EP0417679B1 - Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne - Google Patents

Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0417679B1
EP0417679B1 EP19900117354 EP90117354A EP0417679B1 EP 0417679 B1 EP0417679 B1 EP 0417679B1 EP 19900117354 EP19900117354 EP 19900117354 EP 90117354 A EP90117354 A EP 90117354A EP 0417679 B1 EP0417679 B1 EP 0417679B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
outputs
sources
switch
amplifiers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900117354
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0417679A1 (de
Inventor
Trevor C/O Sospi Jones
Antoine C/O Sospi Roederer
Régis Lenormand
Gérard Raguenet
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0417679A1 publication Critical patent/EP0417679A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multibeam antenna orientable by low level switching.
  • a work entitled "space telecommunications" of the technical and scientific collection of telecommunications in particular in its volume I pages 92 to 94 and pages 259 to 261 describes on the one hand the fact of grouping several antennas, fed simultaneously by the same transmitter with the interposition of power dividers and phase shifters, the radiation characteristics of this group depending both on the diagram of each antenna and on the distribution of powers in amplitude and phase. This property is used to obtain a diagram which could not be obtained with a single radiating source. If, in addition, the characteristics of the power dividers and phase shifters are modified by electronic means, it is possible to obtain an almost instantaneous modification of the diagram.
  • the simplest grouping of radiating sources is the network, in which all the sources are identical and are deduced from each other by any translation. One can thus realize rectilinear or planar networks.
  • the illumination system of the reflector is generally off-center with respect to the latter so as to avoid any blockage of the radiating opening and to facilitate installation on the platform in the case of a spatial application.
  • the main reflector is for example a paraboloid.
  • Movable beams are in fact the combination of elementary beams, obtained by placing a set of illumination sources in the vicinity of the focal point, each source corresponding to an elementary beam.
  • This antenna can be reconfigured in a conventional manner by means of a beam forming network (BFN in English) placed before the amplification stage and a switching network placed after the amplification stage.
  • BFN beam forming network
  • This BFN makes it possible to adjust the phases and amplitudes of the signals from the elementary sources before amplification, and the sources contributing to each beam are selected by the switching network located between the amplification stage and the elementary sources. It is therefore a high level (amplified) switching, which selects the amplified signals which will actually be supplied to the radiating sources. Conversely, certain amplified signals will not be supplied to the radiating sources, resulting in a loss of effective efficiency of the assembly, since we will have amplified signals which will not contribute to the radiated fields.
  • the invention overcomes this problem.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an orientable antenna with low level switching which makes it possible to solve these various problems which can operate with very good overall efficiency of the antenna + amplifier subsystem regardless of the number of users; number may be low, for example less than five.
  • the invention proposes a multibeam antenna which can be oriented by switching comprising a reflector (10) focusing energy, a network (11) of elementary sources located in the focal zone of the reflector so as to synthesize the electromagnetic field in this focal zone, electronics comprising an amplification stage (16) with m inputs and m outputs, and at least one switch, characterized in that the coverage area is produced by m spots each corresponding to a defined number of active elementary sources, in that that the switch is a low level switch (Ci) placed before the amplifiers, in that the number of outputs of the switch is the same as the number m of inputs of the amplification stage (16), and in that the defined number of sources which produce the desired spot is connected exclusively to one of the outputs of the amplification stage (16), so that an input (Ei) is connected to one of the m outputs.
  • a reflector 10) focusing energy
  • a network (11) of elementary sources located in the focal zone of the reflector so as to synthesize the electromagnetic field in this focal zone
  • the invention Compared to mechanical solutions, the invention has the advantage of not requiring movement of the source or the reflector. It allows the use of weak focal lengths (antenna compact), and to provide several simultaneous connections.
  • the antenna of the invention represented in FIG. 1, comprises an eccentric parabolic reflector 10 supplied by a planar network 11 of sources located in the vicinity of the focal point F of the reflector, the network 12 representing the network of virtual sources, corresponding to this network 11.
  • FIG. 2 gives an example of several amplitude distributions during displacements in two directions OX and OY at the level of the network 11 of sources.
  • the diameters of the disks carried in FIG. 2 represent the amplitude of the signal received by the various sources of the network.
  • the antenna directivity performance is defined by the level of coverage of the spots.
  • the amplification stage 16 comprises a first and a second generalized couplers 17 and 18 respectively formed from a combination of couplers hybrids 21 on either side of amplifiers 19, respectively associated with a filter 20, so that each input of the first coupler 17 is distributed over all the amplifiers 19 and therefore over all the outputs of the hybrid couplers of the first generalized coupler 18.
  • the amplifiers 19 thus have a constant input power and can thus operate at their nominal capacity.
  • a signal applied to the first input for example, amplified spring on the first output. So if a signal is applied to one of the inputs of rank i for example, to the corresponding output (of rank i) the signal will be amplified by all the amplifiers and no other output will receive a signal: Indeed a signal injected into the one of the input gates of a generalized coupler is divided into n components of equal amplitude, at the level of the n outputs, if and only if, no signal being coherent to it, is injected at another input.
  • the inputs can be split using at least one second switch Ci, the combination of the signals being effected on each input Ei of the amplification stage 16, by means of couplers known from the skilled in the art and not shown.
  • the coverage to be produced has been divided into m zones.
  • a group of sources from the primary network of the antenna radiates a beam SPi.
  • each of the sources contributes to the radiation of a single beam SPi.
  • the level of overlap between beams, defined at the border of the zones, is subject to the optimization of the excitation coefficients of the sources.
  • the antenna thus defined corresponds to a given coverage, m independent access. It follows that an amplifier stage, including generalized couplers with m inputs / outputs makes it possible to use the m amplifiers 19 optimally (constant input load) whatever the spot SPi considered.
  • a signal is radiated in any direction of coverage by the addressing of said input signal from the amplification stage 16 which corresponds to the area containing this direction.
  • the m amplifiers 19 are dimensioned to obtain the radiated power required.
  • the extension to multi-user operation (p users) is achieved by grouping by coupling p connection circuits Ci.
  • This grouping is done using low level techniques.
  • the amplifiers are dimensioned as a function of the sum of the powers to be radiated.

