a monovalent hydrocarbyl radical having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, which is attached to (one of) the polar group(s), are known from EP-A-326224.
• These lubricating additives include saturated fatty acid amides, fatty acid amides with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, and aromatic carboxylic acid amides.
• Said compounds having more than one hydrocarbyl radical in the molecules act as lubricating additives in the copolymers and are superior to the known carboxylic acid amide lubricating additives which possess only one hydrocarbyl radical. It has been found that, as a result of the better processing, the addition of these lubricating additives also leads to an improvement of mechanical properties of the processed copolymers such as their impact resistance. Compositions of the copolymers with the above mentioned compounds which have more than one hydrocarbyl radical in the molecule are novel.
• the invention relates to novel copolymer compositions comprising a major amount of an alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds and a minor amount of one or more lubricating additives of the general formula X(R) n , in which X represents an n valent polar moiety having 1-4 polar groups having oxygen or oxygen and nitrogen as hetero atom(s), where n is 2, 3 or 4, and each R, independently, represents a monovalent hydrocarbyl radical having 5 to 30 carbon atoms which is attached to a polar group.
• the invention also relates to a process for improving flow properties of alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds comprising the addition thereto of a minor amount of one or more lubricating additives of the general formula X(R) n according to the invention.
• a minor amount will be clear to those skilled in the art as meaning less than 50 %w based on the weight of the composition in cases where the compositions consist only of polymer and lubricating additive. Generally it will not be necessary to employ more than a certain amount to achieve an acceptable performance.
• the total amount of the lubricating additives ranges from 0.01 to 5 %w, more suitably from 0.05 to 3 %w, especially from 0.1 to 1 %w, based on the weight of the composition.
• the molecules of the lubricating additives of the invention comprise a polar moiety X which is a polar n valent radical containing one or more polar groups having oxygen or oxygen and nitrogen as heteroatom(s).
• the polar group(s) are selected from alcoholic hydroxy groups (-OH), oxy atoms (-O-), carboxylic ester groups (-CO-O-), carboxylic amide groups (-CO-N ⁇ ) and carboxyl groups (-CO-OH).
• the polar moiety may, for example, comprise one or two alcoholic hydroxy groups and two carboxylic ester group or one alcoholic hydroxy group and two carboxylic amide groups, or one carboxylic ester group and two alkoxy groups, or two carboxylic ester groups.
• the hydrocarbyl radical R has been described hereinbefore as a monovalent radical, being attached to a polar group. It will be clear that in the event that the lubricating additive comprises two or more polar groups in the polar moiety X, the polar moiety may also comprise a polyvalent (cyclo)alkyl or aryl radical which connects said polar groups.
• the molecules of the additive may comprise an alkanetriyl radical which interconnects two R-O- and one -CO-OH groups, of which each R-O- originates in one hydrocarbyl radical R and one oxy atom -O-.
• Eligible lubricating additives according to the invention are, for example, 1,3,5-tridodecyloxybenzene, bis(4-dodecylphenyl) terephthalate, N,N'-dioleoylpiperazine, 1,3,5-tripalmetylisocyanurate, cetyl linoleate, N,N-didodecyl-3-octylbenzamide, and 1,2-bis(2',2',4',4',6',6'-hexamethylheptanoyl)-hydrazine.
• compounds X(R) n are conceivable which contain two or more polar groups in the polar moiety X and wherein one of the hydrocarbyl radicals R is not attached directly to one of the polar groups, but to the polyvalent (alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl) radical interconnecting the polar groups.
• dodecyl 4-methoxy-3-pentadecylbenzoate is conceivable as an equivalent of its isomer dodecyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate.
• such compounds are not as readily accessible by chemical synthesis as those wherein the hydrocarbyl radical R is attached to a polar group.
• the lubricating additives of the invention are of the general formula Y(ZR) n , in which YZ n is X, and wherein
• n is suitably 2 or 3.
• Preferred lubricating additives Y(ZR) n of the invention are those in which n is 2 and Y represents a (cyclo)alkylidene radical having up to 6 carbon atoms.
• Preferred compounds are, e.g., 1,4-cyclohexylene dialpha-linolenate, decyl 2-(4'-octylbenzyl)oxypentanoate, and N,N'-dilauroylhexamethylenediamine.
