GB2209629A - Networks for antenna arrays - Google Patents
Networks for antenna arrays Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2209629A GB2209629A GB8821026A GB8821026A GB2209629A GB 2209629 A GB2209629 A GB 2209629A GB 8821026 A GB8821026 A GB 8821026A GB 8821026 A GB8821026 A GB 8821026A GB 2209629 A GB2209629 A GB 2209629A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- input
- row
- hybrids
- ports
- hybrid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
In its simplest form a matrix network has four input ports (1, 2, 3, 4) and four output ports and includes two rows of hybrids (21, 22, 31, 32). Each hybrid has a first and a second input port and a first and a second output port. An input signal fed to one of the input ports results in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of the input ports results in signals of equal magnitude but 180 DEG out of phase. The first output port of the first hybrid (21) in the first row is directly connected to the corresponding first input port of the first hybrid (31) in the second row. The second output port of the first hybrid (21) in the first row is connected to the first input port of the second hybrid (32) in the second row. The first output port of the second hybrid (22) in the first row is connected to the second input port of the first hybrid (31) in the second row, and the second output port of the second hybrid (22) in the first row is directly connected to the second input port of the second hybrid (32) in the second row. More hybrids arranged in more rows may be provided and connected up in an analogous way. Such matrix networks may be used as beam steering or beam forming arrays. <IMAGE>
Description
Networks For Antenna Arrays
Networks for multiple antenna arrays have conventionally had the form of a Butler matrix, The basic structure of a Butler matrix is illustrated and described in US-A-3255450. A Butler matrix is used in the network which feeds a signal to multiple antennas arranged in a linear, planar, conformal, cylindrical or circular array to provide directional beam steering through selective phasing of signals from the multiple antennas. A Butler matrix can also be used as part of a network to process signals received from multiple antennas to provide required directionality for the antenna array.
A typical Butler matrix has N input and N output ports where N is 2n and n is an integer and includes n rows of hybrids interspersed by (n-l) rows of fixed and frequency invariant phase shifters. A signal introduced at an input port produces, at the output ports signals that have equal magnitudes but different phase. The phases between adjacent ports are equal and successively incremental so that a constant phase gradient is obtained across the output ports for each input signal. The hybrids have two inputs and two outputs and are typically 90 or 180 hybrids so that an input signal fed to one of the input ports results in signals of equal magnitude but 90 or 180 phase difference, respectively at the output ports.When Butler matrices incorporate 180 hybrids they produce total phase shifts that are multiples of 2s across the output ports. These total phase shifts are called phase modes. Butler matrices with 180 hybrids produce phase modes of order 0, +1, +2, +3, ...+(N/2-1) and N/2, A detailed discussion of the design procedures for Butler matrices is given in an article entitled "Simplified Design Procedures for Butler Matrices
Incorporating 90 Hybrids or 180 Hybrids" by Thereza Macnamara in TEE Proceedings, Vol. 134 PT.H, No.1 February 1987.
Butler matrices are particularly useful in the operation of multi-mode arrays in which multiple inputs of the matrix are driven simultaneously to provide a multi-mode output from its output ports simultaneously.
Multi-mode arrays use all of the phase modes apart from the N/2th mode simultaneously. Assuming an amplitude of
A at each of the output ports of the matrix for the zero order phase mode, and taking the phase variation for the first order phase mode to be +, the voltage across the output ports for the first order positive phase mode is Aexp(,). The resultant voltage variation across the output ports of the matrix when all of the modes, excluding the N/2 mode, are excited is given by:
R = A{1+exp(j#)+exp(-j#)+exp(j2#)+exp(-j2#)...
exp (-i [N/2-li w which reduces to:
R = A{1-2cos#+2cos2#+2cos3#...2cos(2lN/2-1]#)} This has a maximum value of A(N-l), when *=0 for all of the modes at output port 1.
The number of phase shifters required in a standard
Butler matrix is equal to:
k=(n-l) z N/2 - 2k 1 k=l where k is the row number of the phase shifters. This is equal to:
(N/2) (n-2) + 1.
