EP0417679A1 - Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne - Google Patents

Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0417679A1
EP0417679A1 EP90117354A EP90117354A EP0417679A1 EP 0417679 A1 EP0417679 A1 EP 0417679A1 EP 90117354 A EP90117354 A EP 90117354A EP 90117354 A EP90117354 A EP 90117354A EP 0417679 A1 EP0417679 A1 EP 0417679A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
reflector
network
generalized
outputs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90117354A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0417679B1 (de
Inventor
Trevor C/O Sospi Jones
Antoine C/O Sospi Roederer
Régis Lenormand
Gérard Raguenet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Espace Industries SA filed Critical Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Publication of EP0417679A1 publication Critical patent/EP0417679A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multibeam antenna orientable by low level switching.
  • a work entitled "space telecommunications" of the technical and scientific collection of telecommunications in particular in its volume I pages 92 to 94 and pages 259 to 261 describes on the one hand the fact of grouping several antennas, fed simultaneously by the same transmitter with the interposition of power dividers and phase shifters, the radiation characteristics of this group depending both on the diagram of each antenna and on the distribution of powers in amplitude and phase. This property is used to obtain a diagram which could not be obtained with a single radiating source. If, in addition, the characteristics of the power dividers and phase shifters are modified by electronic means, it is possible to obtain an almost instantaneous modification of the diagram.
  • the simplest grouping of radiating sources is the network, in which all the sources are identical and are deduced from each other by any translation. One can thus realize rectilinear or planar networks.
  • the illumination system of the reflector is generally off-center with respect to the latter so as to avoid any blockage of the radiating opening and to facilitate installation on the platform in the case of a spatial application.
  • the main reflector is for example a paraboloid.
  • the mobile beams are in fact the combination of elementary beams, obtained by placing a set of sources of illumination in the vicinity of the focal point, each source corresponding to an elementary beam.
  • the illumination is not geometrically perfect and there are phase aberrations which slightly degrade the radiation performance, therefore decreases in gain compared to the values achievable at home. These degradations are all the more important that you move away from the focal point and that the curvature of the reflector is large. Reflectors must therefore be made as "flat” as possible, that is to say with a focal distance to high aperture diameter ratio. This leads to structures of large dimensions which pose problems of precision and mechanical strength.
  • the configuration of these large antennas must also take into account several system aspects: - satellite volume limitation, linked to the need for an antenna to transmit and receive simultaneously; - compatibility of an easy mechanical arrangement on the platform, and on the launcher before and during operation; - good thermal control; - possible multiplicity of missions and users.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a low-level switching orientable antenna which makes it possible to solve these various problems which can operate with very good overall efficiency of the antenna + amplifier subsystem regardless of the number of users; number may be small, for example less than five.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose a multibeam antenna orientable by low level switching comprising a reflector focusing energy, a network of elementary sources, located in the focal zone of the reflector so as to carry out the synthesis of the electromagnetic field in this focal zone and electronics comprising an amplification stage with m inputs and m outputs, characterized in that the coverage area is produced by m spots, each corresponding to a defined number of active elementary sources, and in that the electronics comprise at least a low level switch enabling an input to be connected to one of the f outputs.
  • the invention Compared to mechanical solutions, the invention has the advantage of not requiring movement of the source or the reflector. It allows the use of weak focal lengths (antenna compact), and to provide several simultaneous connections.
  • the advantages compared to a direct radiation network solution are as follows: - The performance of the antenna is not directly linked to the total size of the network; - The installation is not necessarily on the earth face of the satellite.
  • the proposed solution Compared to an imaging network solution with a single reflector, the proposed solution has the following advantages: - the overall dimension of the network is reduced; - the antenna efficiency is improved.
  • the antenna of the invention shown in FIG. 1, comprises an eccentric parabolic reflector 10 supplied by a planar network 11 of sources located in the vicinity of the focal point F of the reflector, the network 12 representing the network of virtual sources, corresponding to this network 11.
  • FIG. 2 gives an example of several amplitude distributions during displacements in two directions OX and OY at the level of the network 11 of sources.
  • the diameters of the disks carried in FIG. 2 represent the amplitude of the signal received by the various sources of the network.
  • the antenna directivity performance is defined by the level of coverage of the spots.
  • the antenna of the invention is provided for a number m of spots, a determined number of radiating elements or sources corresponding to each spot; all the radiating elements, corresponding to a given spot operating non-simultaneously.
  • An embodiment of electronics of such an antenna according to the invention comprises: . a switch, or "switch", low level C1 making it possible to connect the input E to one of the groups of radiating elements corresponding to a spot SPi; . an amplification stage 16 with m inputs and m outputs comprising a first and a second generalized couplers 17 and 18 arranged on either side of m amplifiers 19 arranged in parallel; m filters 20 being arranged at the output of these amplifiers 19.
  • the amplification stage 16 comprises a first and a second generalized couplers 17 and 18 respectively formed from a combination of couplers hybrids 21 on either side of amplifiers 19, respectively associated with a filter 20, so that each input of the first coupler 17 is distributed over all the amplifiers 19 and therefore over all the outputs of the hybrid couplers of the first generalized coupler 18.
  • the amplifiers 19 thus have a constant input power and can thus operate at their nominal capacity.
  • a signal applied to the first input for example, spring amplified on the first output. So if a signal is applied to one of the inputs of rank i for example, to the corresponding output (of rank i) the signal will be amplified by all the amplifiers and no other output will receive a signal: Indeed a signal injected into the one of the input gates of a generalized coupler is divided into n components of equal amplitude, at the level of the n outputs, if and only if, no signal being coherent to it, is injected at another input.
  • the inputs can be split using at least one second switch Ci, the combination of the signals being effected on each input Ei of the amplification stage 16, by means of couplers known from the skilled in the art and not shown.
  • the coverage to be produced has been divided into m zones.
  • a group of sources from the primary network of the antenna radiates a beam SPi.
  • each of the sources contributes to the radiation of a single beam SPi.
  • the level of overlap between beams, defined at the border of the zones, is subject to the optimization of the excitation coefficients of the sources.
  • the antenna thus defined corresponds to a given coverage, m independent access. It follows that an amplifier stage, including generalized couplers with m inputs / outputs makes it possible to use the m amplifiers 19 optimally (constant input load) whatever the spot SPi considered.
  • a signal is radiated in any direction of coverage by the addressing of said input signal from the amplification stage 16 which corresponds to the area containing this direction.
  • the m amplifiers 19 are dimensioned to obtain the radiated power required.
  • the extension to multi-user operation (p users) is achieved by grouping by coupling p connection circuits Ci.
  • This grouping is done using low level techniques.
  • the amplifiers are dimensioned as a function of the sum of the powers to be radiated.
EP19900117354 1989-09-13 1990-09-10 Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP0417679B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8911967A FR2651927B1 (fr) 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 Antenne multifaisceaux orientable par commutation bas niveau.
FR8911967 1989-09-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0417679A1 true EP0417679A1 (de) 1991-03-20
EP0417679B1 EP0417679B1 (de) 1994-11-02