• Z is -CO-N(R'')-, with R'' as defined hereinbefore, and, particularly, R" representing hydrogen.
• Such additives may, for example, be the following: N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dimyristoyltrimethylenediamine and 1,3-bis(N,N'-ethyl-N,N'-lauryl-carbamoyl)cyclopentane, and, in particular, N,N'-distearoylmethylenediamine.
• Y represents an ethylene radical
• Y represents an ethylene radical
• N-docosyl-2-(4'-hexylbenzoylamino)propionamide and N,N'-dilinoleylsuccinamide and, typically, the N,N'-bisamides of ethylene diamine, such as N,N'-didocosanoylethylenediamine and N,N'-dilaurylethylenediamine.
• N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine performs excellently as a lubricating additive in the copolymers.
• Y(ZR) n of the invention are those in which Z represents -CO-O-. More preferred are those wherein Y is an n valent alkyl radical having up to 16 carbon atoms, suitably having three carbon atoms, which may be substituted with one group selected from (a) -OR', (b) -CO-O-R' and (c) -O-CO-R'.
• Examples of such preferred additives are as follows, trimyristyl 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylate, bis(4,6,8-trimethylnon-2-yl suberate and 2,2-dimethylpropyl-1,3-ene dilaurate, whereas the more preferred additives are, for example, 1-montanoyloxy-1,3-bisdecanoyloxypropane and dibornyl 2-methoxy-1,3-propanedioate.
• the lubricating additive is a glycerol 1,3-diester, e.g., glycerol 1,3-dioctanoate and glycerol 1,3-dimontanate.
• Glycerol 1,3-distearate is an excellent lubricating additive for the copolymers.
• Y(ZR) n of the invention wherein Z represents -CO-O- and Y is an n valent alkyl radical having up to 16 carbon atoms, suitably having three carbon atoms, as indicated above, other compounds are also particularly suitable, viz., those of which n is 2 or 3 and the radical Y is not substituted, for example, tripentadecyl tricarballylate.
• the lubricating additive is a glycerol triester, e.g., glycerol 1,2-dioleate 3-stearate and glycerol tripalmetate, or a 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane diester, e.g., 2,2-bis(4'-stearoyloxyphenyl)propane.
• Glycerol tristearate and 2,2-bis(4'-montanyloxyphenyl)propane perform excellently as lubricating additives in the copolymers.
• hydrocarbyl radical R may contain 5-30 carbon atoms, it is advantageous to have a hydrocarbyl radical R which comprises 10-30 carbon atoms because this renders the additives less volatile.
• the radical may contain one or more aromatic or alicyclic ring structures, or its chain of carbon atoms may be branched. Examples of such aromatic ring structures are those of benzene and naphthalene. Alicyclic ring structures are, for example, those of cyclohexane, cycloheptane and norbornane.
• the hydrocarbyl radical R is preferably a primary radical, i.e. a radical of which the point of attachment to a polar group resides on a carbon atom which bears two hydrogen atoms.
• the hydrocarbyl radical R comprises a linear chain of carbon atoms, and most preferably it is also saturated.
• Lubricating additives derived from a primary radical R possessing a linear and saturated hydrocarbon chain are more stable in cases were degradation reactions via radical pathways play a role.
• Examples of the more preferred radicals R are the hydrocarbon chains of oleyl alcohol, linoleic acid, stearolic acid and linolenic acid.
• Examples of the most preferred radicals R are the hydrocarbon chains of myristic acid, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid and montanic acid.
• the lubricating additives may be used alone, or they may be used in combination with one or more additional additives which improve other properties of the compositions such as oxidative stability and UV stability.
• additional additives may be selected from the group formed by sterically hindered phenolic compounds, aromatic amines, hydroxybenzophenones, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles, aluminium hydroxides, acid amides of monocarboxylic acids, and copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Some of these may be well-known, commercially available additives for polymers.