For a 32 x 32 matrix for instance forty-nine phase shifters are required and, in addition to the phase shifters seventy-nine compensating lengths of connection have to be provided to establish a zero relative phase.
For a 64 x 64 matrix the number of phase shifters increases to one hundred and twenty-nine.
Commercially available 1800 hybrids have bandwidths of up to 6.5 octaves at lower frequencies but phase shifters which are required to have a frequency invariance over the operating bandwidth have a very narrow bandwidth in comparison. This is a significant limitation to the design of matrix feed networks. Indeed in an article entitled "Circular Arrays: Their Properties
And Potential Applications" by D.E.N. Davies given at the 1981 IEE Conference on Propagation and Antennas it was made clear that the potential applications of circular array antennas has been limited, mainly due to the difficulties associated with wide band operation and the complications in the design of matrix feed networks.
Davies also commented on the fact that the extension of the concept to large arrays coupled with medium or wide band operation looks difficult until some solution is found to the design of wide band matrix networks for large numbers of elements.
According to a first aspect of this invention a matrix network has four input ports and four output ports and includes two rows of hybrids each hybrid having a first and a second input port and a first and a second output port, an input signal fed to one of the input ports resulting in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of the input ports resulting in signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, the input ports of the hybrids in the first row forming the four input ports of the matrix and the output ports in the second row of hybrids forming the four output ports of the matrix, the first output port of the first hybrid in the first row being directly connected to the corresponding first input port of the first hybrid in the second row, the second output port of the first hybrid in the first row being connected to the first input port of the second hybrid in the second row, the first output port of the second hybrid in the first row being connected to the second input port of the first hybrid in the second row, and the second output port of the second hybrid in the first row being directly connected to the second input port of the second hybrid in the second row.
According to a second aspect of this invention a matrix network comprises N input ports and N output ports, where N is 2n and n is an integer, n rows of hybrids, each hybrid having a first and a second input port and a first and second output port, an input signal fed to one of input ports resulting in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of input ports resulting in signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, the input ports of the hybrids in the first row of hybrids forming the N input ports of the matrix and the output ports of the last row of hybrids forming the N output ports of the matrix, the first output ports of the one half of the penultimate row of hybrids being directly connected to the first input ports of corresponding hybrids in the said one half of the last row, the second output ports of the other half of the penultimate row of hybrids being directly connected to the second input ports of corresponding hybrids in the said other half of the last row, the second output ports of the hybrids in the said one half of the penultimate row being directly connected to the first input ports of the hybrids in the said other half of the last row, and the first input ports of the hybrids in the said other half of the penultimate row being directly connected to the second input ports of the hybrids in the said one half of the last row, and if n is greater than two, the first output ports of the hybrids in the first and third quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the first input ports of the corresponding hybrids in the first and third quarters of the penultimate row, the second output ports of the hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the second inputs of the corresponding hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the penultimate row, the second output ports of the hybrids in the first and third quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the first inputs of the hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the penultimate row, and the first output ports of the hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the second input ports of the hybrids in the first and third quarters of the penultimate row of hybrids, and so on for any remaining rows.
According to a third aspect of this invention a matrix network comprises N input ports and N output ports, where N is 2n and n is an integer, n rows of hybrids, each hybrid having a first and a second input port and a first and a second output port, an input signal fed to one of the input ports resulting in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of the input ports resulting in signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, adjacent rows of hybrids being connected together in a similar fashion to a Butler matrix except that the output ports of each row are directly connected to the input ports of the following row with no phase shifters interspersed between adjacent rows.
