CN116318278B

CN116318278B - Multi-beam forming network and six-beam base station antenna

Info

Publication number: CN116318278B
Application number: CN202310549245.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李传奇; 杨华; 王敏强; 张辉; 高其金
Original assignee: Guangdong Shenglu Communication Co ltd; Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Shenglu Communication Co ltd; Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication Tech Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-16
Filing date: 2023-05-16
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2043-05-16
Also published as: CN116318278A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of communication devices, in particular to a multi-beam forming network and a six-beam base station antenna, wherein the multi-beam forming network comprises: the first network is used for respectively outputting signals with different phases and amplitudes to the multiple first output ports after carrying out amplitude weighting and resonance phase modulation processing on the signals input from each signal input port; the second network is used for receiving signals output by the multiple first output ports through the multiple second input ports in one-to-one correspondence, and respectively outputting signals with different phases and amplitudes to the multiple second output ports after independent amplitude addition weighting processing is carried out on the signals output by the multiple first output ports, wherein the number of the second output ports is one to two times of that of the first output ports; the six-beam base station antenna comprises an array module and two multi-beam forming networks; the application can reduce the coupling quantity generated by each component, improve the isolation between wave beams and improve the performance stability.

Description

Multi-beam forming network and six-beam base station antenna

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of communication devices, in particular to a multi-beam forming network and a six-beam base station antenna.

Background

A multi-beam base station antenna refers to an antenna in which a plurality of specific beams can be radiated at the same time to sub-beams in a radiation aperture.

Along with the increase of the number of beams, the components involved in the multi-beam base station antenna are numerous, so that the assembly process is complex, and the use amount of cables is increased; and the coupling amount generated by each component can cause interference on the performance of the antenna, the isolation between beams is affected, and the isolation and performance stability between sub-beams determine the performance of the antenna.

Therefore, there is a continuing need for a solution to increase the number of antenna beams that ensures good antenna performance and reduces production costs.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present application provides a multi-beam forming network and a six-beam base station antenna, which solve one or more of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial choice or creation condition.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

in one aspect, there is provided a multi-beam shaping network comprising:

a first network having a plurality of first input ports and a plurality of first output ports, the first network being configured to perform amplitude weighting and resonance phase modulation processing on signals input from each of the signal input ports, and to output signals having different phases and amplitudes to the plurality of first output ports, respectively;

the second network is provided with a plurality of second input ports and second output ports, the number of the second output ports is one to two times of that of the first output ports, and the second network is used for receiving signals output by the plurality of first output ports through the plurality of second input ports in one-to-one correspondence, and outputting signals with different phases and amplitudes to the plurality of second output ports after independent amplitude addition weighting processing is carried out on the signals output by the plurality of first output ports.

In some embodiments, the first network is a quadrature 8×8 butler matrix circuit, and phases of two adjacent output ports in the quadrature 8×8 butler matrix circuit are incremented by equal phase differences, the phase differences being multiples of 22.5 °.

In some embodiments, two input ports corresponding to two output ports with the largest phase difference in the orthogonal 8×8 butler matrix circuit are connected to a load, and the remaining 6 input ports are used as the first input ports.

In some embodiments, the second network includes m one-to-two power splitters and n fixed delay lines; wherein m and n are integers, the value ranges are 0,8, and m+n=8;

the 8 first output ports are respectively connected with the M second output ports through a one-to-two power divider or a fixed delay line; m is even, and M is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 16.

In some embodiments, the one-to-two power divider is an unequal power divider.

In another aspect, a six-beam base station antenna is provided, where the six-beam base station antenna includes an array module and two multi-beam forming networks according to at least one embodiment, where the two multi-beam forming networks are respectively used for two orthogonal polarization directions;

the array module includes: m one-to-six power division networks and a radiation array;

the radiating array comprises M subarrays, wherein each subarray comprises 6 radiating units with +/-45 DEG dual polarization;

the input ports of the M split-six-power-division networks are connected with the M second output ports of the two multi-beam forming networks in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the 6 output ports of the M split-six-power-division networks are connected with the 6 radiating units of the subarray in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

In some embodiments, the adjacent 2 radiating elements in the subarrays are identical in pitch, and the adjacent two columns of subarrays are identical in pitch and are arranged in a staggered manner according to a set height difference.

