EP0426906B1 - Composition détergente universelle adoucissante pour le linge - Google Patents

Composition détergente universelle adoucissante pour le linge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0426906B1
EP0426906B1 EP89202793A EP89202793A EP0426906B1 EP 0426906 B1 EP0426906 B1 EP 0426906B1 EP 89202793 A EP89202793 A EP 89202793A EP 89202793 A EP89202793 A EP 89202793A EP 0426906 B1 EP0426906 B1 EP 0426906B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fatty alcohol
higher fatty
carbon atoms
detergent composition
bentonite
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EP89202793A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0426906A1 (fr
Inventor
Hoai-Chau Cao
Marie-Christine Houben
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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Publication date
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Priority to DE68928569T priority Critical patent/DE68928569D1/de
Priority to EP89202793A priority patent/EP0426906B1/fr
Priority to ZA898441A priority patent/ZA898441B/xx
Priority to AT89202793T priority patent/ATE162849T1/de
Publication of EP0426906A1 publication Critical patent/EP0426906A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
    • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
    • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
    • C11D3/1266—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • C11D3/0015—Softening compositions liquid

Definitions

  • This application relates to heavy duty fabric softening laundry detergent compositions in liquid form, which include anionic and nonionic surfactants, a certain type of amphoteric surfactant, inorganic builder, bentonite and water. Also within the invention are processes for washing and softening laundry with such detergent compositions or with the components thereof, which washing results in unexpectedly improved cleaning and synergistic softening of the laundry.
  • Heavy duty built particulate synthetic organic laundry detergent compositions have been extensively marketed for at least the last fifty years, since shortly after synthetic organic detergents became commercially available and their advantages over soap-based detergent compositions were recognized.
  • GB-A-2 207 144 describes a heavy duty laundering and textile softening particulate detergent composition containing 1-15 wt.% of a nonionic surfactant, 0-15 wt.% of an anionic surfactant; 5-25 wt.% of a fabric softening clay e.g. bentonite; 10-75 wt.% of a builder for the surfactants; and 1-20 wt.% of an amphoteric surfactant of the specific type that is also used in the present invention.
  • Particulate solid state components of the detergent compositions are less likely to react with each other during even lengthy periods of storage than they are when such components are in liquid state, especially in aqueous media. Some materials precipitate out from solutions upon cooling or heating and others, which are not soluble in the liquid medium, and have to be emulsified, dispersed or suspended therein, tend to precipitate or to separate during storage. Thinning, gelation, degradation and decomposition are other problems that may be encountered when a product is in liquid state. Extensive research has been undertaken in efforts to make stable and effective liquid detergent compositions,and such research has yielded various significant advances in the art. Nevertheless, efforts to make better and more stable liquid detergent compositions are continuing and are being rewarded by beneficial discoveries, some of which might have been expected, but some of which were not predictable, as in the present invention.
  • Finely divided bentonite solids can deposit on the fibers of the laundry and lubricate them, making them feel soft.
  • bentonite especially swelling and/or gelling bentonite, sometimes referred to as sodium bentonite, may cause changes in product viscosity on storage, due to its swelling or gelling nature, can separate out from liquid detergents and can form gels.
  • EP-A-0 162 600 and EP-A-0 214 868 describe liquid detergent compositions containing the specific amphoteric surfactant that is used in accordance with the present invention.
  • GB-A-2 178 055 discloses the use of bentonite in a liquid detergent composition.
  • a heavy duty liquid fabric softening laundry detergent composition which is of improved fabric softening and cleaning properties, comprises 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric surfactant of the formula wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 2 is alkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, T is hydrogen or W, W is R 2 COOM, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium, x is 2 to 3 and y is 2 to 4, 2 to 15% of anionic surfactant being a higher alkyl ether sulfate which is a water soluble salt of ethoxylated higher fatty alcohol sulfuric acid in which the higher fatty alcohol is of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and is ethoxylated with 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol, 2 to 8% of nonionic surfactant, 10 to 25%
  • the anionic surfactants are water soluble salts, usually being alkali metal salts, such as those of sodium.
  • the nonionic surfactant is preferably a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 10 to 18 carbon atoms with 3 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol but other nonionics may be substituted.
  • the builder salt is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyphosphates, carbonates, silicates and borates, which are usually alkali metal salts, preferably sodium salts. Other useful detergents and builders will be mentioned later.
  • the invented liquid detergent compositions preferably also comprise enzyme, polyacrylate, higher fatty acid soap, enzyme stabilizer, e.g., dibasic acid-boric acid mixture, normally present as calcium salts of such acids, and fluorescent brightener (which is sometimes referred to as optical brightener), preferably of the distilbene type.
