Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
  • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
  • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
  • H01J37/32018—Glow discharge
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
  • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
  • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
  • H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
  • H01J37/32532—Electrodes
  • H01J37/32577—Electrical connecting means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
  • H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
  • H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
  • H01J2237/338—Changing chemical properties of treated surfaces
  • H01J2237/3385—Carburising

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for the glow treatment of metallic workpieces which are located on an electrically conductive charging plate, in particular a device for ion carburizing, in which the device for glow treatment has an oven which is located in an evacuable chamber and in the open interior of which at least one support for the charging plate is provided and a feed line for the electrical connection of the charging plate to a glow voltage opens out.
• the technology of ion carburizing has long been known and has already been described, for example, in DE-PS 668 639.
• the two electrodes of the glow voltage (anode and cathode) are arranged electrically insulated from the other parts of the device.
• the charging plate rests on two electrically insulating supports which are fastened to the bottom of the evacuable chamber. Between them there is a post insulator which is connected to an electrical feedthrough and can be connected to a voltage source for the glow voltage.
• the charging plate is also supported electrically insulated in the furnace, it is part of a trolley which can be moved into and out of the furnace space on electrically insulated rails. In its end position, it comes into contact with the lead for the electrical connection of the charging plate.
• a disadvantage of these known devices for glow treatment is that the charging plate is always supported in an electrically insulated manner as long as it is in the open interior. This means that the electrical insulators are exposed during the entire treatment process, i.e. not only during the actual glow treatment, so they can become dirty, sooty, etc., so that a flashover on one or the other insulator cannot be avoided after a certain time.
• Insulators for glow treatment are now known (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,221,972), in which soiling of the outer, exposed surface of the insulator is to be avoided by a large number of peripheral grooves and by splitting effect, also with these insulators
• the problems with plasma carburizing are even more serious than with plasma nitriding in that the treatment temperature in the furnace is in a range in which ceramic materials are usually already conductive.
• the insulators must therefore be arranged outside the furnace or be cooled, but this leads to additional problems.
• the previously known devices also have a decisive disadvantage which occurs when the charging plate is heated and when more than one post insulator is provided.
• the charging plate with the workpieces on it, is introduced into the evacuable chamber or into its furnace at ambient temperature. It is heated to a temperature of around 1000 ° C in the oven. As a result, it expands a lot. This in turn leads to a transverse load on the supports that support it.
• the charging plate including the workpieces located thereon, has a weight of, for example, one ton. This means that, depending on the design, each support must take on a load of several 100 kg. If the charging plate is thermally expanded, the described transverse load is added. It often leads to kinking, breaking or lateral cracking of the supports.
• a disadvantage of the devices of the type mentioned above is that the supports on the one hand electrically insulating, and for as long as possible, and on the other hand the mechanical loads, in particular transverse loads during the thermal expansion of the Charging plate and the later contraction must be grown.
• the normal ceramic materials are not up to these loads. Therefore, in the previously known devices, the insulating supports have to be replaced realtively frequently because they have been mechanically destroyed or are no longer electrically insulating. This leads to a longer interruption in the production process.
• the feed line is designed as at least one support insulator ending below the charging plate and that the at least one support or the at least one support insulator can be moved up and down, so that the charging plate either only on the support or only on the post insulator rests.
• the charging plate rests on the at least one support insulator only during the actual glow treatment; during the other treatment time, which is usually much longer than the time for the pure glow treatment, the charging plate is on the at least one support.
• This has the advantage that the supports themselves no longer have to be insulating and only have to be designed in such a way that they are able to withstand the mechanical loads, in particular the transverse forces during thermal expansion. Since the supports no longer have to be electrically insulated, the choice of material for the head regions of the supports which come into contact with the underside of the charging plate is free and a material can be used here or can use a construction which is insensitive to it Is transverse forces. In this way, supports can be constructed which practically never have to be replaced, and in any case do not become defective during normal operation.
• the post insulators themselves are only in contact with the char brought yaw plate when it is at the treatment temperature. They therefore do not have to absorb transverse forces, such as occur during thermal expansion, and are therefore not mechanically loaded in the transverse direction. As a result, the post insulators can be trained better and more specifically for their actual task of maintaining the insulation ability as long as possible. In the case of support insulators which can be moved up and down, there is also the advantage that the support insulators can be accommodated in a protected manner outside the glow treatment period, that is to say cannot be surface-contaminated by the processes taking place outside the glow treatment period.
