EP0422551B1 - Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung - Google Patents

Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0422551B1
EP0422551B1 EP90119246A EP90119246A EP0422551B1 EP 0422551 B1 EP0422551 B1 EP 0422551B1 EP 90119246 A EP90119246 A EP 90119246A EP 90119246 A EP90119246 A EP 90119246A EP 0422551 B1 EP0422551 B1 EP 0422551B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sources
antenna
outputs
elementary
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90119246A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0422551A1 (de
Inventor
Régis Lenormand
Michel Coustere
Xavier Henrion
Bruno Vidal Sainte Andre
Bernard Curbelie
Antoine Roederer
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0422551A1 publication Critical patent/EP0422551A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna with electronic scanning in transmission.
  • a work entitled "space telecommunications" of the technical and scientific collection of telecommunications in particular in its volume I pages 92 to 94 and pages 259 to 261 describes on the one hand the fact of grouping several antennas, fed simultaneously by the same transmitter with the interposition of power dividers and phase shifters, the radiation characteristics of this group depending both on the diagram of each antenna and on the distribution of powers in amplitude and phase. This property is used to obtain a diagram which could not be obtained with a single radiating source. If, in addition, the characteristics of the power dividers and phase shifters are modified by electronic means, it is possible to obtain an almost instantaneous modification of the diagram.
  • the simplest grouping of radiating sources is the network, in which all the sources are identical and are deduced from each other by any translation. One can thus realize rectilinear or planar networks.
  • the illumination system of the reflector is generally off-center with respect to the latter so as to avoid any blockage of the radiating opening and to facilitate installation on the platform in the case of a spatial application.
  • the main reflector is for example a paraboloid.
  • the mobile beams are in fact the combination of elementary beams, obtained by placing a set of sources of illumination in the vicinity of the focal point, each source corresponding to an elementary beam.
  • European patent application EP-A-0 368 121 in the name of the Applicant published on May 16, 1990 and enjoying the priority of November 3, 1988 is a document referred to in Article 54 (3) of the European Patent Convention .
  • This document describes an electronic scanning antenna operating in reception or in emission, comprising a reflector focusing energy, a network of elementary sources located in the focal zone of this reflector, the coverage zone being produced by one or more spots illuminated by one or more beams, each beam being generated by several elementary sources, the elementary sources not used simultaneously being grouped in classes in which only one source can be active, the agility of beams being ensured by a switching of the elementary sources carried out by acting on the power supply of the amplifiers associated respectively with the latter.
  • each elementary source an amplifier, a filter, a controllable phase shifter, and a controllable attenuator, as well as the electronics for controlling the phase shifter, the attenuator, and the power supply of the amplifier.
  • This antenna can be reconfigured in a conventional manner by means of a beam forming network (BFN in English) placed before the amplification stage and a switching network placed after the amplification stage.
  • BFN beam forming network
  • This BFN makes it possible to adjust the phases and amplitudes of the signals from the elementary sources before amplification, and the sources contributing to each beam are selected by the switching network located between the amplification stage and the elementary sources. It is therefore a high level (amplified) switching, which selects the amplified signals which will actually be supplied to the radiating sources. Conversely, certain amplified signals will not be supplied to the radiating sources, resulting in a loss of effective efficiency of the assembly, since we will have amplified signals which will not contribute to the radiated fields.
  • the invention overcomes this problem.
  • the elementary sources are divided into k groups of n elements, and k switches are used to select a source from each group; then the k elementary sources selected by these k switches are connected by these k switches to the k inputs of a switching matrix (k) x (m) and through this switching matrix to a bank of m phase shifters, this bank of phase shifters being characterized by a fixed phase shift law for each phase shifter.
  • the desired phase shift for each source is thus obtained by switching the source in two stages, to connect it to a phase shifter having the appropriate phase shift value.
  • the control electronics of these k switches and of the switching matrix will have to be quite complicated.
  • the invention aims to solve these various problems.
  • the invention has the advantage of not requiring movement of the source or the reflector. It makes it possible to use weak focal lengths (compact antenna), and to ensure several simultaneous links.
  • the antenna of the invention represented in FIG. 1, comprises an eccentric parabolic reflector 10 supplied by a planar network 11 of sources located in the vicinity of the focal point F of the reflector, the network 12 representing the network of virtual sources, corresponding to this network 11.
  • each elementary source In the antenna according to the invention, one plays only on the phase of each elementary source; which allows the optimal synthesis of each elementary source to be carried out as if it were at focus F of the reflector.
  • Such an operation makes it possible to produce an antenna whose gain does not depend on the pointing direction, while keeping the reflector 10 and the network 11 of elementary sources.
  • the antenna directivity performance is defined by the level of coverage of the spots.
  • the antenna of the invention is provided for a number Sp, of spots, a number m of radiating elements or sources (or group of sources) corresponding to each spot.
  • Sp spots are used, each spot comprising m sources. Some sources only belong to a spot. The sources are grouped into classes so that at a given time only one source of a class is used.