  • enzyme polyacrylate, higher fatty acid soap, enzyme stabilizer, e.g., dibasic acid-boric acid mixture, normally present as calcium salts of such acids, and fluorescent brightener (which is sometimes referred to as optical brightener), preferably of the distilbene type.
  • GB-A-2,132,629 discloses stable pourable liquid detergent compositions comprising sodium alkyl polyethoxy sulfate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium tripolyphosphate, bentonite and water.
  • GB-A-2,170,235 discloses a similar composition but also includes N-higher alkyl isostearamide as a fabric softener.
  • GB-A-2,178,055 describes a stabilized built liquid detergent composition similar to those previously mentioned but also including an enzyme and an enzyme stabilizing system.
  • nonionic and amphoteric detergents may also be present but the amphoteric surfactant specified as a component of the present invented compositions is not mentioned and no specific compositions with preferred nonionic detergents of the present specification are disclosed.
  • Dicarboxylic acids were disclosed in GB-A-2,178,055 as components of an enzyme-stabilizing system.
  • EP-A-0,162,600 describes the preferred amphoteric surfactant that is present in the liquid detergent compositions of the invention and teaches that such is a useful component of liquid detergents.
  • Synergism with nonionic surfactant was disclosed therein as accounting for improved cleaning noted but such synergism was attributed to the employment of two different types of amphoterics with the nonionic surfactant, rather than to a combination of the nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant in the compositions of the invention.
  • No anionic surfactants were described as components of the reference compositions (probably because anionic surfactants have interfered with the cleaning action of amphoteric surfactants, even in alkaline media) and no bentonite is present in the reference compositions. No mention is made in that reference of any synergism affecting the fabric softening capability of bentonite.
  • EP-A-0,214,868 describes the preferred amphoteric surfactant of the present invention and discloses it in a liquid detergent formula in which neither bentonite nor anionic surfactant is present.
  • amphoteric surfactants for their descriptions of the amphoteric surfactants and other components of the invented compositions, reference is made to the publications mentioned.
  • amphoteric surfactant which is of the formula wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably aliphatic, of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen, R 2 is alkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably methylene, T is hydrogen or W, preferably W, W is R 2 COOM, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium, such as lower alkanolammonium, e.g., triethanolammonium, x is 2 to 3 and y is 2 to 4.
  • R is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably aliphatic, of 8 to 20 carbon atoms
  • R 1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably hydrogen
  • R 2 is alkylene of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably methylene
  • T is hydrogen or W, preferably W, W is R 2 COOM
  • M is hydrogen
  • a preferred amphoteric surfactant is of the formula wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl, preferably fatty alkyl or fatty alkylene, of 16 to 18 carbon atoms, M is alkali metal, and y is 3 to 4. More preferably R is tallowalkyl (which is a mixture of stearyl, palmityl and oleyl in the proportions in which they occur in tallow), M is sodium and y is about 3.5, representing a mixture of about equal parts of the amphoteric surfactant wherein y is 3 and such amphoteric surfactant wherein y is 4.
  • R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl, preferably fatty alkyl or fatty alkylene, of 16 to 18 carbon atoms
  • M is alkali metal
  • y 3 to 4. More preferably R is tallowalkyl (which is a mixture of stearyl, palmityl and oleyl in the proportions in which they occur in tallow), M is sodium and
  • An operative anionic surfactant component of the invented liquid detergents is a water soluble salt of lower alkoxylated higher fatty alcohol sulfuric acid in which the higher fatty alcohol is of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18, e.g., 12.
  • the extent of alkoxylation will be such as to make the product water soluble and give it a desirable HLB number, such as that which results when 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide are present per mole of higher alcohol, e,g., lauryl.
  • the sulfate will be an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium salt, as was described for M in the formula of the amphoteric surfactant.
  • this anionic surfactant will be an alkali metal higher alkyl ether sulfate which is an alkali metal salt of ethoxylated higher fatty alcohol sulfuric acid in which the higher fatty alcohol is of 10 to 14 carbon atoms and is ethoxylated with 2 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of higher fatty alcohol. More preferably, in such anionic surfactant, the alkali metal is sodium, the higher fatty alcohol moiety is of about 12 carbon atoms and the ethoxy moiety is of about 3 ethoxy groups, which surfactant has been referred to as sodium lauryl ether sulfate.
  • nonionic surfactants may be used in the invented compositions but preferably such nonionic surfactant is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 10 to 13 carbon atoms with 3 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide or mixed lower alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide [EtO] and propylene oxide [PrO]) per mole of higher fatty alcohol.
  • such nonionic surfactant is a condensation product of a higher fatty alcohol of 12 to 16 carbon atoms with 3 to 13 moles of lower alkylene oxide per mole of higher fatty alcohol. More preferably the higher fatty alcohol moiety is of 12 to 15 carbon atoms and the ethoxy moiety is about 5 ethoxy groups.