• the hindered phenolic compounds are selected from 2,5-dialkylphenols, from esters of a straight chain alcohol and a hydroxy,dialkylphenyl-substituted carboxylic acid, from 1,2-bis(acetyl)hydrazines in which the acetyl group carries a hydroxy,dialkylphenyl substituent, from N,N'-bis(acetoxyalkyl)oxalamides in which the acetyl group carries a hydroxy,dialkylphenyl substituent, and from alpha-N,omega-N-bis(acetyl)diamines in which the acetyl group carries a hydroxy,dialkylphenyl substituent.
• Suitable aromatic amines are selected from the group formed by the diphenylamines, such as 4,4'-bisbenzyl-diphenylamines or anilino-diphenylamines, and diaminonaphthalenes, such as N,N,N',N'-tetraalkylaminonaphthalenes.
• a suitable type of aluminium hydroxide is bayerite.
• the alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide with one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds which is part of the compositions of the invention may in particular be a copolymer of carbon monoxide with ethylene or a terpolymer of carbon monoxide, ethylene and propylene.
• Preferred co- and terpolymers are those having an LVN of from 1.0 to 5.0 dl/g, preferably from 1.3 to 4.0 dl/g, in particular from 2.1 to 3.0 dl/g.
• the lubricating additives may be added to the copolymer by various continuous or discontinuous processes, for example, by dry blending and tumbling, by solvent deposition and removal of solvent by evaporation.
• the copolymer may be present in the form of a powder, or as granulate.
• compositions of this invention can be processed into articles of manufacture such as fibres, films, laminates, tubes, piping and articles having an intricate shape by conventional processing techniques, such as melt spinning, extrusion, co-extrusion, injection moulding and compression moulding.
• the lubricating additives of this invention do not only improve the flow of the relevant carbon monoxide/olefin co- and terpolymers, but also render the co- and terpolymer less prone to polymer degradation during melt processing.
• the performance of these lubricating additives compared to the performance of the known lubricating additives which possess only one hydrocarbon chain is unexpected.
• a terpolymer comprising ethene, propene and carbon monoxide in the form of a powder, having an LVN of 1.84 dl/g (measured in m-cresol at 60 °C) and a crystalline melting point of 218 °C was mixed with samples of various additives by dry blending and tumbling in air for 5 minutes. Samples of the blends obtained and samples of the terpolymer without additives were extruded in air in a 15 mm twin-screw extruder operated at 275 °C. The relative feed rates were measured while maintaining a constant torque at 300 rpm. Plaques with 0.75 mm thickness were compression moulded by pressing the extruded polymers at 240 °C during 1.5 minutes.
• compositions which contain glycerol 1,3-distearate, glycerol tristearate, N,N'-distearoylethylenediamine and 2,2-bis(4'-montanyloxyphenyl)-propane are according to the invention, whereas the experiments involving glycerol 1-monostearate and stearamide and those without a lubricating additive have been added for comparison.
• the values measured for the initial torque and the initial dynamic viscosity show that glycerol 1,3-distearate, glycerol tristearate and N,N'-distearoylethylenediamine lubricate the polymer melt.
• the lubricating additives of the invention perform better than the lubricating additive which possesses only one hydrocarbyl radical in its molecule.
• Example 3 shows that, as a result of the better processing achieved with the lubricating additives of the invention, the processed terpolymer has an improved impact resistance in that it shows a lesser tendency towards brittle failure and more impact energy can be absorbed.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-04-03 GB GB909007432A patent/GB9007432D0/en active Pending
• 1991
  • 1991-03-19 US US07/671,232 patent/US5115009A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-03-20 DE DE69119970T patent/DE69119970T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-03-20 ES ES91200627T patent/ES2089107T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-03-20 EP EP91200627A patent/EP0453010B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-04-01 KR KR1019910005225A patent/KR100199305B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-04-02 PL PL91289706A patent/PL169441B1/pl unknown
  • 1991-04-02 JP JP3070043A patent/JPH04224864A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-04-02 CN CN91102018A patent/CN1031280C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-04-02 AU AU74042/91A patent/AU636731B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-04-02 CA CA002039587A patent/CA2039587A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-04-02 HU HU911068A patent/HU214015B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-04-02 BR BR919101316A patent/BR9101316A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-04-02 CZ CS91903A patent/CZ284922B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-04-02 FI FI911580A patent/FI101973B/fi active

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