EP0446395B1 - Procédé et agencement du circuit pour la réalisation de mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèle équivalents aux mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèles vivants par animation de genre-modèles à mouvements artificiels - Google Patents

Procédé et agencement du circuit pour la réalisation de mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèle équivalents aux mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèles vivants par animation de genre-modèles à mouvements artificiels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0446395B1
EP0446395B1 EP90104909A EP90104909A EP0446395B1 EP 0446395 B1 EP0446395 B1 EP 0446395B1 EP 90104909 A EP90104909 A EP 90104909A EP 90104909 A EP90104909 A EP 90104909A EP 0446395 B1 EP0446395 B1 EP 0446395B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control signals
genus
stored
control
models
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90104909A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0446395A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Dr. Mohr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mohr Ilona Dipl-Ing
Original Assignee
Mohr Ilona Dipl-Ing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE59007939T priority Critical patent/DE59007939D1/de
Application filed by Mohr Ilona Dipl-Ing filed Critical Mohr Ilona Dipl-Ing
Priority to ES90104909T priority patent/ES2067581T3/es
Priority to AT90104909T priority patent/ATE114990T1/de
Priority to EP90104909A priority patent/EP0446395B1/fr
Priority to SU915053189A priority patent/RU2091112C1/ru
Priority to CS91691A priority patent/CZ285101B6/cs
Priority to HU9202895A priority patent/HU213826B/hu
Priority to PL91296084A priority patent/PL167628B1/pl
Priority to CA002077540A priority patent/CA2077540A1/fr
Priority to AU74557/91A priority patent/AU664826B2/en
Priority to PCT/DE1991/000231 priority patent/WO1991013664A1/fr
Priority to US07/946,431 priority patent/US5493185A/en
Priority to JP91505389A priority patent/JPH05505538A/ja
Publication of EP0446395A1 publication Critical patent/EP0446395A1/fr
Priority to BG96866A priority patent/BG60148B2/bg
Priority to KR1019920702205A priority patent/KR100192111B1/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0446395B1 publication Critical patent/EP0446395B1/fr
Priority to GR950400502T priority patent/GR3015324T3/el
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/02—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for incorporating moving display members
    • G09F19/08—Dolls, faces, or other representations of living forms with moving parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H13/00—Toy figures with self-moving parts, with or without movement of the toy as a whole
    • A63H13/005—Toy figures with self-moving parts, with or without movement of the toy as a whole with self-moving head or facial features
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H2200/00—Computerized interactive toys, e.g. dolls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/02—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for incorporating moving display members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the animation of motor-driven dolls and the like and a device for carrying out the method.
  • dolls or the like means mimic dolls, doll animals, toys or entertainment figures, doll plants, doll objects and the like, the whole and / or part of their shape surfaces and shape elements being moved such that the doll-like movements of the whole and / or partial shape surface and shape elements are eliminated, that is to say the continuous and movement-free continuous movements are carried out in an "unpuppet-like" and thus personified manner.
  • Such a development stand is e.g. B. published in DE-PS 23,046,614.
  • This relates to a lip movement stimulation device in a toy figure, in particular a doll's head, which has a motor-driven gear wheel which eccentrically drives an actuating lever connected to an elastic lip.
  • the lips are each actuated by a rod which interacts with a corresponding cylinder projection which is arranged eccentrically on the gearwheel.
  • the "near-to-life" lip movement transmitted by the doll is, however, far from being close to life.
  • a device for controlling the movement of a doll which uses, among other things, storage and reproduction of signals recorded in analog or digital form. This device is also not suitable for processing the control signals in an effective manner.
  • the new media - film, video, television - are realizing a new quality of viewing.
  • the viewer not only looks at the doll from the best possible viewer position. He sees her in her full form immediately - and even her face enlarged to screen size - immediately in front of him.
  • figurines or figure systems primarily for hand puppets and in a dimension that corresponds to the classic hand puppet, i.e. H. e.g. B. can be played by a puppeteer with one hand as a puppet - which are marked:
  • the dolls have an elastic, shaped envelope.
  • the material consists of plastics, foams, rubber-like, rubber-elastic materials up to to fabric or even leather. It preferably consists of a correspondingly and / or variably thick foam material, which is cast or pressed into the corresponding shape shapes and takes on the shape features and shapes such as folds, beads, and the like.