In some embodiments, the radiating elements corresponding to the two output ports of each of the one-to-two power splitters are disposed 180 ° opposite.

In some embodiments, the six-beam base station antenna further comprises a reflector plate, 2 of the multi-beam forming networks are disposed on a back surface of the reflector plate, and the array module is disposed on a front surface of the reflector plate.

In some embodiments, the six-beam base station antenna further includes 2 closed metal cavities, 2 metal cavities are disposed on the back surface of the reflecting plate, and 2 multi-beam forming networks are disposed in the 2 metal cavities in a one-to-one correspondence.

The application has the beneficial effects that: the input signals are subjected to amplitude weighting and coupling phase modulation through a first network, the number of first output ports is expanded and independent amplitude weighting processing is performed through a second network, so that the antenna forms a plurality of beams with fixed orientations on a horizontal plane, and a plurality of beams with fixed orientations can be formed on the vertical plane of each beam, so that a plurality of different beam orientations are formed, the coupling quantity generated by each component is reduced, the isolation between the beams is improved, and the performance stability is improved. The multi-beam network and the array module are respectively designed in an integrated mode, so that modularization of parts is achieved, assembly procedures are simplified, and use of cables is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam shaping network according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an orthogonal 8X 8 Butler matrix network topology, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a layout of a radiating array according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a sub-array according to one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a back side structure of a sub-array according to one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an array module according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a structure of a back surface of a reflective plate according to an embodiment;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam shaping network according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second network provided by an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a simulation of a +7° horizontal plane pattern for a positive 45 ° polarization provided by an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a simulation of a +20° horizontal plane pattern for a positive 45 ° polarization provided by an embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a simulation of a +34° horizontal plane pattern for a positive 45 ° polarization provided by an embodiment;

FIG. 13a is a simulation of 6 beam level patterns in one embodiment;

fig. 13b is a beam pattern of the 6 beam horizontal plane pattern in the first embodiment;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam shaping network in a second embodiment;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam shaping network in embodiment three;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam shaping network in the fourth embodiment.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

In the description of the present application, the meaning of a number is not quantitative, and the meaning of a number is two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to exclude the present number, and the meaning of above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.

In the description of the present application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that elements are listed and may include other elements not expressly listed.

First, several nouns involved in the present application are parsed:

the multi-beam antenna (multi beam antenna) is an antenna capable of generating a plurality of sharp beams. These sharp beams (called meta-beams) may be combined into one or several shaped beams to cover a specific spatial domain. The multibeam antenna has three basic forms of lens type, reflection surface type and phased array type. Furthermore, a hybrid form in which a phased array is used as a reflecting surface or lens feed is also possible.

Working principle of multi-beam base station antenna: in the area where the antenna radiates, as many beams as possible are reserved to cover the radiation of the area where the user is located. Each beam covers only a part of the sector area of the area. Firstly, determining signal direction corresponding to a user by a side face, then correspondingly selecting corresponding wave beams and combinations thereof according to the signal direction area required by the user which can be reached, and further obtaining the strongest signal of a channel, thereby completing the current communication.

One of the advantages of the multi-beam base station antenna is that the gain is high, a wider area can be covered, and each beam radiated by the multi-beam base station antenna has specific beam direction, so that the problem that the network capacity is insufficient and the whole area cannot be covered under the condition of the shortage of current frequency spectrum and station address resources can be solved more effectively, and the function of the antenna is played maximally in the current environment.

In the related art, three implementation forms of the multibeam base station antenna mainly exist, namely a multibeam lens, a multibeam reflecting surface and a multibeam phased array antenna. The present application relates only to multi-beam phased array antennas.