  • the originality of the invention therefore lies in the arrangement of elementary sources in class.
  • a class consisting of a set of sources which are not used simultaneously for the formation of the different beams. This observation therefore makes it possible to group these classes and to choose by switching one source per class; these sources associated with each other by the input divider will form the chosen beam.
  • the matrix making the Sp spots correspond to the n sources
  • the relation of the m active sources for a given spot it is possible to identify classes of sources operating not simultaneously.
  • An adequate definition of the spots makes it possible to obtain a configuration according to which the m active sources correspond to m classes of sources operating in a non-simultaneous manner, and this for all the spots.
  • the coverage area produced by several adjacent spots is partially and simultaneously covered by one or more beams, the accesses of which are independent and using the same number m of elementary sources (of the group of sources) each selected from among m source classes never being solicited simultaneously in the same beam, so that at each instant an elementary source belonging to a class and only one is solicited , switching sources ensuring the agility of the beam (s).
  • An amplification stage 20 comprises a first and a second generalized couplers 21 and 22 respectively formed from a combination of hybrid couplers 25 on either side of amplifiers 23 so that each input of the first coupler 21 is distributed over all the amplifiers 23 and therefore on all the outputs of the hybrid couplers of the first generalized coupler 21.
  • this amplification stage 20 a signal applied to the first input, for example, spring amplified on the first output. So if a signal is applied to one of the inputs of a floor (of rank i by example), at the corresponding output (of rank i) the signal will be amplified by all the amplifiers and no other output will receive a signal.
  • the power amplifiers 23 receive on their respective inputs a signal coming from each beam, at an almost identical level. An almost uniform charge distribution is obtained over all the inputs of the amplifiers 23.
  • the signals are then reconstituted using the second generalized coupler 22 which has a structure opposite to that of the first.
  • the amplifiers 23 thus have a constant input power and can thus operate at their nominal capacity.
  • a switch (19), called “class switch” can address any source of a class, without the operation of the amplifiers is not affected. The same is true for all classes, and therefore for all amplifiers.
  • phase shift circuits (17) are controlled by a control unit not shown in the figures.
  • the antenna supply and control electronics has only one input E, that is to say that it only works with a single user, but it can also work with p users, as shown in figure 5.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Richtungssteuerung und mit einem Reflektor (10), der die Energie fokussiert, und mit einem Netz (11) von Elementarquellen, das sich in der Brennzone des Reflektors befindet, so daß die Synthese des elektromagnetischen Felds in dieser Brennzone erfolgt, wobei die Antenne eine durch mehrere benachbarte Spots realisierte Überdeckungszone besitzt und diese Spots durch den Verlauf von entsprechenden Strahlen am Boden definiert sind, wobei die Überdeckungszone teilweise und gleichzeitig durch einen oder mehrere Strahlen abgedeckt ist, dessen Zugänge unabhängig sind und die hierzu die gleiche Anzahl m von je aus m Klassen von nie gleichzeitig in einem Strahl angeregten Quellen ausgewählten aktiven Elementarquellen (oder Gruppen von Quellen) verwenden, derart, daß in jedem Augenblick genau eine Elementarquelle einer Klasse angeregt ist und die Umschaltung der Quellen die Bewegung des oder der Strahlen bewirkt, wobei die Antenne eine Speise- und Kontrollelektronik aufweist, die außerdem enthält:
    - mindestens einen Leistungsteiler (15) mit einem Eingang und m Ausgängen, die m getrennte Kanäle (V1 bis Vm) bilden,
    - und außerdem in jedem Kanal (Vi):
    . eine Kontrollvorrichtung (16) und
    . einen Schalter (19), der einen Eingang mit einem der f Ausgängen des Schalters (19) verbinden kann, wobei f nicht notwendigerweise von einem Kanal (Vi) zum anderen identisch sein muß,
    wobei diese Speise- und Steuerelektronik die Erzeugung der Strahlen mit unabhängigen Zugängen und die Anregung einer einzigen Elementarquelle in einer Klasse in jedem Augenblick erlaubt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalter (19) ein Schalter für Signale mit niedrigem Pegel ist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Speise- und Steuerelektronik außerdem in jedem Kanal (Vi) aufweist:
    . eine Verstärkungsstufe (20) mit f Eingängen und f Ausgängen und mit einem ersten und einem zweiten allgemeinen Koppler (21, 22), die sich zu beiden Seiten der f parallelgeschalteten Verstärker (23) befinden, derart, daß ein an einen der Eingänge (des Rangs i) einer Stufe (20) angelegtes Signal von allen Verstärkern (23) parallel verstärkt wird und am entsprechenden Ausgang (des Rangs i) nach Verstärkung vorliegt, während keiner der anderen Ausgänge ein Signal empfängt,
    . f parallel liegende Filter (24) zwischen den f Ausgängen der Verstärkungsstufe (20) und den f Elementarquellen (Si1 bis Sif) des Netzes.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsteiler (15) eine Gruppe von Hybridkopplern (25) enthält, die untereinander zur Bildung von m Ausgängen kombiniert sind.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuervorrichtung (16) einen regelbaren Phasenschieber (17) enthält.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste und der zweite allgemeine Koppler (21 und 22) je von einer Gruppe von Hybridkopplern (25) gebildet werden, derart, daß jeder Eingang des ersten Kopplers (21) auf alle Verstärker (23) und damit auf alle Ausgänge der Hybridkoppler des ersten allgemeinen Kopplers (21) verteilt ist, während der zweite allgemeine Koppler (22) eine zur Struktur des ersten Kopplers inverse Struktur besitzt.
EP90119246A 1989-10-10 1990-10-08 Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0422551B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8913188 1989-10-10
FR8913188A FR2652952B1 (fr) 1989-10-10 1989-10-10 Antenne a balayage electronique en emission.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0422551A1 EP0422551A1 (de) 1991-04-17
EP0422551B1 true EP0422551B1 (de) 1994-08-10

