EP0422551A1 - Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung - Google Patents

Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0422551A1
EP0422551A1 EP90119246A EP90119246A EP0422551A1 EP 0422551 A1 EP0422551 A1 EP 0422551A1 EP 90119246 A EP90119246 A EP 90119246A EP 90119246 A EP90119246 A EP 90119246A EP 0422551 A1 EP0422551 A1 EP 0422551A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sources
outputs
elementary
antenna
antenna according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90119246A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0422551B1 (de
Inventor
Régis Lenormand
Michel Coustere
Xavier Henrion
Bruno Vidal Sainte Andre
Bernard Curbelie
Antoine Roederer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0422551A1 publication Critical patent/EP0422551A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna with electronic scanning in transmission.
  • a work entitled "space telecommunications" of the technical and scientific collection of telecommunications in particular in its volume I pages 92 to 94 and pages 259 to 261 describes on the one hand the fact of grouping several antennas, fed simultaneously by the same transmitter with the interposition of power dividers and phase shifters, the radiation characteristics of this group depending both on the diagram of each antenna and on the distribution of powers in amplitude and phase. This property is used to obtain a diagram which could not be obtained with a single radiating source. If, in addition, the characteristics of the power dividers and phase shifters are modified by electronic means, it is possible to obtain an almost instantaneous modification of the diagram.
  • the simplest grouping of radiating sources is the network, in which all the sources are identical and are deduced from each other by any translation. One can thus realize rectilinear or planar networks.
  • the illumination system of the reflector is generally off-center with respect to the latter so as to avoid any blockage of the radiating opening and to facilitate installation on the platform in the case of a spatial application.
  • the main reflector is for example a paraboloid.
  • the mobile beams are in fact the combination of elementary beams, obtained by placing a set of sources of illumination in the vicinity of the focal point, each source corresponding to an elementary beam.
  • the illumination is not geometrically perfect and there are phase aberrations which slightly degrade the radiation performance, therefore decreases in gain compared to the values achievable at home. These degradations are all the more important that you move away from the focal point and that the curvature of the reflector is large. Reflectors must therefore be made as "flat” as possible, that is to say with a focal distance to high aperture diameter ratio. This leads to structures of large dimensions which pose problems of precision and mechanical strength.
  • the configuration of these large antennas must also take into account several system aspects: - satellite volume limitation, linked to the need for an antenna to transmit and receive simultaneously; - compatibility of an easy mechanical arrangement on the platform, and on the launcher before and during operation; - good thermal control; - possible multiplicity of missions and users.
  • the invention aims to solve these different problems.
  • an antenna with electronic scanning in emission comprising a reflector focusing energy, a network of elementary sources, located in the focal zone of this reflector, so as to carry out the synthesis of the electromagnetic field in this focal zone, characterized in that it has a coverage area produced by several adjacent spots, which is partially and simultaneously covered by one or more beams whose accesses are independent and using for this the same number m of elementary sources (or groups of sources) selected each among m classes of sources which are never solicited simultaneously in the same beam, so that at each instant an elementary source belonging to a class and only one is solicited, the switching of the sources ensuring the agility of the beam (s) .
  • the invention has the advantage of not requiring movement of the source or the reflector. It makes it possible to use weak focal lengths (compact antenna), and to ensure several simultaneous links.
  • the advantages compared to a direct radiation network solution are as follows: - The performance of the antenna is not directly linked to the total size of the network; - The installation is not necessarily on the earth face of the satellite.
  • the proposed solution Compared to an imaging network solution with a single reflector, the proposed solution has the following advantages: - the overall dimension of the network is reduced; - the antenna efficiency is improved.
  • the antenna of the invention shown in FIG. 1, comprises an eccentric parabolic reflector 10 supplied by a planar network 11 of sources located in the vicinity of the focal point F of the reflector, the network 12 representing the network of virtual sources, corresponding to this network 11.