  • This skin corresponds to the outer body shell of life beings. It encloses all visible, uncovered body parts of the figures.
  • the skin can be developed in different strengths and / or the material can be worked up from the inside.
  • the shell or skin receives different, or targeted or desired, different mechanical properties.
  • the entire lower jaw - corresponding to the human lower jaw bone - can be formed by a fixed, naturally also already shaped, temple element, which is modeled after the original and which extends around the axis of the temporomandibular joint is pivotable and thus enables mouth opening and closing.
  • a corner of the mouth in the envelope which is to be led upwards for a serene expression, downwards for a sad mood, regardless of open or closed mouth, has to be firmly and punctually coupled to an internal structure which accomplishes this in order to master the effect in all its nuances.
  • the most suitable are logical-systematic, based on pre-formed anatomical structures of the template / original shape / oriented solutions as an example of the lower jaw.
  • the anchorages or the point fixum for these structures lie in the interior of the figure - on a central axis or other auxiliary constructions located inside.
  • the parts to be actuated inside, little levers etc. are connected via Bowden cables to elements which provide the force and which lie outside the figure, i. H. they are articulated with the Bowse cables or integrated into hydraulic mechanisms.
  • the Bowden cable sheath and core are each coupled to a motor or servo motor lying outside the figure or doll, which - coordinated in terms of force and deflection - causes the coupled inner structure to corresponding deflections.
  • Preconditions for differentiated mobility are the high number of individual controls, individual mobility e.g. close eyes, movement of the eyes up and down, to the rest and left, mouth opening etc. as well as the incorporation of these individual movements into the "total movement of the overall effect, the overall expression - to mention only a few points of view.
  • the invention is based on the object of enabling a close to life in an improved manner and reproducible figure mobility and movement. This object is achieved by the features of method claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the method result from the method subclaims 2-9, a device for carrying out the method is evident from the claims 10-12.
  • the sound is created based on the script in the listening studio. Namely, language or dialogues - taking into account the puppet show that will accompany it later - are created like for a radio play. Then the noises - especially promoters such as Thunder, bangs, etc. - added to enable the puppeteer to react appropriately.
  • music can also be added at this stage - if provided - in order to "animate” the puppeteer in his action.
  • the finished mixed sound which can be played by a sound carrier, forms the template for the play, which the puppeteer uses to direct the puppet's animation.
  • the puppets are guided "directly" once, ie the puppeteer carries - for example the hand puppet - on one hand and gives it physicality, rough shape and movement.
  • the "indirect animation” i.e. a movement is e.g. not symbolized and realized by the analog movement of fingers or hand itself, but by means of aids.
  • a large number of movement possibilities require a corresponding amount of such linear movement possibilities or channels with associated controllability and controllers.
  • the rules activated by the puppeteer - qualitatively and quantitatively - are saved as to how speech can be stored on a tape.
  • the computer reproduces the original controls in the channels and thus the original animation.
  • Figure 1 it can be seen that in the "recording" position, a tape 1 is connected to a encoder 2 / a arranged in the computer 2.
  • the - in the simplest case - two-track tape leads the entire sound on one track to a track composed of speech, noise and music.
  • the computer 2, or the encoder 2a which is connected, outputs a continuous code individually identifying each marking point on the second, previously empty track of the tape.
  • the computer also accepts these code marks in its memory 2c.
  • the signal which is digitized by an analog-digital converter 2b and which originates from the indirect, analog control 3 in the controller 5 and which moves the puppet 7, absolutely synchronously with the sound track, or the sound, on the identical signal Code, ie continuous code signals coupled as they were already recorded on the second audio track.
  • the code now gives the computer a clear and unmistakable assignment and assignability between each marked position on the game template, that is to say the sound, and the regulation implemented at that precise moment.
  • the direct movement of the doll 7 takes place by means of direct control 4, for. B. by hand.
  • Number 6 corresponds to the control track, number 10 the sum of all one-dimensional regulations which, together with the direct control from number 4, act on the system doll 7 and implement the "play" overall.
  • the coder 2a functions as a decoder
  • the analog-digital converter 2b as a digital-analog converter.
  • the magnetic tape 1 guides the code signals stored asolutely synchronous with the sound into the decoder during playback.