The multi-beam phased array antenna can radiate a plurality of required specific beam directions at the same time by carrying out equal power and phase shift on the internal structure. The method is divided into a digital mode and an analog mode according to the implementation way of the beam network. The beam network is realized in a digital mode and is mainly applied to satellite communication, and the beam network is realized in an analog mode aiming at the antenna aspect of a mobile communication base station. With the deep research of analog beam forming technologies such as Butler matrix networks and blast matrices, the Butler matrix networks have better performance compared with other multi-beam technical means, have flexible and simple network structures, are easy to complete structure construction through transmission lines such as strip lines and microstrip lines, only need to input lower processing cost, and are used as the feed network of the multi-beam base station antenna in the application field of mobile communication base station antennas.

Common multi-beam phased array antennas adopting analog beam forming technology mainly comprise a dual-beam antenna, a three-beam antenna, a four-beam antenna and a five-beam antenna.

The main stream of multi-beam base station antenna feed network is divided into distributed type, each component is independently designed and realized, and the electric conduction among the components is realized through a cable.

The disadvantages of the distributed multi-beam base station antenna feed network are: the assembly is more, the assembly is complicated, the cable wiring is dense, resonance is easy to generate among all parts, and the beam isolation is poor.

The application aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a multi-beam forming network which can reduce the coupling quantity generated by each component, improve the isolation between beams and improve the performance stability.

As shown in fig. 1, a multi-beam shaping network according to an embodiment of the present application includes:

a first network 100 having a plurality of first input ports 110 and a plurality of first output ports 120 of equal number, for respectively outputting signals having different phases and amplitudes to the plurality of first output ports 120 after performing amplitude weighting and resonance phase modulation processing on signals inputted from each signal input port;

the second network 200 has multiple second input ports and second output ports 210, where the number of the second output ports 210 is one to two times that of the first output ports 120, and the second network is configured to receive the signals output by the multiple first output ports 120 through one-to-one correspondence of the multiple second input ports, and perform independent amplitude addition weighting processing on the signals output by the multiple first output ports 120, and then output signals with different phases and amplitudes to the multiple second output ports 210.

In the embodiment provided by the present application, the first network 100 performs amplitude weighting and coupling phase modulation on the input signal, and the second network 200 performs expansion and independent amplitude phase weighting processing on the number of the first output ports 120, for example, the first network 100 may be an 8-input 8-output butler matrix network, and by adopting the multi-beam antenna of the multi-beam forming network, the antenna may form a plurality of beams with fixed orientations on a horizontal plane, and may form a plurality of beams with fixed orientations on a vertical plane of each beam. In other words, when the electric signals are input from different input ports, different amplitude and phase configurations are formed at the multiple input/output ports, so that multiple different beam directions are formed, the coupling amount generated by each component is reduced, the isolation between the beams is improved, and the performance stability is improved.

In some preferred embodiments, the first network 100 is a quadrature 8×8 butler matrix circuit, and phases of two adjacent output ports in the quadrature 8×8 butler matrix circuit are increased by equal phase differences, where the phase differences are multiples of 22.5 °.

In some preferred embodiments, two input ports corresponding to two output ports with the largest phase difference in the orthogonal 8×8 butler matrix circuit are connected to a load, and the remaining 6 input ports are used as the first input port 110.

Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the quadrature 8×8 butler matrix circuit employs 12 3dB directional couplers and 8 phase shifters with fixed phases in total, specifically, the quadrature 8×8 butler matrix circuit includes a first coupler group, a second coupler group, and a third coupler group; wherein 6 input ports of the 8 input ports of the first coupler group are used as the first input port 110 of the first network 100, and the other 2 input ports are connected with a load of 50Ω; the 8 output ports of the first coupler group are connected with the input ports of the second coupler group through 4 phase shifters; the output port of the second coupler group is connected with the input port of the third coupler group through 4 phase shifters; the 8 output ports of the third coupler group are output ports of an 8 x 8 butler matrix circuit.