• the invention thus makes it possible to significantly extend the service life of the supports and the support insulators and to avoid the fact that, as in the known devices, the supports and support insulators have to be replaced frequently, for example after one or a few batches. There is therefore no need for a break for the replacement of the supports and support insulators, and assembly time and material are also saved.
• the invention has the advantage that the failure of a support or a support insulator practically no longer occurs during the treatment of a batch.
• a particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that there is no longer any need to fear the termination of the treatment of a batch due to the failure of a support or a support insulator.
• the support insulators can be moved up and down and are in their lowest position in a protective jacket which protects them against contamination by gases and dusts in the evacuable chamber.
• the upper position When they are moved to the upper position, they come into contact with the lower surface of the charging plate in an intermediate position and lift it off the supports as it extends, so that the charging plate only rests on the supporting insulators. In this position they are outside of their coat, so that their insulating function is given, but contamination is possible, however, the contamination is limited to the duration of the glow treatment.
• the post insulators are located inside the tubular or cup-shaped supports.
• the supports rest on a bottom of the furnace or the evacuable chamber.
• the support insulators are completely enclosed by these tubular or cup-shaped supports and are therefore shielded. They are preferably not in contact with the support or the charging plate itself, so that they are not loaded by transverse forces. If the support insulators are raised, they take the cup-shaped supports with them, tubular supports, however, remain on the bottom of the furnace or chamber. The supports then no longer play a role, the charging plate rests exclusively on the support insulators.
• Fig. 1 shows a side view of a cross section through an oven in which the charging plate is in the lower position
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 1, but with the charging plate in the upper position, that is to say the position for glow treatment.
• an oven 22 Inside an evacuable chamber 20 there is an oven 22, the heating device of which is typically electrical, is not shown here. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is cubic. It has a bottom 24, its interior bears the reference numeral 26. In this interior there is a charging plate 28, on which there are only two workpieces 30 shown by way of example.
• a head region 32 of a support 34 engages upper position of the charging plate 28 is located directly below the outer surface of the bottom 24.
• the support 34 has a rod 40 which is part of a lifting device 42. The rod 40 and thus the entire support 34 can be moved up and down in the direction of the double arrow 44; in FIG. 1 it is in its upper position.
• Fig. 1 shows the state outside the glow treatment.
• the charging plate 28 with its workpieces 30 rests only on the one shown provided support 34, a total of at least three supports are provided.
• the post insulator 36 does not touch the charging plate 28, but has a clear distance from it, as shown in FIG. 1.
• the support insulator 36 is constructed according to the prior art, but it additionally has a spring 46 which acts in its axial direction and thus vertically and which supports its head region 48. As a result, it can be moved in the direction of the double arrow 50; in the illustration according to FIG. 1, the head region 48 is in its upper position since it is not loaded. It compresses downwards when loaded.
• a voltage source 52 for the glow treatment is provided, but this is not, as shown in FIG. 1, connected to the post insulator 36.
• the charging plate 28, including its workpieces 30, rests exclusively on the support insulator 36, since at least three support insulators 36 are provided, of which only one is shown in the figure, complete support is achieved.
• the lifting device 42 has been moved downward, in the course of this movement the charging plate 28 has lowered, as a result of which it initially came into contact with the head regions 48 of the support insulators 36.
• the springs 46 spring in such a way that all support insulators 36 are in contact with the underside of the charging plate 28.
• the supports 34 have been lowered to such an extent that their head regions 32 are located clearly below the charging plate 28.
• the movement stroke of the charging plate is shown in FIG. 1 with the reference numeral 54, it is only about half the stroke of the lifting device 42.
• the post insulator 36 is connected to the voltage source 52; the glow treatment can now be carried out.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Furnace Details (AREA)
• Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

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• 1989
  • 1989-08-17 US US07/654,637 patent/US5171369A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-08-17 WO PCT/DE1989/000540 patent/WO1990002414A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1989-08-17 EP EP89909164A patent/EP0437443A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-08-17 JP JP1508562A patent/JPH04500237A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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