Taking as an example the case of an 8 x 8 matrix for multi-mode operation, the phase modes used are 0, +1, +2 and +3. The matrix in accordance with this invention uses the same number of hybrids and produces the same excitation at its output ports as the conventional Butler matrix. However, it uses no fixed phase shifters at all and can therefore be made broad band. In the case of the present invention the unused input port would be port number 4 where in the case of the Butler matrix the unused port would be port number 7. Even without the (Nn/2-1) compensating components for zero relative phase, a multi-mode Butler matrix feed network of order N uses (N/2) (n-2)+1 components more than the equivalent matrix in accordance with the present invention.For example, for a large matrix of the order of 128 x 128 a Butler matrix would require three hundred and twenty-one more phase shifters and thus more components than the present invention. Thus, firstly, the matrix includes very many fewer components and therefore is simpler in design and more reliable and, in addition, has a very broad bandwidth compared to conventional Butler matrix.
When each hybrid is of a first type the input signal fed to the first input port of each hybrid produces output signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports. When the network in accordance with this invention includes hybrids of the first type it is arranged to provide a beam forming matrix. Alternatively, when each hybrid is of a second type the input to the second of the input ports of each hybrid produces the signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports. When the network in accordance with this invention includes hybrids of the second type it is arranged to produce a beam steering network.
Typically the input ports of a beam forming matrix in accordance with this invention are connected to the output ports of a beam steering matrix in accordance with this invention. In this case the input ports of the beam steering matrix are coupled to a single pole N throw switch to couple an input to particular inputs of the beam steering matrix. The output ports of the beam forming matrix are typically connected to antennas arranged in an array and produce the required directional characteristics of the antenna system. By switching sequentially from one input to the next on the beam steering matrix it is possible to sweep the directional characteristics of the antenna system over the elements of a linear array or a circular array.
Particular examples of matrices in accordance with this invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the hybrid circuits used in the matrix;
Figure 2 is a diagram of an 8 x 8 matrix;
Figure 3 is a graph showing the resultant voltage across the output ports for the 8 x 8 beam forming matrix;
Figure 4 is a diagram of a beam scanning network using two 4 x 4 matrices;
Figure 5 is a graph showing the resultant voltage across the output ports for the 4 x 4 matrix;
Figure 6 is an 8 x 8 beam forming and beam steering matrix;
Figure 7 is a 16 x 16 beam forming and beam steering matrix; and,
Figure 8 is a 32 x 32 beam forming and beam steering matrix.
Figure 1 illustrates the operation of a standard 1800 hybrid and illustrates that in a first type of hybrid which is indicated by an arrow pointing from bottom left to top right as shown in Figure 1 an input into the first input port 1 results in outputs from first and second output ports 2 and 3 which are equal in magnitude but 1800 out of phase. An input into the second input port 4 results in an output which is equal in magnitude and equal in phase from the two output ports 2 and 3. A second type of hybrid, not shown in Figure 1 but used in the beam steering matrices illustrated in the other Figures is indicated by an arrow pointing from bottom right to top left as shown in the Figures.In this hybrid it is the input to the second input port 4 which results in outputs from ports 2 and 3 which are 1800 out of phase whereas the input to the first input port 1, results in outputs which are equal in amplitude and phase from the output ports 2 and 3.
Figure 2 shows an 8 x 8 matrix in accordance with this invention which provides a similar excitation of output ports using zero and +1, +2, +3 phase modes as a conventional 8 x 8 Butler matrix. This matrix uses hybrids of the first type arranged in three rows with four hybrids in each row. Hybrids 21, 22, 23 and 24 in the first row are connected to the hybrids 31, 32, 33 and 34 in a second row by the first output of hybrid 21 being directly connected to the first input of hybrid 31, the second output of hybrid 22 being directly connected to the second input of hybrid 32, the first output of hybrid 23 being directly connected to the first input of hybrid 33 and the second output of hybrid 24 being directly connected to the second input of hybrid 34. The second output of hybrid 21 is directly connected to the first input of hybrid 32 and the first output of hybrid 22 is directly connected to the second input of hybrid 31. The second output of hybrid 23 is directly connected to the first input of hybrid 34 and the first output of hybrid 24 is directly connected to the second input of hybrid 33. The hybrids in the second row 31, 32, 33 and 34 are connected to the hybrids in the third row 41, 42, 43 and 44 by the first output of hybrid 31 being directly connected to the first input of hybrid 41, the first output of hybrid 32 being directly connected to the first input of hybrid 42, the second output of hybrid 33 being directly connected to the second input of hybrid 43 and the second output of hybrid 34 being directly connected tq the second input of hybrid 44.The second output of hybrid 31 is connected to the first input of hybrid 43 and the second output of hybrid 32 is connected to the first input of hybrid 44, the first output of hybrid 33 is connected to the second input of hybrid 41 and the first output of hybrid 34 is directly connected to the second input of hybrid 42. Figure 3 illustrates the output that is produced by such a matrix and illustrates the resultant voltage across the output ports 1 to 8 of the 8 x 8 matrix when plus and minus phase modes 1, 2 and 3 are excited with the zero order phase mode.