In some embodiments, the second network 200 includes m one-to-two power splitters 220 and n fixed delay lines 230; wherein m and n are integers, the value ranges are 0,8, and m+n=8;

the 8 first output ports 120 are respectively connected to the M second output ports 210 through a one-to-two power divider 220 or a fixed delay line 230; m is even, and M is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 16.

In some embodiments, the one-to-two power divider 220 is an unequal power divider.

It should be noted that, according to the number configuration of the second output ports 210, the second network 200 may be all the power dividers 220, all the fixed delay lines 230, or a combination of the power dividers 220 and the fixed delay lines 230; for example, when m=14, m=6 and n=2 may be taken; 12 second output ports 210 are connected through 6 one-to-two power splitters 220, and 2 second output ports 210 are connected through 2 fixed delay lines 230;

when the one-to-two power divider 220 is adopted, the input port of the one-to-two power divider 220 is connected with the second input port, and the output port of the one-to-two power divider 220 is connected with the second output port 210; when the fixed delay line 230 is adopted, two ends of the fixed delay line 230 are respectively connected with the first output port 120 and the second output port 210; because the one-to-two power divider 220 may adopt an unequal power divider, the signal input by the first output port 120 is unequal distributed, so as to output different powers to the two second output ports 210 correspondingly connected to the one-to-two power divider 220, thereby performing power configuration; the phase adjustment can be realized by reversely disposing the radiation unit 321 connected with two paths of signals output by the one-to-two power divider 220 by 180 degrees; the number, phase and amplitude of the second output ports 210 can be flexibly configured by reasonably selecting the one-to-two power dividers 220 and the fixed delay line 230 for deployment.

Another object of the present application is to provide a base station antenna that solves the drawbacks of the prior art, and that realizes modularization of each component, simplifies assembly process, and reduces use of cables.

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the embodiment of the present application further provides a six-beam base station antenna, which includes an array module 30 and two multi-beam forming networks 10 according to at least one of the foregoing embodiments, where the two multi-beam forming networks 10 are respectively used for two orthogonal polarization directions;

the array module 30 includes: m split six power splitting networks 310 and radiating arrays 32;

the radiating array 32 includes M columns of sub-arrays 320, each column of sub-arrays 320 containing 6 ±45° dual polarized radiating elements 321;

the input ports of the M split-six-power-division networks 310 are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the M second output ports 210 in the two multi-beam forming networks 10, and the 6 output ports of the M split-six-power-division networks 310 are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the 6 radiating elements 321 in the M columns of the subarrays 320.

In some embodiments, the adjacent 2 radiating elements 321 in the subarray 320 have a uniform pitch, and the adjacent two columns of subarrays 320 have a uniform pitch and are arranged in a staggered manner according to a set height difference.

In some embodiments, the radiating elements 321 corresponding to the two output ports of each of the one-to-two power splitters 220 are disposed 180 ° in opposite directions.

Taking fig. 1 as an example, the radiating elements 321 in the 1 st to 6 th column of the sub-arrays 320 and the radiating elements 321 in the 9 th to 14 th columns of the sub-arrays 320 are disposed in opposite 180 ° in a one-to-one correspondence in sequence.

Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, in some embodiments, the six-beam base station antenna further includes a reflector plate 20,2 of the multi-beam forming networks 10 are disposed on a back surface of the reflector plate 20, and the array module 30 is disposed on a front surface of the reflector plate 20.

In this embodiment, the radiating unit 321 and the one-to-six power division network 310 are integrally designed, and as the array module 30, the operating frequency range 1695-2690 mhz is satisfied, and the relative bandwidth is greater than 45%. The array module 30 may be disposed on the front surface of the reflective plate, and the array module 30 is implemented using a microstrip PCB scheme.

The first input port 110 of the multi-beam forming network 10 is connected to the rf connector of the six-beam base station antenna by a coaxial cable, and the second output port 210 is electrically connected to the input port of each one-to-six power splitting network 310 in the array module 30 by a coaxial cable. Therefore, the coupling quantity generated by each component is reduced, the isolation between wave beams is improved, and the performance stability is improved.