  • This code enables the computer to activate the digitized control and regulator information from the memory 2c provided with the identical code. After digital-analog conversion, these signals are fed back into control track 6.
  • the "sound game” is a template for the mechanical game or the entire course of action and secondarily for its storage.
  • the code not only corresponds to a constant time cycle, but also contains the identifier for any position on the game template, i.e. of the sound play. As a result, the code becomes more complex than a mere clock cycle. However, processing is facilitated by the time-linear and identical sequence of a scene and thus the storage sequence on the tape and / or on the memory assigned to the computer 2.
  • the tone provides the acoustic identification of a scene for the puppeteer.
  • the code enables the computer to assign and control the corresponding digitally stored signals.
  • the computer takes over the control in the previously saved channels after digital-analog conversion of the stored signals.
  • the control option by the puppeteer in the corresponding control lanes can be completely switched off.
  • the puppeteer no longer needs to control this channel.
  • analog regulation can also remain "dominant". I.e. when the controls or a controller is actuated by the puppeteer, this control takes place - when not activated, the stored, digital-to-analog converted pulses take over the control.
  • the puppet master's "quantitative-modifying" regulation can be maintained. That is, Reinforcement or reduction of the specified or saved regulations by the player, d. H. the player only regulates pre-existing regulations via "plus” and "minus".
  • the computer integrates the saved and current regulations and impulses for effective, effective regulation.
  • the method allows the subsequent - that is, if recordings have already been made and / or the overall recording "is" - to carry out correction of individual or multiple channels.
  • the computer - analogous to the chess computer - can independently generate entire behaviors and reactions.
  • the system as a whole can be optimized both quantitatively and qualitatively. From the completely hand-guided and currently situation-dependent and game-controlled behavior and expression to the completely computer-generated appearance of the puppet, all variants are possible - both in film, animation studies and on stage.
  • This system can of course not only be used in the animation of hand-guided puppets - hand puppets - but for puppets in the broadest sense.
  • the doll can also act without direct animation by a player.
  • the system and the method enable the computer-aided and controlled phenotypically "autonomous doll and figure".
  • the entire light of a production can be optimized analogously.
  • the method is not limited to hand puppets or puppets in general. It can also be used in puppet animation - as well as any production that works with effects that don't act autogenously - like the actor - but have to be controlled "from the outside”.

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
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Claims (12)

  1. Procédé permettant l'animation de marionnettes, et analogues, agencées de façon à pouvoir être déplacées au moyen d'un moteur, comportant les particularités suivantes :
    a) prévoir au moins une unité d'entraînement servant à entraîner une partie ou une section de la marionnette,
    b) prévoir un dispositif d'introduction de données/commande, agencé de façon à pouvoir être actionné manuellement et délivrant des signaux électriques de commande servant à commander la ou les unités d'entraînement,
    c) numériser les signaux de commande dans un convertisseur analogique-numérique,
    d) introduire les signaux de commande numérisés dans un processeur/ordinateur au moyen duquel on peut faire varier individuellement les signaux de commande ou les combiner entre eux de façon à former des seconds signaux de commande,
    e) prévoir un dispositif de mise en mémoire dans lequel les signaux de commande sont mis en mémoire et qui est agencé de façon à pouvoir délivrer les signaux de commande mis en mémoire à la ou aux unités d'entraînement,
    f) procéder à une conversion numérique-analogique des signaux de commande traités et transmettre à la ou aux unités d'entraînement,
    g) procéder, sur les signaux de commande provenant de la mémoire, à une superposition au moyen de deuxièmes signaux de commande produits manuellement d'une manère simultanée par l'animateur de la marionnette ou par un animateur de marionnette auxiliaire ou, en cas de besoin, au moyen de troisièmes signaux de commande appelés à partir d'un sous-programme mis au préalable en mémoire et superposés aux signaux de commande.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deuxièmes ou troisièmes signaux de commande permettent d'influer, plus précisémment en l'augmentant ou en la diminuant, sur l'intensité des signaux de commande mis en mémoire qui correspondent à un groupe d'unités d'entraînement qui peut être sélectionné.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la modification provoque un décalage de la position initiale de l'écart d'unités d'entraînement individuelles ou d'un groupe d'unités d'entraînement qui peut être sélectionné.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la modification provoque un allongement dans le temps et un ralentissement, ou un écrasement dans le temps et une accélération, des signaux de commande associés aux déroulements de mouvements individuels, ce qui permet d'obtenir respectivement un ralentissement ou une accélération des mouvements de la marionnette.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la modification des signaux de commande est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif d'introduction de données au moyen duquel le programme modifié peut être chargé dans des unités d'entraînement individuelles ou des groupes d'unités d'entraînement.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'exécution d'un enchaînement naturel de mouvements, il est prévu que, lorsqu'une valeur de signal de commande d'un canal de commande qui peut être fixée au préalable est franche vers le haut, les valeurs des signaux de commande d'au moins un deuxième canal de commande sont modifiées automatiquement.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la modification automatique est rangée dans le dispositif de mise en mémoire sous la forme d'un sous-programme pouvant être mis en service ou hors service.