The feed network shown in Figure 4 comprises a beam forming matrix 50 and a beam steering matrix 60. The beam forming matrix comprises four of the first type of hybrid circuits 51, 52, 53 and 54 connected so that the first output of the hybrid 51 is connected directly to the first input of the hybrid 53, the second output of the hybrid 51 is connected directly to the first input of the hybrid 54, the first output of the hybrid 52 is connected directly to the second input of the hybrid 53 and the second output of the hybrid 52 is connected directly to the second input of the hybrid 54. The electrical path length of the interconnections between the hybrids 51,52,53 and 54 are all equal.The first output of the hybrid 53 is connected to antenna 71, the second output of the hybrid 53 is connected to antenna 72, the first output of hybrid 54 is connected to antenna 73 and the fourth output of hybrid 54 is connected to antenna 74. The second input to hybrid 51 is terminated an impedance matched termination but the first input to the hybrid 51 and the first and second inputs to the hybrid 52 are all connected to the beam steering matrix 60.
The beam steering matrix 60 comprises hybrid circuits 61, 62, 63 and 64 of the second type with the first output of the hybrid 61 being directly connected to the first input of the hybrid 63, the second output of the hybrid 61 being directly connected to the first input of the hybrid 64, the first output of the hybrid 62 being directly connected to the second input of the hybrid 63 and the second output of the hybrid 62 being directly connected to the second input of the hybrid 64. The first output of the hybrid 63 is directly connected to the first input of the hybrid 51, the first output of the hybrid 64 is directly connected to the first input of the hybrid 52 and the second output of the hybrid 64 is connected directly to the second input of the hybrid 52.
The second output of the hybrid 63 is also terminated by a matched impedance termination. The inputs of the hybrids 61 and 62 are connected to a single pole four throw matched switch 90 which is in turn connected to a single radio frequency input.
The combination of beam forming matrix 50 and beam steering matrix 60 produces, when an RF input is provided to the first input of hybrid 61 an output as illustrated in Figure 5. Thus the first output port of hybrid 53 has a relative voltage of 3, the second output port of hybrid 53 a relative voltage of 1, the first output port of hybrid 54 a relative voltage of -1 representing the fact that it is 1800 out of phase and the second output port or hybrid 54 a relative voltage of 1. As the RF input is switched in the switch 90 to switch it from the first input of the beam steering matrix to the second input and so on the output from the beam forming matrix 50 is switched so that the maximum appears in sequence on the antennas 71, 72, 73 and 74.This causes the output from the array to be swept successively as the RF input is fed sequentially via the switch 90 to the input ports of the beam steering matrix 60.
Figure 6 is similar to Figure 4 showing both the beam forming matrix and the beam steering matrix with each formed by a 8 x 8 matrix. Note, in these circumstances it is the fourth output of the beam steering matrix and the fourth input of the beam forming matrix which are terminated by matched impedances.
Figure 7 illustrates a combined beam forming and beam steering matrix each using a 16 x 16 matrix. Note that in this case it is the eighth output of the beam steering matrix and the eighth input of the beam forming matrix which are terminated by matched impedances.
Finally Figure 8 shows a combined beam forming and beam steering matrix each using a 32 x 32 matrix. In this case it is the sixteenth output port of the beam steering matrix and sixteenth input port of the beam forming matrix which are terminated by matched impedances.