In some embodiments, the six-beam base station antenna further includes 2 closed metal cavities 40,2 metal cavities 40 are disposed on the back surface of the reflecting plate 20, and 2 multi-beam forming networks 10 are disposed in the 2 metal cavities 40 in a one-to-one correspondence.

In one embodiment, the multi-beam forming network 10 is secured within a metal cavity 40 by metal screws.

The following are a number of specific embodiments provided based on the technical solution of the present application;

the multi-beam forming network provided by the application adopts 6 first input ports 110 as signal access ports, combines power distribution devices such as a two-part power divider 220, a fixed delay line 230 and the like, expands the number of second output ports 210 to 8 to 16 by setting corresponding numbers of the two-part power dividers 220 and the fixed delay line 230 and combining reverse 180-degree deployment of part of radiation units 321,

embodiment one: referring to fig. 9, in a first embodiment, a 6×14 butler matrix network (1695 to 2690 mhz) is provided, and the independent amplitude addition weights for the 14-column sub-arrays 320 are implemented through the 6×14 butler matrix network by using 6 input ports and 14 output ports.

Referring to fig. 3, in some exemplary embodiments, the positive and negative polarizations of the multi-beam forming network 10 are each 6 ports; the spacing between adjacent radiating elements 321 in the sub-array 320 is 110mm, and the spacing between adjacent sub-arrays 320 is 75mm; the subarrays 320 of the even numbered columns are offset 55mm down from left, phase compensating by-18 °; each column of subarrays 320 is fed through a 6 x 14 butler matrix network to form 6 beams pointing at (center frequency) at ±7°, ±20°, 34 °. The power distribution is as follows: 1:1:2:2:3:3:4:4:3:2:2:1:1; the 6 radiating elements 321 in each column of sub-array 320 are fed through a divide-by-six power splitting network 310 to form a downtilted 6 beam by phase weighting. The power distribution is as follows: 1:2:3:3:2:1.

The 2 first input ports 110 with the largest phase difference are connected with a load, and the corresponding 2 first output ports 120 are connected with the 2 second output ports 210 in a one-to-one correspondence through the fixed delay lines 230; the remaining 6 first output ports 120 are connected to the input ports of the 6 one-to-two power dividers 220 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the output ports of the 6 one-to-two power dividers 220 are connected to the second output port 210.

Table 1 is a table of phase relationships between the first input ports 110 (In 1 to In 18) and the first output ports 120 (Oout 1 to Oout 8), and when excitation is applied to the In1 to In8 ports, the phase differences between adjacent output ports of the output ports Out1 to Out8 are In order: -22.5 °, 157.5 °, -112.5 °, 67.5 °, -67.5 °, 112.5 °, -157.5 ° and 22.5 °,6 beams pointing at (center frequency point) of ±7°, ±20°, ±34° can be formed. The detailed phase relationship is shown in table 1.

Table 1: a table of phase relationships for the first input port 110 and the first output port 120;

only 6 beams need to be formed using 6 phase differences In the orthogonal 8 x 8 butler matrix, wherein the first input ports 110 (In 2 and In 7) with the largest 2 phase differences (157.5 ° and-157.5 °) are directly connected to a load of 50 ohms and do not participate In the forming operation of the 6 beam antenna.