  • foam control is a problem with a particular composition based on ethoxylated nonionic surfactant it has been found that employing a mixture of EtO and PrO in the nonionic surfactant helps to control foaming.
  • EtO is greater than that of PrO, such as in a C 14,15 alcohol-7 EtO, 4 PrO block copolymer condensation product.
  • the EtO content is sufficient to solubilize the nonionic detergent, the PrO controls foam, and the product is of a desirable HLB number.
  • the ethoxylate moiety may be of either BRE or NRE (broad range ethoxylate or narrow range ethoxylate) types. Effective detergent compositions result when BRE's are used but NRE formulas are as good or better, and liquid detergents based on NRE'S have been found to be better in detergency, especially against oily soils.
  • nonionic surfactants preferably detergents
  • detergents may be found in the text Surface Active Agents , Vol. II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch (Interscience Publishers, 1958), and in a series of annual publications entitled McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, for example, that which was issued in 1980.
  • nonionic detergents some others include block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (Pluronics®), mixed copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and condensation products of ethylene oxide and alkylphenols, such as condensation products of 3 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide with nonylphenol.
  • amphoteric surfactants there may be mentioned the alkyl ammonium sulfonic acid and the acylamidoammonium sulfonic acid betaines, imidazolines and derivatives thereof, polyethoxy aminoacid salts, and those surfactants known as Miranols®. Additionally, ampholytic and zwitterionic surfactants are sometimes employed, and cationic surfactants may be useful too, such as fatty amine ethoxylates and other cationics that may be present on the bentonite or complexed with it.
  • the built heavy duty liquid laundry detergent composition includes water soluble inorganic builder salts, which act to improve the detergency of the surfactant combination.
  • water soluble inorganic builder salts which act to improve the detergency of the surfactant combination.
  • phosphates particularly the polyphosphates, such as tripolyphosphates and pyrophosphates, but in those instances where laws or regulations prohibit phosphates from being included in detergents or limit the proportions thereof present in detergent compositions, non-phosphate builders may be substituted for the phosphates, either in whole or in part.
  • non-phosphate builders may be substituted for the phosphates, either in whole or in part.
  • carbonates including bicarbonates, silicates, including sesquisilicates, and borates, including borax.
  • the builder particles be finely divided, such as in particles of sizes less than No. 200, and often preferably less than No. 325, U.S. Sieve Series, when charged to the mixer with the liquid medium, so as to promote dispersion of any undissolved materials and so as to avoid settling out thereof.
  • the bentonite component of the present compositions is preferably a swelling or gelling bentonite because it has been found that such bentonites are better fabric softening agents than those which are non-swelling and non-gelling.
  • Wyoming and western bentonites which include substantial proportions of sodium bentonite, are among the better swelling bentonites but non-swelling bentonites may be treated with sodium carbonate or with other source of alkali metal to convert them to swelling type (by introducing sodium into the bentonite in place of heavier metals).
  • Such bentonites are also useful for the manufacture of the present compositions and often may be economically advantageous, especially for products to be marketed in Europe, because the cost of processing can be less than the expense of transportation of the bentonite from America.
  • Hi-Jel different types and grades of which are sold as Hi-Jels No's. 1-4; DK-129 (Georgia Kaolin Co.); Polarite KB 325 (American Colloid Co.); Laundrosil DG; Laviosa AGB; Winkelmann G-13; and Detercol P2.
  • bentonites used to make the liquid detergents of the present invention have been made and such analyses indicate that some useful bentonites may contain 64.8% to 73.0% of SiO 2 , 14 to 18% of Al 2 O 3 , 1.6 to 2.7% of MgO, 1.3 to 3.1% of CaO, 2.3 to 3.4% of Fe 2 O, 0.8 to 2.8% of Na 2 O and 0.4 to 7.0% of K 2 O.
  • the bentonite will desirably be of particle sizes that pass through a No. 200 sieve and preferably will pass through a No. 325 sieve (U.S. Sieve Series) when it is mixed with the other components of the liquid detergent in the liquid medium.
  • the last of the specified components of the invented composition is the liquid medium, in which the other components are dissolved, emulsified, coacervated, dispersed and/or suspended, so that the composition is substantially homogeneous and so that such homogeneity is maintainable during reasonable storage periods after manufacture and before use.
  • the medium for the present compositions is aqueous, although co-solvents, such as lower alkylene glycols, lower alkanols and polyoxy-lower alkanols, e.g., polyoxyethylene glycol, may also be employed, but the medium will be substantially aqueous, normally being over 50% water, preferably over 80%, more preferably over 95%, and in many instances being 100% of water, with any balance of such medium being other normally liquid solvent, such as ethanol or isopropanol. In the most preferred embodiments of the invention the liquid medium is all water.