  8. Procédé selon l'une de revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la totalité des signaux de commande peut être exprimée, d'une manière ordonnée en fonction des différents canaux, sous la forme d'un graphique d'ordinateur ou peut être visualisée sur un écran en vue de son traitement et le programme peut être traité par modification des graphiques, l'ordinateur prenant en charge le graphique définitif traité comme valeurs de données et séquences appropriées et formant, à partir de ces dernières, des séquences de régulation modifiées appropriées.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des types de mouvement de base, comme par exemple "marcher, s'asseoir, sauter" ou des mimiques de base, comme "joie, rires, tristesse, pleurs", sont mis en mémoire dans des sous-programmes sous forme de blocs de signaux de sous-commande et sont superposés, à des signaux de commode introduit manuellement et mis en mémoire, pour d'autres enchaînements de mouvements.
  10. Dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon les revendications 1 à 9, comprenant :
    - au moins une unité d'entraînement servant à entraîner une partie ou une section d'une marionnette,
    - un dispositif d'introduction de données/commande qui est agencé de façon à pouvoir être actionné manuellement et qui délivre des signaux électriques de commande servant à commander la ou les unités d'entraînement,
    - un processeur/ordinateur,
    - un dispositif de mise en mémoire raccordé à ce processeur/ordinateur et servant à mettre en mémoire des signaux de commande et à délivrer les signaux de commande mis en mémoire à la ou aux unités d'entraînement,
    - un dispositif de conversion numérique-analogique analogique-numérique servant à transformer des signaux de commande,
       caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif de superposition dans lequel des signaux de commande provenant de la mémoire (2c) font l'objet d'une superposition par des deuxièmes signaux de sous-commande qui soit sont produits manuellement au moyen du dispositif d'introduction de données (régulateur 5), soit peuvent être appelés à partir de sous-programmes mis en mémoire au préalable.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé de façon que plusieurs unités d'entraînement de plusieurs marionnettes peuvent être raccordées en même temps à ce dispositif.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé de façon que puissent lui être raccordés des appareils de sonorisation et de production de lumière qui sont agencés de façon à pouvoir être activés par l'intermédiaire de signaux de sonorisation/production de lumière mis en mémoire.
EP90104909A 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Procédé et agencement du circuit pour la réalisation de mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèle équivalents aux mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèles vivants par animation de genre-modèles à mouvements artificiels Expired - Lifetime EP0446395B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES90104909T ES2067581T3 (es) 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Procedimiento y disposicion de circuito para la realizacion de mimicas del tipo de figuras y de coreografias del tipo de figuras artificiales equivalentes a mimicas del tipo de figuras y coreografias del tipo de fig. vitales en animacion de tipos de fig. moviles artificialmente.
AT90104909T ATE114990T1 (de) 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur realisierung der mit vitalen gestalten- gattungsmimiken und gestalten-gattungs- choreographien gleichwertigen, künstlichen gestalten-gattungs-mimiken und gestalten-gattungs-choreographien bei der animation von künstlich bewegbaren gestalten-gattungen.
EP90104909A EP0446395B1 (fr) 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Procédé et agencement du circuit pour la réalisation de mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèle équivalents aux mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèles vivants par animation de genre-modèles à mouvements artificiels
DE59007939T DE59007939D1 (de) 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Realisierung der mit vitalen Gestalten-Gattungsmimiken und Gestalten-Gattungs-Choreographien gleichwertigen, künstlichen Gestalten-Gattungs-Mimiken und Gestalten-Gattungs-Choreographien bei der Animation von künstlich bewegbaren Gestalten-Gattungen.