Family

ID=9385412

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900117354 Expired - Lifetime EP0417679B1 (de) 1989-09-13 1990-09-10 Durch niedrige Schaltrate steuerbare Mehrkeulenantenne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0417679B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03110905A (de)
CA (1) CA2025154A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69013831T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2651927B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2811480B1 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2006-09-08 Cit Alcatel Antenne de telecommunication destinee a couvrir une large zone terrestre

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3740756A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-06-19 Marconi Co Ltd Switching system for plural antennas connected to plural inputs
FR2570883A1 (fr) * 1984-09-25 1986-03-28 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Dispositif d'amplification de puissance
GB2209629A (en) * 1987-09-09 1989-05-17 Era Patents Ltd Networks for antenna arrays
EP0333166A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-20 Alcatel Espace Elektronisch wiederkonfigurierbare Sendeantenne
EP0340429A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-11-08 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3740756A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-06-19 Marconi Co Ltd Switching system for plural antennas connected to plural inputs
FR2570883A1 (fr) * 1984-09-25 1986-03-28 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Dispositif d'amplification de puissance
GB2209629A (en) * 1987-09-09 1989-05-17 Era Patents Ltd Networks for antenna arrays
EP0333166A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-20 Alcatel Espace Elektronisch wiederkonfigurierbare Sendeantenne
EP0340429A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-11-08 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS 1985 vol. 3, 23 juin 1985, CHICAGO,ILLINOIS pages 1299 - 1305; S.V.PAREKH et.al.: "Active Antennas For Satellite Communications" *
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION vol. II, 06 juin 1988, Syracuse,NY pages 506 - 509; R.Lenormand et.al.: "A Versatile Array Fed Reflector Antenna for Satellite Communications Part B - Transmission" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2025154A1 (fr) 1991-03-14
JPH03110905A (ja) 1991-05-10
FR2651927A1 (fr) 1991-03-15
DE69013831T2 (de) 1995-03-23
EP0417679B1 (de) 1994-11-02
FR2651927B1 (fr) 1991-12-13
DE69013831D1 (de) 1994-12-08

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