  • various supplemental components or adjuvants may also be incorporated.
  • enzymes of various types including proteolytic, amylolytic, lipolytic, cellulytic and carbohydroxylytic enzymes, all of which are commercially available. Many enzymes lose enzymatic activity in aqueous media and therefore enzyme stabilizers are employed.
  • Some such materials include a source of calcium ion, such as calcium chloride or calcium hydroxide, boric acid, and various dicarboxylic acids, such as succinic, adipic and glutaric acids.
  • Polyacrylic acid and polyacrylates such as sodium polyacrylate of low molecular weight, such as 1,000-5,000, are useful deflocculants, assist in controlling the viscosity of the liquid detergent, and may help to improve cleaning by such detergent composition.
  • Higher aliphatic acids such as fatty acids of 10-18 carbon atoms, especially saturated fatty acids and soaps made from them, e.g., sodium hydrogenated coco soap, help to reduce excessive foaming of liquid detergents, which might otherwise result, due to the presence of anionic detergent therein.
  • anionic detergent therein.
  • many liquid detergents will be given an attractive color, often blue, by use of suitable dyes, and the products will usually be pleasantly perfumed.
  • the pH of the final product will desirably be in the range of 7 to 8, and pH adjusting chemicals, such as acids, bases and buffers, may be employed to obtain the optimum pH.
  • pH adjusting chemicals such as acids, bases and buffers
  • Sodium hydroxide solution may be utilized as an alkaline pH adjusting agent, in addition to its desirable function of in situ neutralizing any acidic materials that may be present.
  • Fluorescent or optical brighteners such as the well-known substantive stilbene brighteners, e.g., Tinopal® 5BM Conc., Tinopal LMS-X and Blancophors, are also useful components of the liquid detergent compositions and help to give washed laundry a brighter appearance.
  • adjuvants that have been employed in liquid detergent compositions may also be incorporated in the present products, including: anti-redepotion agents, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; suspension stabilizing agents, including acrylic-maleic copolymers; soil release promoters, such as copolymers of polyethylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene terephthalate, e.g., Alkaril® QCJ; buffers, such as sodium propionate; ultraviolet absorbers; sequestrants, such as ethylene diamine tetraacetates; anti-oxidants; and antistatic agents, such as N-higher alkyl isostearamides and N-higher alkyl neodecanamides.
  • anti-redepotion agents such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose
  • suspension stabilizing agents including acrylic-maleic copolymers
  • soil release promoters such as copolymers of polyethylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene ter
  • the proportions of the various components of the invented liquid detergent compositions will be such as to result in an effective detersive and fabric softening composition of desired physical properties (stability, viscosity, pH and aesthetic properties).
  • the total proportion of surfactant components will be a detersive proportion
  • that of builder will be a building proportion
  • that of bentonite will be a fabric softening proportion
  • that of the aqueous medium for such will be a dissolving and suspending proportion.
  • the proportion of amphoteric surfactant will be in the range of 0.5 to 5% and preferably being 1.5 to 4%.
  • the anionic surfactant content will usually be in the range of 2 to 15% and preferably 3 to 10%, while the corresponding ranges for the nonionic surfactant are 2 to 8% and 2 to 5%.
  • the water soluble inorganic builder content is normally maintained in the range of 10 to 25% and preferably 10 to 20%. It is preferred for detergent compositions containing phosphate builders that the proportion of such builder(s) therein should be in the range of 10 to 25% and preferably 10 to 20%.
  • the water soluble builder is completely soluble in the wash water at normal use concentrations, part is essentially suspended in the liquid detergent composition because the amount present is in excess of that which is soluble in the liquid medium.
  • the bentonite content will be in the range of 4 to 15%, and preferably being 7 to 13%.
  • the aqueous medium preferaby water, will constitute 40 to 75% thereof.
  • the percentage of polyacrylate will normally be in the range of 0.1 to 2% and preferably is in the range of 0.2 to 1%; the proportion of higher fatty acid soap is normally in the range of 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3%, and the total of dibasic acids of 4 to 6 carbon atoms is also 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3%.
  • Such percentages for the fatty acid soap and the dibasic acids are on the bases of the acidic forms thereof, although it is recognized that in alkaline media the neutralized or ionic forms may be present.
  • the proportions given herein apply to the mixture of three dibasic acids (succinic, glutaric and adipic acids), whether they are present the 1:1.6:1 proportion preferred or in other proportions within the ranges of 1:1-3:0.5-2, which are also acceptable.