Claims (8)
1. A matrix network having four input ports and four output ports and including two rows of hybrids each hybrid having a first and a second input port and a first and a second output port, an input signal fed to one of the input ports resulting in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of the input ports resulting in signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, the input ports of the hybrids in the first row forming the four input ports of the matrix and the output ports in the second row of hybrids forming the four output ports of the matrix, the first output port of the first hybrid in the first row being directly connected to the corresponding first input port of the first hybrid in the second row, the second output port of the first hybrid in the first row being connected to the first input port of the second hybrid in the second row, the first output port of the second hybrid in the first row being connected to the second input port of the first hybrid in the second row, and the second output port of the second hybrid in the first row being directly connected to the second input port of the second hybrid in the second row.
2. A matrix network comprising N input ports and N output ports, where N is 2n and n is an integer, n rows of hybrids, each hybrid having a first and a second input port and a first and second output port, an input signal fed to one of input ports resulting in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of input ports resulting in signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, the input ports of the hybrids in the first row of hybrids forming the N input ports of the matrix and the output ports of the last row of hybrids forming the N output ports of the matrix, the first output ports of the one half of the penultimate row of hybrids being directly connected to the first input ports of corresponding hybrids in the said one half of the last row, the second output ports of the other half of the penultimate row of hybrids being directly connected to the second input ports of corresponding hybrids in the said other half of the last row, the second output ports of the hybrids in the said one half of the penultimate row being directly connected to the first input ports of the hybrids in the said other half of the last row, and the first input ports of the hybrids in the said other half of the penultimate row being directly connected to the second input ports of the hybrids in the said one half of the last row, and if n is greater than two, the first output ports of the hybrids in the first and third quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the first input ports of the corresponding hybrids in the first and third quarters of the penultimate row, the second output ports of the hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the second inputs of the corresponding hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the penultimate row, the second output ports of the hybrids in the first and third quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the first inputs of the hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the penultimate row, and the first output ports of the hybrids in the second and fourth quarters of the antepenultimate row being directly connected to the second input ports of the hybrids in the first and third quarters of the penultimate row of hybrids, and so on for any remaining rows.
3. A matrix network comprises N input ports and N n output ports, where N is 2 and n is an integer, n rows of hybrids, each hybrid having a first and a second input port and a first and a second output port, an input signal fed to one of the input ports resulting in identical signals at the first and second output ports and an input signal fed to the other of the input ports resulting in signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, adjacent rows of hybrids being connected together in a similar fashion to a Butler matrix except that the output ports of each row are directly connected to the input ports of the following row with no phase shifters interspersed between adjacent rows.
4. A matrix network according to any one of the preceding claims, in which each hybrid is of a first type in which the input signal fed to the first input port of each hybrid produces output signals of equal mangitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, and in which the network is arranged to provide a beam forming matrix.
5. A matrix network according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which each hybrid is of a second type in which the input to the second of the input ports of each hybrid produces the signals of equal magnitude but 1800 out of phase at the first and second output ports, and in which the network is arranged to produce a beam steering network.
6. A matrix network in which the input ports of a beam forming matrix in accordance with claim 4 are connected to the output ports of a beam steering matrix in accordance with claim 5.
7. A matrix network according to claim 6, in which the input ports of the beam steering matrix are coupled to a single pole N throw switch to couple an input to particular inputs of the beam steering matrix, and in which the output ports of the beam forming matrix are connected to antennas arranged in an array.