AU74557/91A AU664826B2 (en) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Process and device for animating motor-driven puppets and the like
HU9202895A HU213826B (en) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Method for animating puppets or similar objects moved motorically and device for carrying out the method
PL91296084A PL167628B1 (en) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Method of and apparatus for animating puppets
CA002077540A CA2077540A1 (fr) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Methode et dispositif d'animation de marionnettes actionnees par moteur et autres objets semblables
SU915053189A RU2091112C1 (ru) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Способ анимации передвигающейся с помощью двигателя куклы и подобных изделий и устройство для его осуществления
PCT/DE1991/000231 WO1991013664A1 (fr) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Procede d'animation de poupees actionnees par moteur et similaires et dispositif pour l'execution du procede
US07/946,431 US5493185A (en) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Method for animating motor-driven puppets and the like and apparatus implementing the method
JP91505389A JPH05505538A (ja) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 電動式の人形等を動画化する方法及びこの方法を実施するための装置
CS91691A CZ285101B6 (cs) 1990-03-15 1991-03-15 Způsob animace motoricky pohybovaných loutek a podobně a zařízení k provádění způsobu
BG96866A BG60148B2 (en) 1990-03-15 1992-09-14 Method and device for animation of puppets driven by an electric motor
KR1019920702205A KR100192111B1 (ko) 1990-03-15 1992-09-14 모터로 구동되는 인형을 애니메이션하는 방법 및 장치
GR950400502T GR3015324T3 (en) 1990-03-15 1995-03-07 Procedure and circuit arrangement to realize mimics of genus-models and genus-model-choreographies equivalent to living genus-models and genus-model-choreographies through animating the genus-models by artificial movement.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90104909A EP0446395B1 (fr) 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Procédé et agencement du circuit pour la réalisation de mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèle équivalents aux mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèles vivants par animation de genre-modèles à mouvements artificiels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0446395A1 EP0446395A1 (fr) 1991-09-18
EP0446395B1 true EP0446395B1 (fr) 1994-12-07

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EP90104909A Expired - Lifetime EP0446395B1 (fr) 1990-03-15 1990-03-15 Procédé et agencement du circuit pour la réalisation de mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèle équivalents aux mimiques de genre-modèles et de choréographies de genre-modèles vivants par animation de genre-modèles à mouvements artificiels

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US5493185A (fr)
EP (1) EP0446395B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05505538A (fr)
KR (1) KR100192111B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE114990T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU664826B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG60148B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2077540A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ285101B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59007939D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2067581T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3015324T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU213826B (fr)
PL (1) PL167628B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2091112C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991013664A1 (fr)

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US6249278B1 (en) * 1997-01-07 2001-06-19 The Animated Animations Company Llc. Modular dynamic dialogue animated display device
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US9520069B2 (en) * 1999-11-30 2016-12-13 Leapfrog Enterprises, Inc. Method and system for providing content for learning appliances over an electronic communication medium
JP4332276B2 (ja) 2000-02-28 2009-09-16 株式会社センテクリエイションズ 表情変化装置
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Publication number Publication date
US5493185A (en) 1996-02-20
EP0446395A1 (fr) 1991-09-18
RU2091112C1 (ru) 1997-09-27
HU213826B (en) 1997-10-28
KR100192111B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
PL167628B1 (en) 1995-10-31
ES2067581T3 (es) 1995-04-01
BG60148B2 (en) 1993-11-30
AU7455791A (en) 1991-10-10
JPH05505538A (ja) 1993-08-19
HUT61905A (en) 1993-03-29
CZ285101B6 (cs) 1999-05-12
CS69191A3 (en) 1992-06-17
CA2077540A1 (fr) 1991-09-16
DE59007939D1 (de) 1995-01-19
GR3015324T3 (en) 1995-06-30
ATE114990T1 (de) 1994-12-15
WO1991013664A1 (fr) 1991-09-19
KR937000193A (ko) 1993-03-13
HU9202895D0 (en) 1992-12-28
AU664826B2 (en) 1995-12-07

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