  • Proportions of other components of the composition are in the ranges of 0.01 to 1% of enzyme, preferably proteolytic, on an active component basis, that corresponds to 0.1 to 2%, preferably 0.2 to 1% on the basis of the enzyme as supplied (with carrier), which ranges are those referred to herein, including the claims; 0.1 to 0.5% of a source of calcium ion, preferably 0.2 to 0.4%; 1 to 3% of boric acid (or borax), preferably 1.5 to 2.5%; and 0.05 to 0.5% of stilbene optical brightener, preferably 0.2 to 0.4%, which is on the basis of the product being supplied by the manufacturer.
  • the proportion of enzyme stabilizers which include a source of calcium ion, boric acid and dicarboxylic acids, may be in the range of 0.3 to 5 or 6%.
  • Neutralizing agent such as alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and lower alkanolamine, may be present in sufficient proportion to produce a desired pH, such as one in the range of 6.5 to 10.5.
  • Percentages of perfume and colorant can be conventional and are both usually less than 2%, with colorant often being less than 0.1%.
  • the total percentage of other adjuvants which may be present in the invented liquid detergent compositions will normally be relatively small, usually being less than 10% of the composition, preferably less than 5% thereof and often being less than 2%, e.g., 0%.
  • a portion of the aqueous medium may be added to a mixing vessel and the surfactant components may be mixed therewith in any suitable order, such as anionic, nonionic and amphoteric detergents, followed by higher fatty acid and mixed dicarboxylic acids and neutralizing agent, such as sodium hydroxide solution.
  • sodium tripolyphosphate and/or other builders may be added, followed by polyacrylate, enzyme and enzyme stabilizer(s). Bentonite may be pre-mixed with another portion of the water or may be added directly to the composition, sometimes with additional water, after which the balance of the water, brightener, dye and perfume may be admixed.
  • other components of the detergent composition When other components of the detergent composition are also employed they may be added to the mixer at appropriate times and the various orders of addition may be modified to make them appropriate to the types of products being made and to the types of equipment being used.
  • the heavy duty liquid detergent compositions produced are primarily intended for use in automatic washing machines, for the washing of mixed soiled family laundry that will largely be of cotton and cotton/polyester blend fabrics.
  • the wash water may be of any hardness, and good performance will be obtained, but usually the range of hardnesses will be 0 to 400 p.p.m., as calcium carbonate.
  • the washing temperature may be in the range of 10 to 90°C. and in many European washing operations it will be in the range of 30 to 90°C., (for energy savings the high limit of this range may be kept to 60°C.) and the concentration of the liquid laundry detergent will be in the range of 0.1 to 3%, preferably being 1 to 2% for European washing.
  • the invented softergent is found to be a very satisfactory competitive softergent product and is rated high against successful commercial liquids of such type. It is satisfactorily stable for over six months at room temperature, without settling out of components, and the enzyme(s) component(s) is/are still effective after such storage.
  • it is found to be of unexpectedly improved cleaning power, especially against cotton/polyester blend laundry, despite the fact that the total detergent concentration was increased in the "control” so as to be greater than in the "experimental” formula.
  • Such result is apparently due to its combination of anionic and nonionic surfactants with the described amphoteric surfactant, in the present compositions, which also contain bentonite.
  • the blend of surfactants results in better whitening of soiled laundry than would be expected from a knowledge of detersive characteristics of the individual components of the blend, which is indicative of synergism between such components in the described compositions. Even more unexpected is the improvement in fabric softening of the invented composition, which is attributed to synergism between the amphoteric surfactant and the bentonite, in such compositions, with the fabric softening action of the invented compositions being surprisingly better than that for similar compositions that do not contain the amphoteric surfactant.
  • Alcosperse® 149 (40% sodium polyacrylate) 0.60 Sodium tripolyphosphate 15.00 Distilbene-type fluorescent brightener (Tinopal® LMS-X) 0.30 Calcium chloride 0.20 Coco fatty acid 1.50 Nonionic surfactant 3.00 Amphoteric surfactant 3.75 Anionic surfactant 5.00 Sodium hydroxide (50% aqueous solution) 1.20 Bentonite (Laundrosil® DG, supplied by Süd Chemie) 11.00 Boric acid 2.00 Dibasic acid mixture 2.00 Acilan blue dye (1% aqueous solution) 0.002 Perfume 1.00 Proteolytic enzyme (solids basis) 0.50 Preservative (Kathon TM 886) 0.0015 Water q.s. 100.0
  • the liquid softergent of this example may be made by the manufacturing process that was previously described.
  • the product is an attractive blue opaque liquid, of a viscosity of about 2.0 N ⁇ sec/m 2 (2,000 cps.) at 25°C., and of a pH of about 7.2, in which the various components are dissolved and/or dispersed.
  • the product is acceptably stable and it will be of a shelf life of at least six months, during which period it will not gel objectionably, its components will not separate and the enzyme component will retain its activity. In the event of any minor separations after longer storage times the product may readily be made homogeneous again by gentle shaking.
  • an equivalent proportion of calcium hydroxide may be substituted, for the calcium chloride, boric acid may be replaced by borax, and the final pH of the product may be in the range of 7.2 to 7.5 (which produces a wash water pH in the range of 8.6 to 8.8 at 1.5% concentration, by weight, of the liquid detergent composition in the wash water.
  • the modified product is of essentially the same properties as the unmodified product.
  • a composition like that of Example 1 is made by the procedure described therein but the formula is changed, with amphoteric surfactant being omitted, with the proportion of anionic surfactant being doubled and with the proportion of water charged being adjusted accordingly.
  • the increase in anionic surfactant content is effected so that comparative testings of the products of Examples 1 and 2 would not be weighted against the control, due to its having a lower total surfactant content.
  • the control formula now includes more surfactant than the experimental, on an experimental surfactant content weight basis, so such comparative testing is weighted against the invented composition instead.
  • Example 1 was tested against the control of Example 2 and against a market leading commercial liquid laundry detergent composition, for whitening and softening of washed laundry.
  • a mini-washing machine was employed (Miniwascator) and the tests were repeated three and six times, using the same test samples, to simulate repeated launderings of family wash.
  • the temperature of the wash water in these tests was maintained at 60°C.
  • the hardness of the wash water was about 200 p.p.m., as CaCO 3
  • the concentration of the liquid detergent in the wash water was 1.5% (by weight).
  • Normal wash and rinse cycles were utilized and the laundry was dried in a normal drying cycle (for the material) in an automatic laundry dryer.
  • the materials washed were of cotton and cotton/polyester blends (35/65).
  • Example 1 The cotton test swatches washed with the experimental, control and commercial products were also evaluated for softness by panels of experienced observers, and measures of comparative softnesses were determined by regression analysis. It was thus established that the experimental (or invented) product of Example 1 was better than that of Example 2 in softening cotton test swatches and such swatches (washed with the composition of Example 1) were much softer than swatches washed with the commercial liquid detergent. Such improvements in softening resulted after one, three and six washing-drying cycles, with the improvements after multiple cycles being greater than those after a single cycle treatment, and being considered to be significant
  • Another such beneficial phenomenon is the noted improved stability of the enzyme on storage of the present compositions, compared to conventional liquid detergent, in which the surfactant is primarily anionic.
  • the invented compositions are better removers of biological stains than the control and the commercial liquid detergent.
  • Yet another improvement in product properties is the raising of the cloud point of the nonionic surfactant by the present amphoteric surfactant in these formulas, even in the presence of electrolytes, such as are in the product.
  • Component Percent, by weight Sodium C 12-14 alcohol ethoxylate sulfate (containing 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole) 8.70
  • Nonionic surfactant condensation product of one mole of C 13-15 fatty alcohol with seven moles of ethylene oxide and four moles of propylene oxide per mole 2.50
  • Amphoteric surfactant (Ampholak 7TX) 1.80 Coco fatty acid (stripped) 1.50
  • Dibasic acid mixture Sokalan DCS 2.00
  • Dye 0.002 Preservative (Kathon 886) 0/0015 Fluorescent brightener (Tinopal LMS-X) 0.30 Water q.s. 100.00
  • the liquid detergent of the above formula is made by mixing together the following components, in the order given. First, ten parts of tap water are added to a suitable mixing vessel, followed by 0.3 part of the fluorescent brightener and 0.1 part of calcium hydroxide. Then a first pre-mix, comprising 1.5 parts of a coco fatty acid and 1.5 parts of the nonionic detergent are admixed with the brightener-calcium hydroxide solution and 0.1 part of sodium hydroxide, as a 49% aqueous solution, is added, followed by the rest of the water component of the product, 15 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.4 part of sodium polyacrylate. A second pre-mix is then admixed.
  • the anionic detergent in a 28% aqueous solution
  • 2 parts of the diacid mixture one part of the nonionic detergent, one part of perfume
  • 0.1 part of calcium hydroxide three parts of granular borax, 0.7 part of sodium hydroxide (in a 50% aqueous solution), 0.002 part of blue dye (CI 61585) and 0.002 part of preservative (as 14% aqueous solution).
  • 1.8 parts of the amphoteric surfactant 0.6 part of Alcalase 2.5LDX and 0.6 part of sodium polyacrylate (in Alcosperse 149, a 40% active product) are admixed.
  • the alkaline materials e.g., NaOH and Ca(OH) 2
  • the liquid softergent resulting is of a viscosity of about 2.0 N ⁇ sec/m 2 (2,000 centipoises) at 25°C. and the pH thereof is in the range of 7.2 to 7.5.
  • the various components are dissolved, emulsified and/or dispersed in it and it is physically stable, without separation for at least six months, and the enzyme component thereof is still active after that time.
  • the product exhibits essentially the same improved properties with respect to controls as does the product of Example 1, but sometimes to a slightly lesser degree. However, it is a more economical variation of that initial formula.
  • compositions of Examples 1 and 4 are modified by replacing 1/3 of the sodium tripolyphosphate with a mixture of equal parts of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate and the product resulting is of essentially the same physical characteristics and will have similarly improved detersive and fabric softening properties.
  • the anionic detergent is replaced by sodium lauryl alcohol sulfate, and/or sodium linear tridecylbenzene sulfonate, when the nonionic surfactant is replaced with a condensation product of C 12,13 alcohol and 7 EtO's/ mole and when the bentonite employed is Wyoming or western bentonite, such as that sold under the tradename Hi-Jel No.
  • Example 1 is a carbonate-treated bentonite, such as Laviosa AGB. Also, similar products are obtainable when the enzyme employed is a mixture of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes or when the Alcalase® 2.5L is replaced by Maxatase®, which is supplied by Gist-Brocades, Delft, Netherlands. In another variation of the Example 1 formula the 15% of sodium tripolyphosphate is replaced by 4% of sodium carbonate and 11% of Zeolite A to make a non-phosphate formula, which also is superior in cleaning and softening to its control.
  • the enzyme employed is a mixture of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes or when the Alcalase® 2.5L is replaced by Maxatase®, which is supplied by Gist-Brocades, Delft, Netherlands.
  • the 15% of sodium tripolyphosphate is replaced by 4% of sodium carbonate and 11% of Zeolite A to make a non-phosphate formula, which also is superior in cleaning and softening to its control.
  • liquid softergents within the present invention are made by varying the proportions of the components of the formula of Example 1 ⁇ 10% and ⁇ 20%, while maintaining such proportions within the ranges set forth in this specification, and such proportions may be similarly modified with respect to the other formulas of the invented compositions that are mentioned in these examples.
  • the products resulting will also be of a desired physical and performance characteristics.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Composition détergente universelle adoucissante pour le linge dotée de propriétés adoucissantes et lavantes améliorées vis-à-vis du linge qui comprend :
    0,5 à 5 % d'un tensioactif amphotère de formule R-[N(T)-[CHR1]x]y-N(T)-W dans laquelle R est un groupement hydrocarbyle de 8 à 20 atomes de carbone, R1 est un hydrogène ou un groupement alkyle de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, R2 est un groupement alkylène de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, T est un hydrogène ou W, W est R2COOM, M est un hydrogène, un métal alcalin, un métal alcalino-terreux, un ammonium ou un ammonium substitué, x varie de 2 à 3 et y varie de 2 à 4 ;
    2 à 15 % d'un tensioactif anionique, représenté par un alkyle éther sulfate à chaíne longue qui est un sel hydrosoluble de l'acide sulfurique avec un alcool gras à chaíne longue éthoxylé dans lequel l'alcool gras à chaíne longue est de 8 à 20 atomes de carbone et est éthoxylé à raison de 2 à 6 moles d'oxyde d'éthylène par mole d'alcool gras
    2 à 8 % en tensioactif non ionique ;
    10 à 25 % d'un sel d'adjuvant de détergence inorganique hydrosoluble ;
    4 à 15 % de bentonite ; et
    40 à 75 % d'un milieu aqueux, avec l'ensemble des pourcentages étant exprimé en poids ;
    ladite composition ayant un pH variant de 7 à 8 et une viscosité variant de 1,5 à 2,5 N.sec/m2 (1 500 à 2 500 cps) à 25°C.
  2. Composition détergente selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle le tensioactif non ionique est un produit de condensation d'un alcool gras à chaíne longue de 10 à 18 atomes de carbone avec 3 à 15 moles d'oxyde éthylène par mole d'alcool gras, le sel d'adjuvant de détergence inorganique hydrosoluble est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en polyphosphates, carbonates, silicates et borates, et le milieu aqueux est l'eau.
  3. Composition détergente universelle selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le tensioactif amphotère a la formule R-[N(CH2COOM)-CH2CH2CH2]y-N(CH2COOM)-CH2COOM dans laquelle R est un groupement hydrocarbyle de 16 à 18 atomes de carbone, M est un métal alcalin et y varie de 3 à 4, le tensioactif anionique est un alkyle éther sulfate à longue chaíne d'un métal alcalin qui est un sel de métal alcalin de l'acide sulfurique avec un alcool gras à chaíne longue éthoxylé dans lequel l'alcool gras à chaíne longue comprend 10 à 14 atomes de carbone et est éthoxylé avec 2 à 4 moles d'oxyde éthylène par moles d'alcool gras à chaíne longue, le tensioactif non ionique est un produit de condensation d'un alcool gras à chaíne longue de 2 à 16 atomes de carbone avec 3 à 13 moles d'oxyde d'éthylène par mole d'alcool gras à chaíne longue, et le sel d'adjuvant de détergence inorganique hydrosoluble comprend le polyphosphate d'un métal alcalin.
  4. Composition détergente universelle selon la revendication 3 dans laquelle, dans la formule du tensioactif amphotère, R représente un alkyle gras, M est un atome de sodium et y est 3,5, dans le tensioactif anionique le métal alcalin est du sodium, la partie alcool acide gras à chaíne longue est de 12 atomes et la partie éthoxy est de 3 groupes éthoxy, dans le tensioactif non ionique la partie alcool gras à chaíne longue est de 12 à 15 atomes de carbone et la partie éthoxy est de 5 groupements éthoxy, le sel d'adjuvant de détergence inorganique hydrosoluble est le tripolyphosphate de sodium et la bentonite est une bentonite gonflable, et les pourcentages en poids desdits composés dans la composition sont de 1,5 à 4 % en tensioactif amphotère, 3 à 10 % en tensioactif anionique, 2 à 5 % en tensioactif non ionique, 10 à 20 % en sel d'adjuvant de détergence et 7 à 13 % en bétonique gonflante.
  5. Composition détergente universelle selon la revendication 4 qui comprend de 0,01 à 1 % d'une enzyme sélectionnée parmi le groupe consistant en des enzymes amylolytiques et protéolytiques et leurs mélanges et une proportion stabilisante d'une combinaison d'agents stabilisants pour cette ou ces enzymes, laquelle combinaison stabilisante comprend, par rapport à la composition détergente 0,1 à 0,5 % d'un composé à ions calcium, 1 à 3 % d'acide borique ou de borax, et 0,5 à 5 % d'un mélange d'acides dibasiques de 4 à 6 atomes de carbone chacun.
  6. Composition détergente universelle selon la revendication 5 qui comprend 0,1 à 2 % de polyacrylate et 0,5 à 5 % d'un savon d'acide gras à chaíne longue.
  7. Procédé pour laver et adoucir le linge, qui comprend les polyesters et/ou le coton et/ou les tissus à base d'un mélange de polyester et de coton, qui comprend le lavage du linge dans une eau de lavage d'une dureté variant entre 0 à 400 p.p.m., sous forme de carbonate de calcium, à une température variant de 10 à 90°C, avec une concentration variant de 0,1 à 3 % dans l'eau de lavage, d'une composition détergente selon la revendication 1.
EP89202793A 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Composition détergente universelle adoucissante pour le linge Expired - Lifetime EP0426906B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE68928569T DE68928569D1 (de) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Weichmachende Vollwaschmittelzusammensetzung für Wäsche
EP89202793A EP0426906B1 (fr) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Composition détergente universelle adoucissante pour le linge
ZA898441A ZA898441B (en) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Heavy duty fabric softening laundry detergent compositions
AT89202793T ATE162849T1 (de) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Weichmachende vollwaschmittelzusammensetzung für wäsche

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89202793A EP0426906B1 (fr) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Composition détergente universelle adoucissante pour le linge

Publications (2)

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EP0426906A1 EP0426906A1 (fr) 1991-05-15
EP0426906B1 true EP0426906B1 (fr) 1998-01-28

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7371718B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2008-05-13 The Dial Corporation Liquid fabric softener
DE102009045644A1 (de) * 2009-10-13 2011-04-14 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Reinigungsmittel mit Bentoniten
CN113583757A (zh) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-02 湖北天喜达生物科技有限公司 一种喷雾型洗涤剂
CN115477980A (zh) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-16 广州摩亚方舟贸易有限公司 一种具有去血渍作用的组合物及其制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0162600A1 (fr) * 1984-04-25 1985-11-27 Eric Graham Fishlock-Lomax Compositions de nettoyage
EP0214868A2 (fr) * 1985-09-10 1987-03-18 Berol Nobel Ab Agents tensioactifs à utilisation dans des compositions de nettoyage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3011550A1 (de) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-01 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Fluessige reinigungsmittel
SE468518B (sv) * 1985-07-26 1993-02-01 Colgate Palmolive Co Stabiliserad textilmjukgoerande enzyminnehaallande foerstaerkt flytande detergentkomposition och dess anvaendning vid tvaett av textilier
GB2207144B (en) * 1987-06-23 1991-07-31 Camille Simon Limited Detergent compositions

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0162600A1 (fr) * 1984-04-25 1985-11-27 Eric Graham Fishlock-Lomax Compositions de nettoyage
EP0214868A2 (fr) * 1985-09-10 1987-03-18 Berol Nobel Ab Agents tensioactifs à utilisation dans des compositions de nettoyage

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DE68928569D1 (de) 1998-03-05
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