8. A matrix network substantially as described with reference to. the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878721188A GB8721188D0 (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1987-09-09 | Networks for antenna arrays |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8821026D0 GB8821026D0 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| GB2209629A true GB2209629A (en) | 1989-05-17 |
Family
ID=10623504
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878721188A Pending GB8721188D0 (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1987-09-09 | Networks for antenna arrays |
| GB8821026A Withdrawn GB2209629A (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1988-09-07 | Networks for antenna arrays |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878721188A Pending GB8721188D0 (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1987-09-09 | Networks for antenna arrays |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8721188D0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2651927A1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-03-15 | Alcatel Espace | MULTIFUNCER ANTENNA ORIENTABLE BY LOW LEVEL SWITCHING. |
| FR2652452A1 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-03-29 | Europ Agence Spatiale | DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING A MULTI-BEAM ANTENNA. |
| GB2279504A (en) * | 1993-06-19 | 1995-01-04 | Mercury Personal Communication | Antenna system |
| WO1997023017A1 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna assembly and associated method for radio communication device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1557977A (en) * | 1975-12-22 | 1979-12-19 | Motorola Inc | Interleaved antenna array for use in a multiple input antenna system |
| US4213132A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1980-07-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Antenna system with multiple frequency inputs |
| EP0056205A1 (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1982-07-21 | The Bendix Corporation | Large N x N Butler matrix |
-
1987
- 1987-09-09 GB GB878721188A patent/GB8721188D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-09-07 GB GB8821026A patent/GB2209629A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1557977A (en) * | 1975-12-22 | 1979-12-19 | Motorola Inc | Interleaved antenna array for use in a multiple input antenna system |
| US4213132A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1980-07-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Antenna system with multiple frequency inputs |
| EP0056205A1 (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1982-07-21 | The Bendix Corporation | Large N x N Butler matrix |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2651927A1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-03-15 | Alcatel Espace | MULTIFUNCER ANTENNA ORIENTABLE BY LOW LEVEL SWITCHING. |
| EP0417679A1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-03-20 | Alcatel Espace | Multiple beam antenna, steerable by low switching rate |
| FR2652452A1 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-03-29 | Europ Agence Spatiale | DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING A MULTI-BEAM ANTENNA. |
| EP0420739A1 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-04-03 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Feeding device for a multiple beam antenna |
| US5115248A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1992-05-19 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Multibeam antenna feed device |
| GB2279504A (en) * | 1993-06-19 | 1995-01-04 | Mercury Personal Communication | Antenna system |
| WO1997023017A1 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna assembly and associated method for radio communication device |
| US5924020A (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1999-07-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna assembly and associated method for radio communication device |
| AU708284B2 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1999-07-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna assembly and associated method for radio communication device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8721188D0 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
| GB8821026D0 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE69323281T2 (en) | Active phase controlled transmit group antenna | |
| US5757319A (en) | Ultrabroadband, adaptive phased array antenna systems using microelectromechanical electromagnetic components | |
| US4032922A (en) | Multibeam adaptive array | |
| EP2071670B1 (en) | Antenna comprising partially overlapped sub-arrays | |
| CN106602265B (en) | Beam forming network and input structure, input and output method and three-beam antenna thereof | |
| EP0665607A1 (en) | Active transmit phased array antenna with amplitude taper | |
| US3518695A (en) | Antenna array multifrequency and beam steering control multiplex feed | |
| EP0674355A2 (en) | Simplified tracking antenna | |
| CN1198060A (en) | N-way RF power combiner/divider | |
| US3731315A (en) | Circular array with butler submatrices | |
| EP1417732A1 (en) | A method and device for scanning a phased array antenna | |
| Delaney | An RF multiple beam-forming technique | |
| US3806932A (en) | Amplitude steered array | |
| US4751453A (en) | Dual phase shifter | |
| US4633259A (en) | Lossless orthogonal beam forming network | |
| US4143379A (en) | Antenna system having modular coupling network | |
| GB2209629A (en) | Networks for antenna arrays | |
| CN111525215B (en) | Phase shift unit, antenna unit, phased array unit, and phased array | |
| CN116318278B (en) | Multi-beam forming network and six-beam base station antenna | |
| EP0568886B1 (en) | Circuit and phase shifters for generating signals for TACAN antennas | |
| US4924196A (en) | Waveguide matrix switch | |
| US5510757A (en) | Broadband miniature transfer switch matrix | |
| GB2191044A (en) | Antenna arrangement | |
| US20220131274A1 (en) | Center-fed array antenna using unequal power divider | |
| CN214227140U (en) | Antenna capable of radiating dual beam and third beam |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |