CN106602265B - Beam forming network and input structure, input and output method and three-beam antenna thereof - Google Patents
Beam forming network and input structure, input and output method and three-beam antenna thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106602265B CN106602265B CN201610843984.9A CN201610843984A CN106602265B CN 106602265 B CN106602265 B CN 106602265B CN 201610843984 A CN201610843984 A CN 201610843984A CN 106602265 B CN106602265 B CN 106602265B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a beamforming network comprising: the device comprises a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first power divider and at least one phase shifter, wherein the output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, the output end of the first power divider is connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, and at least one phase shifter is connected to one output end of the second directional coupler and/or the third directional coupler; the electric signals are respectively input through the first directional coupler and the first power divider and respectively output by the output ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler. The matrix network has the characteristics of excellent performance, simple structure, small size and good consistency. In addition, the invention also relates to a three-beam antenna, an input structure of the beam forming network and an input and output method of the beam forming network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beam forming network, an input structure, an input/output method and a three-beam antenna thereof.
Background
At present, the technology in the field of mobile communication is rapidly developed, the user traffic is continuously blown out, and a large amount of data services put higher requirements on the mobile communication capacity. In general, a mobile communication base station antenna covers a sector with a wide beam, and when there are more users in the sector, there are problems such as signal interference enhancement and insufficient capacity coverage.
A multi-beam antenna is understood to be a "splitting" of a wider beam into a plurality of narrower beams, providing a reliable solution for system capacity expansion at the antenna feed end. The use of Butler matrices to form multiple beams is one of the main means of multi-beam antenna design.
Patent CN201210080959.1 discloses a dual polarized three beam antenna for mobile communication base station, which forms-120 ° phase difference, 0 ° phase difference, +120° phase difference, respectively, capable of realizing the leftward shift of the azimuth direction of the first beam by-40 °, the azimuth direction of the second beam by 0 °, and the azimuth direction of the third beam by 0 on the antenna. Azimuth angles of-40 °, 0 °, +40° are to be formed. In addition to varying the phase difference, the array pitch in the antenna can be optimized. By varying its spacing, the formation of the antenna azimuth angle can also be varied. However, because the azimuth angle offset of the beam formed by the antenna is larger, the sidelobe suppression of the horizontal plane with larger size of the antenna can not meet the existing requirements, and the overall structural design is complex and the cost is high.
Patent cn201310294694.X a 3 x 3Butler matrix and a 5 x 6Butler matrix disclose a 3 x 3Butler matrix comprising a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter and a third phase shifter. Since an important characteristic of a 3dB directional coupler is that the through-port and the coupling-port can be formed with a 90 deg. phase difference, whereas the 120 deg. phase difference formed by the 3 x 3Butler matrix described in this patent is synthesized by power. The output powers of the first output OUT1, the second output OUT2, and the third output OUT3 described in this patent must be equal, and such a power distribution is unreasonable for the radiation pattern of the antenna. First, the output powers of the first output OUT1, the second output OUT2, and the third output OUT3 are equal, so that the beam azimuth angle of the first beam of the radiation pattern of the first input in1 is shifted by-40 °, so that the horizontal side lobe suppression of the first beam cannot be suppressed, and interference is formed on the main beam of the radiation pattern of the second input in2 (i.e., the second beam) and the radiation pattern of the third input in3 (i.e., the third beam). Second, the loss of the antenna will be increased due to the increase of the phase difference.
Therefore, the existing Butler matrix has complex design and larger size, and the production consistency deviation needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a beamforming network that is simple in structure, smaller in size, stable in performance and better in consistency.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-beam antenna to which the above-described beamforming network is applied.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an input structure of the above beamforming network.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an input/output method of the above beamforming network.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a beamforming network comprising: the device comprises a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first power divider and at least one phase shifter, wherein the output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, the output end of the first power divider is connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, an electric signal is input through the first directional coupler and the first power divider respectively and is output and/or output into the phase shifter through the output ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, and at least one phase shifter is connected to one output end of the second directional coupler and/or one output end of the third directional coupler.
Preferably, each directional coupler has first and second inputs and first and second outputs; the first output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the first input end of the second directional coupler, the second output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the second input end of the third directional coupler, the two output ports of the first power divider are connected with the second input end of the second directional coupler and the first input end of the third directional coupler in one-to-one correspondence, and the second output end of the second directional coupler and the first output end of the third directional coupler are respectively connected with one phase shifter. .
Further, the phase shifter further comprises a plurality of second power dividers connected with the output end of the phase shifter and/or the first output end of the second directional coupler and the second output end of the third directional coupler.
Preferably, each of the directional couplers is a directional coupler with two outputs having a phase difference of 90 °.
Preferably, the first directional coupler is a 3dB equal power distribution directional coupler, and the second and third directional couplers are unequal power distribution directional couplers.
Preferably, each phase shifter introduces a phase delay of 90 °.
The three-beam antenna comprises a reflecting plate, an antenna array arranged on the reflecting plate, a power division phase-shifting feed network for feeding the antenna array, and a beam forming network, wherein the output end of the beam forming network is connected with the input end of the power division phase-shifting feed network; the number of the power division phase-shifting feed networks is consistent with the number of columns of the subarrays, and each power division phase-shifting feed network is provided with an input end and a plurality of output ends; the beam forming network is the beam forming network, the number of output ports of the beam forming network is consistent with the number of subarrays of the antenna array, the plurality of output ports of the beam forming network are connected with the input ends of the power division phase-shifting feed networks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the plurality of output ends of each power division phase-shifting feed network are connected with the plurality of radiating units of one subarray in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Preferably, each radiating element is a dual-polarized radiating element, the number of the beam forming networks is at least two, the two beam forming networks are respectively used for two different polarizations, and the input end of each power division phase-shifting feed network is connected with the corresponding output end of each of the two beam forming networks.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent subarrays is selected from 0.5 to 1.2 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band, and the distance between two adjacent radiating units in the same subarray is selected from 0.7 to 1.3 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band.
Preferably, two adjacent sub-arrays are arranged in a staggered manner, and the staggered distance is 0.5 times of the distance between two adjacent radiating units in the same sub-array.
An input-output method of a beam forming network comprises the following steps: coupling and phase modulating the input first path of electric signals, and outputting four paths of forward output signals; coupling and phase modulating the input second path of electric signals, and outputting four paths of reverse output signals; dividing an input third electric signal into two paths of split electric signals with equal output, coupling the split electric signals, and outputting four paths of signals with equal differential sequences and zero tolerance; the four forward output signals and the four reverse output signals are in one-to-one correspondence, and the signals corresponding to each other have equal phase differences.
The coupling and phase modulation processing comprises coupling processing and phase shifting processing, wherein the coupling processing couples an input electric signal into four paths of signals, and the phase shifting processing shifts at least one path of signals and outputs the signals.
The coupling processing comprises first coupling processing and second coupling processing, wherein the first coupling processing couples two paths of coupling signals with equal power distribution of an input electric signal, and the second coupling processing respectively carries out coupling processing on the two paths of coupling signals and outputs four paths of signals.
An input structure of a beamforming network, comprising: at least two coupling inputs and at least one equal power division input; the two coupling input ends comprise a first input port and a second input port which are configured to input two paths of signals for the beam forming network, so that the two paths of signals respectively form a first beam and a second beam with phase differences under equal power distribution coupling of the beam forming network; the equal power division input is configured to input a third signal to the beam forming network, so that the third signal forms a third beam with equal phase under equal power distribution coupling of the beam forming network.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the beam forming network of the invention constructs a three-input multi-output (at least four output ports) beam forming network through the mutual matching of three directional couplers, two phase shifters and one power divider, so that when radio frequency signals are input through different input ports, different phase configurations are formed at the four different output ports, thereby forming three different beam orientations. The beam forming network has the characteristics of excellent performance, simple structure, small volume and good consistency.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3 x 4 beamforming network of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an internal structural diagram of the 3×4 beamforming network shown in fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 3×5 beamforming network of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic installation diagram of an antenna array and a reflecting plate of the three-beam antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power division phase shift feed network of a three beam antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-beam antenna of the present invention, showing the connection of a beam forming network, a power division phase shift feed network, and an antenna array;
fig. 7 is a pattern of antennas of a beamforming network employing the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1-3 collectively illustrate a beamforming network of the present invention for forming different phase configurations at different output ports when inputting radio frequency signals from different ports, thereby forming a plurality of different beam directives.
The composition and principle of the beam forming network of the present invention will be described below by taking a three-input, multiple-output, 3×n Butler matrix network (hereinafter referred to as "Butler matrix network") as an example.
The Butler matrix network comprises a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first power divider and at least one phase shifter, wherein the output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, the output end of the first power divider is connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively, and at least one phase shifter is connected to one output end of the second directional coupler and/or the third directional coupler. The electric signals are respectively input through the first directional coupler and the first power divider and respectively output by the output ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a 3×4 Butler matrix network 100 comprising three input ports and four output ports, namely a first input port IN1, a second input port IN2, a third input port IN3, a first output port OUT1, a second output port OUT2, a third output port OUT3 and a fourth output port OUT4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of the Butler matrix network shown in fig. 1. The Butler matrix network 100 comprises a first directional coupler 11, a second directional coupler 12, a third directional coupler 13, two phase shifters 21, 22 and one power divider 3. Each directional coupler has a first input end, a second input end, a first output end and a second output end, taking the first directional coupler 11 as an example, the first directional coupler 11 has a first input end 11a, a second input end 11b, a first output end 11c and a second output end 11d; the two phase shifters 21, 22 each have an input and an output; the power divider 3 is a one-to-two-level power divider, i.e. the power divider 3 has one input 3a and two outputs 3b, 3c.
The first input 11a of the first directional coupler 11 is used as the first input port IN1 of the Butler matrix network 100, the second input 11b of the first directional coupler 11 is used as the second input port IN2 of the Butler matrix network 100, and the input 3a of the power divider 3 is used as the third input port IN3 of the Butler matrix network 100.
The first output 11c of the first directional coupler 11 is connected to the first output 12a of the second directional coupler 12, the second output 11d of the first directional coupler 11 is connected to the second input 13b of the third directional coupler 13, the two outputs 3b, 3c of the power divider 3 are connected to the second input 12b of the second directional coupler 12 and the first input 13a of the third directional coupler 13 in a one-to-one correspondence, the second output 12d of the second directional coupler 12 is connected to the input of one phase shifter 21, and the first output 13c of the third directional coupler 13 is connected to the input of the other phase shifter 22.
The first output 12c of the second directional coupler 12 is used as the first output OUT1 of the Butler matrix network 100, the output of a phase shifter 21 connected to the second directional coupler 12 is used as the third output OUT3 of the Butler matrix network 100, the output of a phase shifter 22 connected to the third directional coupler 13 is used as the second output OUT2 of the Butler matrix network 100, and the second output 13d of the third directional coupler 13 is used as the fourth output OUT4 of the Butler matrix network 100.
Preferably, in the above device, each of the directional couplers 11, 12, 13 is a directional coupler having two outputs with a phase difference of 90 °; each of said phase shifters 21, 22 introduces a phase delay of 90 °; the phases of the two outputs 3b, 3c of the power divider 3 remain identical.
Thus, when a radio frequency signal is input from the first input port IN1 of the Butler matrix network 100, the signal enters the first directional coupler 11 through the first input port 11a of the first directional coupler 11 and is output through the two output ports 11c, 11d of the first directional coupler 11, wherein the first output port 11c of the first directional coupler 11 obtains the signal 1/2 < 0 >, and the second output port 11d obtains the signal 1/2 < 90 °.
The signal 1/2 < 0 > obtained by the first output end 11c of the first directional coupler 11 flows into the second directional coupler 12 through the first input end 12a of the second directional coupler 12, the signal 1/4 < 0 > is obtained by the first output end 12c of the second directional coupler 12, the signal 1/4 < 90 > is obtained by the second output end 12d of the second directional coupler 12, the signal 1/4 < 90 > is output by the phase shifter 21 connected with the second output end 12d of the second directional coupler 12, and finally the signal 1/4 < 180 > is obtained by the output end of the phase shifter 21, namely the final OUT1 output signal is 1/4 < 0 >, and the OUT3 output signal 1/4 < 180 °.
The signal 1/2-90 degrees obtained by the second output end 11d of the first directional coupler 11 flows into the third directional coupler 13 through the second input end 13b of the third directional coupler 13, the signal 1/4-180 degrees is obtained by the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13, the signal 1/4-90 degrees is obtained by the second output end 13d, the signal 1/4-180 degrees is output through the phase shifter 22 connected with the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13, and finally the signal 1/4-270 degrees is obtained by the output end of the phase shifter 22, namely the final OUT2 output signal is 1/4-270 degrees and the OUT4 output signal is 1/4-90 degrees.
Thus, if a radio frequency signal is input from the first input port IN1 of the Butler matrix network 100, the signals obtained at the four output ports are respectively 1/4 < 0 > (OUT 1), 1/4 < 270 ° (OUT 2), 1/4 < 180 ° (OUT 3), and 1/4 < 90 ° (OUT 4). The OUT1 output signal can be understood to be 1/4-360 according to the principle that electromagnetic waves are 360 degrees in one period. Thus, an equal amplitude and phase distribution with a phase difference of +90° can be formed among the four output ports.
When a radio frequency signal is input from the second input port IN2 of the Butler matrix network 100, that is, the second input port 12b of the first directional coupler 12, a signal 1/2 +.90° is obtained at the first output port 11c of the first directional coupler 11, and a signal 1/2 +.0° is obtained at the second output port 11 d.
The signal 1/2 & lt-90 DEG obtained at the first output end 11c of the first directional coupler 11 flows into the second directional coupler 12 through the first input end 12a of the second directional coupler 12, the signal 1/4 & lt-90 DEG is obtained at the first output end 12c of the second directional coupler 12, the signal 1/4 & lt-180 DEG is obtained at the second output end 12d, the signal obtained at the second output end 12d is output through the phase shifter 21, and finally the signal 1/4 & lt-270 DEG is obtained at the output end of the phase shifter 21, namely the signal 1/4 & lt-90 DEG is output by the final OUT1, and the signal 1/4 & lt-270 DEG is output by the OUT 3.
The signal 1/2 < 0 > obtained at the second output end 11d of the first directional coupler 11 flows into the third directional coupler 13 through the second input end 13b of the third directional coupler 13, and the signal 1/4 < 90 > is obtained at the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13, and the signal 1/4 < 0 > is obtained at the second output end 13d, wherein the signal of the first output end 13c is output through the phase shifter 22, so that the signal 1/4 < 180 > is obtained at the phase shifter 22, that is, the final OUT2 output signal 1/4 < 180 > and the OUT4 output signal 1/4 < 0 °. The output signals of the four output ends are respectively 1/4 & lt-90 degrees (OUT 1), 1/4 & lt-180 degrees (OUT 2), 1/4 & lt-270 degrees (OUT 3) and 1/4 & lt-360 degrees (OUT 4). Thus, the equal amplitude and phase distribution with the phase difference of-90 degrees can be formed among the four output ports.
When the radio frequency signal is input from the input terminal 3a of the power divider 3 (i.e. the third input port IN3 of the Butler matrix network 100), the signal passes through the power divider 3 and obtains two radio frequency signals 1/2 < 0 > with equal amplitude and same phase at the two output terminals 3b, 3c of the power divider 3.
One of the signals 1/2 & lt 0 & gt at the output port of the power divider 3 flows into the second directional coupler 12 through the second input end 12b of the second directional coupler 12, a signal 1/4 & lt-90 DEG is obtained at the first output end 12c of the second directional coupler 12, a signal 1/4 & lt 0 DEG is obtained at the second output end 12d, and the signal obtained at the second output end 12d is output through the phase shifter 21, so that a signal 1/4 & lt-90 DEG is obtained at the output end of the phase shifter 21, namely, a final OUT1 output signal 1/4 & lt-90 DEG, and an OUT3 output signal 1/4 & lt-90 DEG is obtained.
The other signal 1/2 & lt 0 & gt at the output port of the power divider 3 flows into the third directional coupler 13 through the first input end 13a of the third directional coupler 13, the signal 1/4 & lt 0 & gt is obtained at the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13, the signal 1/4 & lt-90 & gt is obtained at the second output end 13d, the signal 1/4 & lt 0 & gt is output through the phase shifter 22, and the signal 1/4 & lt-90 & gt is obtained at the output end of the phase shifter 22, namely the final OUT2 output signal 1/4 & lt-90 & gt and the OUT4 output signal 1/4 & lt-90 & gt.
Therefore, when the radio frequency signal is input through the third input port IN3 of the Butler matrix network 100, the equal-amplitude and same-phase amplitude-phase distribution is obtained at the four output ports (the signals output by the four output ports are all 1/4 & lt-90 °).
In summary, when the Butler matrix network 100 of the present embodiment is connected to four antenna arrays (the four output ports of the matrix network are connected to the four antenna arrays in a one-to-one correspondence), 3 different beam pointing patterns are formed at the three input ports, as shown in fig. 7.
When the rf signal is input to the three input ports, the Butler matrix network 100 of the present embodiment outputs four equal-amplitude and 90 ° phase tolerance forward signals, four equal-amplitude and-90 ° phase tolerance reverse signals, and four equal-amplitude and same-phase signals at the four output ports.
In the embodiment, the Butler matrix network has simple and ingenious design thought, smaller size, stable performance and good consistency.
Preferably, the first directional coupler 11 is a 3dB equal power split directional coupler.
Further, in view of attenuation of the radio frequency signal during transmission, in order to keep the radio frequency signal output by all the output ports constant, the second and third directional couplers 12, 13 may be directional couplers of unequal power distribution, and the power of one output terminal connected to the phase shifters 21, 22 is made larger than the power of the other output terminal. In the present embodiment, the output power of the second output end 12d of the second directional coupler 12 is larger than the power of the first output end 12c thereof, and the output power of the first output end 13c of the third directional coupler 13 is larger than the output power of the second output end 13d thereof.
The directional couplers 11, 12, 13 may be branch line directional couplers, coupled line directional couplers (such as parallel coupled line directional couplers), or directional couplers with other designs such as small hole coupling, double T matching, etc. Each directional coupler may be formed by a coaxial line, a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, a strip line, or a microstrip line.
IN other embodiments, when the rf signals are input to the three input ports IN1 to IN3, the Butler matrix network 100 outputs four equal-amplitude forward signals with phase differences, four equal-amplitude reverse signals with phase differences, and four equal-amplitude IN-phase signals at the four output ports OUT1 to OUT4, wherein the four forward signals and the four reverse signals are IN one-to-one correspondence, and the same phase difference exists between every two corresponding signals. Based on this, a specific beamforming network can be assembled by those skilled in the art by selecting corresponding directional couplers and phase shifters according to the phase difference requirement.
Example 2
Fig. 3 shows a 3×5 Butler matrix network 100 having three input ports and five output ports, which is similar to embodiment 1, but includes two power splitters 3, one of which is defined as a first power splitter 31 and the other as a second power splitter 32 for convenience of distinction, and provides a third input port IN3. As can be seen from the foregoing, the input of the first power divider 31 serves as a third input port IN3, and both outputs thereof are connected to the inputs of the second and third directional couplers. The input end 32 of the second power divider 32 is connected to the first output end 12c of the second directional coupler 12, so as to divide the original first output port OUT1 into two output ports OUT1 and OUT5 for signal output, i.e. a fifth output port OUT5 is added on the basis of the original four output ports.
IN other embodiments, further power splitters 3 may be included, IN addition to one first power splitter (i.e. the first power splitter 31) providing the third input port IN3, further power splitters (i.e. the second power splitter 32) being connected to the outputs of the phase shifters 21, 22 or to the first output 12c of the second directional coupler 12, the second output 13d of the third directional coupler 13, or both the outputs of the phase shifters 21, 22 and the outputs of the second and third directional couplers 12, 13 being connected to the power splitter 32 to extend further output ports on the basis of the original plurality of output ports via different second power splitters 32, thereby being suitable for antennas with further antenna sub-arrays.
Example 3
Fig. 4 to 6 show a dual polarized three beam antenna 1000, which includes a reflection plate 400, four antenna sub-arrays 301, 302, 303 and 304 provided on the reflection plate 400, power division phase shift feed networks 201, 202, 203 and 204 (see fig. 5 and 6, since the power division phase shift feed networks have the same structure, the 202, 203 and 204 are not completely drawn for convenience of illustration), and Butler matrix networks 100 and 100' in two embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, each of the antenna subarrays includes six antenna radiating elements, for example 301, including antenna radiating elements 301b to 301g, and each of the six antenna radiating elements is a dual polarized antenna radiating element, each radiating element is connected to a respective power division phase-shifting feed network port (i.e., an output end of the power division phase-shifting feed network), that is, the power division phase-shifting feed network has at least six output ends, such as a power division phase-shifting feed network of one division six shown in fig. 5, and the power division phase-shifting feed network 201 has an input end 201a and six output ends 201b to 201g, where the output ends 201b to 201g are connected to the radiating elements 301b to 301g in one-to-one correspondence.
Referring to fig. 6, the two Butler matrix networks 100 and 100' are identical in structure and are used for two different polarizations (e.g., +45 ° and-45 ° linear polarizations), respectively. The power division phase-shifting feed networks 201 to 204 can support simultaneous feeding of two polarized antenna radiating elements, i.e. the input terminal 201a of the power division phase-shifting feed network (e.g. 201) is simultaneously connected to the OUT1 of the Butler matrix network 100 and the OUT1' of the Butler matrix network 100', and similarly, the power division phase-shifting feed networks 202, 203, 204 are connected to the output ports corresponding to the two Butler matrix networks 100, 100'.
In other embodiments, the number of radiating elements of each sub-array 301, 302, 303, and 304 of dual polarized three beam antenna 1000 may be adjusted by different gain requirements. Correspondingly, the output ports of the power division phase shift feed network and the matching branches thereof are appropriately adjusted (such as adding output ports) to feed the radiating elements.
Preferably, the array spacing between two adjacent sub-arrays 301, 302, 303 and 304 may be selected from 0.5 to 1.2 times the wavelength of the center frequency point of the operating frequency band.
Preferably, the distance between every two adjacent radiating elements in the same subarray can be selected from 0.7-1.3 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point of the working frequency band.
Further, two adjacent sub-arrays 301, 302, 303 and 304 are offset from each other, and typically, 0.5 times the spacing between two adjacent radiating elements in the same sub-array is selected for offset.
The dual-polarized three-beam antenna 1000 forms a dual-polarized three-beam independent electrically tunable antenna when each of the power division phase-shifting feed networks 201, 202, 203, 204 has an electrically tunable phase-shifting function.
The dual polarized three beam antenna can also expand the number of subarrays, and is adapted to the number of subarrays, and the number of subarrays is required to be expanded to be consistent with the number of subarrays by using power splitters at different output ports so as to radiate.
The dual polarized three beam antenna of the present invention is shown above. When the radiating element is not a dual polarized radiating element, the three beam antenna is a common three beam antenna. At this time, only one beamforming network is needed.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the present invention provides an input structure of a beamforming network, including: at least two coupling inputs and at least one equal power division input; the two coupling input ends comprise a first input port and a second input port which are configured to input two paths of signals for the beam forming network, so that the two paths of signals respectively form a first beam and a second beam with phase differences under equal power distribution coupling of the beam forming network; the equal power division input is configured to input a third signal to the beam forming network, so that the third signal forms a third beam with equal phase under equal power distribution coupling of the beam forming network.
By adopting the antenna of the beam forming network with the input structure, different phase configurations can be formed at different output ports when radio frequency signals are input by different input ports, so that a plurality of different beam directives are formed.
In addition, the invention also relates to an input/output method of the beam forming network, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Coupling and phase modulating the input first path of electric signals, and outputting four paths of forward output signals, wherein the phases of the four paths of forward output signals form an incremental sequence with a tolerance of a;
(b) Coupling and phase modulating the input second electric signal, and outputting four paths of reverse output signals, wherein the phases of the four paths of reverse output signals form a descending number row with the tolerance of b;
(c) Dividing the input third electric signal into two paths of equal split electric signals, coupling the split electric signals, and outputting four paths of signals with the four phases forming an arithmetic series with zero tolerance.
The coupling and phase modulation processing comprises coupling processing and phase shifting processing, wherein the coupling processing couples the electric signals input in each path into four paths of signals; and the phase shifting process shifts at least one signal in the four paths of signals coupled and outputs the signals so as to enable the phases of the signals output at four output ports of the beam forming network to be distributed in an arithmetic progression.
Specifically, the coupling processing includes a first coupling processing and a second coupling processing, where the first coupling processing couples the input electric signal into two paths of coupling signals in an equal power distribution manner, and the second coupling processing respectively performs coupling processing on the two paths of coupling signals obtained by the first coupling processing, and outputs four paths of signals.
In other embodiments, the four forward signals formed by processing the first path of electric signals have phase differences, where the phase differences may be tolerance of an arithmetic series or may not be a fixed value; similarly, the four reverse signals outputted from the second electric signal processing have a phase difference.
In summary, by adopting the input-output method, a multi-input multi-output beam network can be formed, and the beam network forms different phase configurations at different output ports when radio frequency signals are input by different input ports, so as to form a plurality of different beam directives.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A beamforming network comprising: the power divider comprises a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first power divider and at least one phase shifter, wherein the output end of the first directional coupler is respectively connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler, the output end of the first power divider is respectively connected with the input ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler, and the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler are directional couplers with unequal power distribution;
the electric signal is input through the first directional coupler and the first power divider respectively and is output by the output ends of the second directional coupler and the third directional coupler respectively and/or is output into the phase shifter, and at least one of the phase shifters is connected to one output end of the second directional coupler and/or one output end of the third directional coupler;
each directional coupler has a first and second input and a first and second output; the first output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the first input end of the second directional coupler, and the second output end of the first directional coupler is connected with the second input end of the third directional coupler; the two output ports of the first power divider are connected with the second input end of the second directional coupler and the first input end of the third directional coupler in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the second output end of the second directional coupler and the first output end of the third directional coupler are respectively connected with one phase shifter, the output power of the second output end of the second directional coupler is larger than the power of the first output end of the second directional coupler, and the output power of the first output end of the third directional coupler is larger than the output power of the second output end of the third directional coupler.
2. The beamforming network according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second power splitters connected to the output of the phase shifter and/or to the first output of the second directional coupler, the second output of the third directional coupler.
3. The beamforming network according to claim 1, wherein each of the directional couplers is a directional coupler with two outputs having a phase difference of 90 °.
4. A beamforming network according to claim 3, wherein the first directional coupler is a 3dB equal power split directional coupler.
5. The beamforming network of claim 1, wherein each phase shifter introduces a phase delay of 90 °.
6. The three-beam antenna comprises a reflecting plate, an antenna array arranged on the reflecting plate, a power division phase-shifting feed network for feeding the antenna array, and a beam forming network, wherein the output end of the beam forming network is connected with the input end of the power division phase-shifting feed network; the number of the power division phase-shifting feed networks is consistent with the number of columns of the subarrays, and each power division phase-shifting feed network is provided with an input end and a plurality of output ends; the beam forming network is as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the number of output ports of the beam forming network is consistent with the number of subarrays of the antenna array, the plurality of output ports of the beam forming network are connected with the input ends of a plurality of power division phase-shifting feed networks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the plurality of output ends of each power division phase-shifting feed network are connected with a plurality of radiating units of one subarray in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
7. The three-beam antenna of claim 6, wherein each of the radiating elements is a dual-polarized radiating element, the number of beamforming networks is at least two, the two beamforming networks are respectively used for two different polarizations, and an input end of each power division phase shift feed network is connected with a corresponding output end of the two beamforming networks.
8. The three-beam antenna according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the distance between two adjacent sub-arrays is selected from 0.5 to 1.2 times the wavelength of the center frequency point of the operating frequency band, and the distance between two adjacent radiating elements in the same sub-array is selected from 0.7 to 1.3 times the wavelength of the center frequency point of the operating frequency band.
9. The three-beam antenna of claim 8, wherein adjacent two sub-arrays are offset from each other by 0.5 times the spacing between adjacent two radiating elements in the same sub-array.
10. A method of inputting and outputting a beam forming network, wherein the beam forming network is the beam forming network according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method of inputting and outputting comprises the steps of:
coupling and phase modulating the input first path of electric signals, and outputting four paths of forward output signals;
coupling and phase modulating the input second path of electric signals, and outputting four paths of reverse output signals;
dividing an input third electric signal into two paths of split electric signals with equal output, coupling the split electric signals, and outputting four paths of signals with equal differential sequences and zero tolerance;
the four forward output signals and the four reverse output signals are in one-to-one correspondence, and the signals corresponding to each other have equal phase differences.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the coupling and phase modulation process comprises a coupling process that couples the input electrical signal out of four signals and a phase shifting process that phase shifts and outputs at least one signal.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the coupling process includes a first coupling process and a second coupling process, the first coupling process coupling the input electrical signal into two coupling signals with equal power distribution, and the second coupling process coupling the two coupling signals and outputting four signals.
13. An input structure of a beamforming network, wherein the beamforming network is the beamforming network of any of claims 1 to 5, the input structure comprising:
at least two coupling inputs and at least one equal power division input;
the two coupling input ends comprise a first input port and a second input port which are configured to input two paths of signals for the beam forming network, so that the two paths of signals respectively form a first beam and a second beam with phase differences under equal power distribution coupling of the beam forming network;
the equal power division input is configured to input a third signal to the beam forming network, so that the third signal forms a third beam with equal phase under equal power distribution coupling of the beam forming network.
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| CN110098847B (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2020-07-14 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | Communication device |
| CN108963455B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-12-20 | 佛山市粤海信通讯有限公司 | Mobile communication dual polarization multi-beam antenna |
| CN109273870A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-25 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | A kind of six beam array antenna of wideband |
| CN112490673B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2022-11-18 | 南京理工大学 | Has a structure of 2 n Design method of relational Butler matrix |
| CN110808450B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Dual-polarized antenna and radiating element thereof |
| CN110838621B (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-11-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Multi-beam antenna feeding device and method |
| CN111142055A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-12 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Decoupling device, magnetic resonance system and control method thereof |
| CN113644455B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | 西北工业大学 | Multi-beam feed network design method based on 180-degree directional coupler |
| CN113708083B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-11-08 | 湖南国科雷电子科技有限公司 | Broadband reconfigurable antenna feed system and electronic equipment |
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