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EP90119246A Expired - Lifetime EP0422551B1 (de) 1989-10-10 1990-10-08 Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung

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EP (1) EP0422551B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03135205A (de)
CA (1) CA2027183C (de)
DE (1) DE69011456T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2652952B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014112926A1 (de) 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Niederschlagssensor, insbesondere Hagelsensor, und Verfahren zur Detektion eines Niederschlagsteilchens

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2533058C2 (ru) * 2012-05-15 2014-11-20 Евгений Вячеславович Комраков Универсальное устройство для передачи излучения от источника объекту

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62203403A (ja) * 1986-03-04 1987-09-08 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd <Kdd> アレイアンテナの給電回路
EP0368121A1 (de) * 1988-11-03 1990-05-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit elektronisch gesteuerter Ablenkung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090203A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-05-16 Trw Inc. Low sidelobe antenna system employing plural spaced feeds with amplitude control
JPS6178213A (ja) * 1984-09-25 1986-04-21 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 電力増幅装置
US4855751A (en) * 1987-04-22 1989-08-08 Trw Inc. High-efficiency multibeam antenna
FR2628896B1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1990-11-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne a reconfiguration electronique en emission
FR2628895B1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1990-11-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne a balayage electronique

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62203403A (ja) * 1986-03-04 1987-09-08 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd <Kdd> アレイアンテナの給電回路
EP0368121A1 (de) * 1988-11-03 1990-05-16 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit elektronisch gesteuerter Ablenkung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
1988 International Symposium Digest Antennas and Propagation,vol.II,IEEE,Syracuse,N.Y.,USA; *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014112926A1 (de) 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Niederschlagssensor, insbesondere Hagelsensor, und Verfahren zur Detektion eines Niederschlagsteilchens
WO2016037605A1 (de) 2014-09-09 2016-03-17 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Niederschlagssensor, insbesondere hagelsensor, und verfahren zur detektion eines niederschlagsteilchens
US9632211B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2017-04-25 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Precipitation sensor, especially a hail sensor, and method for detecting a precipitation particle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2652952A1 (fr) 1991-04-12
DE69011456D1 (de) 1994-09-15
FR2652952B1 (fr) 1992-01-24
DE69011456T2 (de) 1994-12-08
EP0422551A1 (de) 1991-04-17
CA2027183A1 (fr) 1991-04-11
JPH03135205A (ja) 1991-06-10
CA2027183C (fr) 1994-07-19

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