Table 2 is a phase relationship table of the first input port 110 and the second output port 210, the second network 200 has 8 input ports (In 1 to In 8) and 14 output ports (C1 to C14), and when excitation is applied to the In1 to In8 ports (except In2, in 7), the phase differences between adjacent output ports of the output ports C1 to C14 are In order: -22.5 °, -112.5 °, 67.5 °, -67.5 °, 112.5 °, and 22.5 °, with corresponding phase distributions as shown in table 2:

table 2: a table of phase relationships for the first input port 110 and the second output port 210;

fig. 10, 11 and 12 are respectively +7°, +20°, +34° horizontal plane directional diagram simulation results of positive 45 ° polarization, positive and negative polarization synthesis directional diagrams are similar, positive 45 ° polarization analysis is selected, left and right beam synthesis directional diagrams are symmetrical, right beam analysis is selected, and specific data of core indexes are summarized as shown in table 3:

table 3: a horizontal plane pattern simulation data table;

as can be seen from fig. 13a and fig. 13b, the six-beam antenna according to the inventive concept is verified by simulation, and each item meets or is superior to the existing level, and can be put into practical use.

Embodiment two: referring to fig. 14, the multi-beam forming network includes 16 sub-arrays 320 (dual polarized) and two 6 x 16 butler matrices, which provides a higher gain six-beam base station antenna than the first embodiment.

Embodiment III: referring to fig. 15, the multi-beam forming network includes 28 sub-arrays 320 (dual polarized) and four 6×14 butler matrices, which is a six-beam base station antenna providing 2 times the channel capacity as compared to the first embodiment.

Embodiment four: referring to fig. 16, the multi-beam forming network includes 8 sub-arrays 320 (dual polarization) and two 6×8 butler matrices, and the coverage distance of the six-beam base station antenna of this embodiment is shortened with respect to that of the first embodiment, but the coverage area is wider.

The embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application are for more clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can know that, with the evolution of technology and the appearance of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the technical solutions shown in the drawings are not meant to limit the embodiments of the present application, and that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if any) in the description of the present application and the above drawings are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.

It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" for describing the association relationship of the association object, the representation may have three relationships, for example, "a and/or B" may represent: only a, only B and both a and B are present, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, at least one (one) of a, b or c may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.

The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and are not thereby limiting the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the embodiments of the present application shall fall within the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. The six-beam base station antenna is characterized by comprising an array module and two multi-beam forming networks, wherein the two multi-beam forming networks are respectively used for two orthogonal polarization directions;

the multi-beam forming network includes:

the second network is provided with a plurality of second input ports and second output ports, the number of the second output ports is one to two times of that of the first output ports, and the second network is used for receiving signals output by the plurality of first output ports through the plurality of second input ports in one-to-one correspondence, and respectively outputting signals with different phases and amplitudes to the plurality of second output ports after independent amplitude addition weighting is carried out on the signals output by the plurality of first output ports;

the second network comprises m one-to-two power dividers and n fixed delay lines; wherein m and n are integers, the value ranges are 0,8, and m+n=8;

the 8 first output ports are respectively connected with the M second output ports through a one-to-two power divider or a fixed delay line; m is an even number, and M is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 16;

2. The six-beam base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the first network is a quadrature 8 x 8 butler matrix circuit, the phases of two adjacent output ports in the quadrature 8 x 8 butler matrix circuit being incremented by equal phase differences, the phase differences being multiples of 22.5 °.

3. The six-beam base station antenna according to claim 2, wherein two input ports corresponding to two output ports having the largest phase difference in the orthogonal 8 x 8 butler matrix circuit are connected to a load, and the remaining 6 input ports are used as the first input ports.

4. The six-beam base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the one-to-two power divider is an unequal power divider.

5. The six-beam base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent 2 radiating elements in the subarrays have a uniform spacing, and the adjacent two columns of subarrays have a uniform spacing and are arranged in a staggered manner according to a set height difference.

6. The six-beam base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating elements corresponding to the two output ports of each of the one-to-two power splitters are disposed 180 ° in opposite directions.

7. The six-beam base station antenna of claim 1, further comprising a reflector plate, wherein 2 of the multi-beam forming networks are disposed on a back side of the reflector plate, and wherein the array module is disposed on a front side of the reflector plate.

8. The six-beam base station antenna of claim 7, further comprising 2 closed metal cavities, 2 metal cavities being disposed on the back of the reflector plate, and 2 multi-beam forming networks being disposed in the 2 metal cavities in one-to-one correspondence.