Claims (3)

  1. Durch Umschaltung ausrichtbare Mehrkeulenantenne, die einen die Energie fokussierenden Reflektor (10), ein Netz (11) von in der Brennzone des Reflektors liegenden Elementarquellen, um die Synthese des elektromagnetischen Felds in dieser Brennzone zu bewirken, eine Elektronik, die eine Verstärkungsstufe (16) mit m Eingängen und m Ausgängen besitzt, und mindestens einen Schalter aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überdekkungszone mittels m Spots realisiert wird, die je einer definierten Anzahl von aktiven Elementarquellen entsprechen, daß der Schalter ein Schalter auf niedrigem Pegel (Ci) ist, der vor den Verstärkern liegt, daß die Anzahl der Ausgänge des Schalters die gleiche wie die Anzahl (m) von Eingängen der Verstärkungsstufe (16) ist und daß die definierte Anzahl von Quellen, die den gewünschten Spot realisieren, ausschließlich mit einem der Ausgänge der Verstärkungsstufe (16) verbunden ist, so daß ein Eingang (Ei) mit einem der m Ausgänge verbunden ist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstärkungsstufe (16) einen ersten und einen zweiten generalisierten Koppler (17 und 18) aufweist, die zu beiden Seiten von m parallel angeordneten Verstärkern (19) liegen, wobei ein Filter (20) in Reihe mit jedem Verstärker (19) angeordnet ist.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste und der zweite generalisierte Koppler (17 und 18) je aus einer Gruppe von Hybridkopplern (21) bestehen, derart, daß jeder Eingang des ersten Kopplers (17) auf alle Verstärker (19) verteilt ist und damit auf alle Ausgänge der Hybridkoppler des ersten generalisierten Kopplers (17), während der zweite generalisierte Koppler (18) eine zum ersten inverse Struktur besitzt.
EP19900117354 1989-09-13 1990-09-10 Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP0417679B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8911967A FR2651927B1 (fr) 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 Antenne multifaisceaux orientable par commutation bas niveau.
FR8911967 1989-09-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0417679A1 EP0417679A1 (de) 1991-03-20
EP0417679B1 true EP0417679B1 (de) 1994-11-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900117354 Expired - Lifetime EP0417679B1 (de) 1989-09-13 1990-09-10 Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0417679B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03110905A (de)
CA (1) CA2025154A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69013831T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2651927B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2811480B1 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2006-09-08 Cit Alcatel Antenne de telecommunication destinee a couvrir une large zone terrestre

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1367467A (en) * 1971-03-26 1974-09-18 Marconi Co Ltd Switching systems
JPS6178213A (ja) * 1984-09-25 1986-04-21 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 電力増幅装置
GB8721188D0 (en) * 1987-09-09 1988-04-27 Era Patents Ltd Networks for antenna arrays
FR2628896B1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1990-11-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne a reconfiguration electronique en emission
FR2628895B1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1990-11-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne a balayage electronique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03110905A (ja) 1991-05-10
DE69013831D1 (de) 1994-12-08
EP0417679A1 (de) 1991-03-20
FR2651927A1 (fr) 1991-03-15
FR2651927B1 (fr) 1991-12-13
DE69013831T2 (de) 1995-03-23
CA2025154A1 (fr) 1991-03-14

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