  • each elementary source plays only on the phase of each elementary source; which makes it possible to achieve the optimal synthesis of each elementary source as if it were at the focus F of the reflector.
  • Such an operation makes it possible to produce an antenna whose gain does not depend on the pointing direction, while keeping the reflector 10 and the network 11 of elementary sources.
  • the antenna directivity performance is defined by the level of coverage of the spots.
  • the antenna of the invention is provided for a number Sp, of spots, a number m of radiating elements or sources (or group of sources) corresponding to each spot.
  • Sp spots are used, each spot comprising m sources. Some sources only belong to a spot. The sources are grouped into classes so that at a given time only one source of a class is used.
  • the originality of the invention therefore lies in the arrangement of elementary sources in class.
  • a class consisting of a set of sources which are not used simultaneously for the formation of the different beams. This observation therefore makes it possible to group these classes and to choose by switching one source per class; these sources associated with each other by the input divider will form the chosen beam.
  • the matrix making the Sp spots correspond to the n sources
  • the relation of the m active sources for a given spot it is possible to identify classes of sources operating not simultaneously.
  • An adequate definition of the spots makes it possible to obtain a configuration according to which the m active sources correspond to m classes of sources operating in a non-simultaneous manner, and this for all the spots.
  • the coverage area produced by several adjacent spots is partially and simultaneously covered by one or more beams, the accesses of which are independent and using the same number m of elementary sources (of the group of sources) each selected from among m source classes never being solicited simultaneously in the same beam, so that at each instant an elementary source belonging to a class and only one is solicited , switching sources ensuring the agility of the beam (s).
  • An embodiment of electronic supply and control of such an antenna according to the invention comprises: a power divider 15 with an input E and m outputs which form m separate channels V1 to Vm; - and on each channel (Vi) (which corresponds to a class): . a control device 16 comprising an adjustable phase shifter 17; . a switch, or "switch", low level 19 allowing an input to be connected to one of the f outputs; . an amplification stage 20 with f inputs and f outputs comprising a first and a second generalized couplers 21 and 22 arranged on either side of f amplifiers 23 arranged in parallel; . f filters 24 arranged in parallel between the f outputs of the amplification stage 20 and f sources Si1 to Sif of the network; f not necessarily being identical from one channel to another;
  • the power divider 15 consists of a set of hybrid couplers 25 which are combined together to form m outputs.
  • An amplification stage 20 comprises a first and a second generalized couplers 21 and 22 respectively formed of a combination of hybrid couplers 25 on either side of amplifiers 23 so that each input of the first coupler 21 is distributed over all the amplifiers 23 and therefore on all the outputs of the hybrid couplers of the first generalized coupler 21.
  • this amplification stage 20 a signal applied to the first input, for example, spring amplified on the first output. So if a signal is applied to one of the inputs of a stage (of rank i by example), at the corresponding output (of rank i) the signal will be amplified by all the amplifiers and no other output will receive a signal.
  • the power amplifiers 23 receive on their respective inputs a signal coming from each beam, at an almost identical level. A nearly uniform charge distribution is obtained over all the inputs of the amplifiers 23. The signals are then reconstructed using the second generalized coupler 22 which has a structure opposite to that of the first.
  • the amplifiers 23 thus have a constant input power and can therefore operate at their nominal capacity.
  • a switch (19), called “class switch” can address any source of a class, without the operation of the amplifiers is not affected. The same is true for all classes, and therefore for all amplifiers.
  • phase shift circuits (17) are controlled by a control unit not shown in the figures.
  • the antenna supply and control electronics has only one input E, that is to say that it only works with a single user, but it can also work with p users, as shown in figure 5.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP90119246A 1989-10-10 1990-10-08 Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0422551B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8913188 1989-10-10
FR8913188A FR2652952B1 (fr) 1989-10-10 1989-10-10 Antenne a balayage electronique en emission.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0422551A1 true EP0422551A1 (de) 1991-04-17
EP0422551B1 EP0422551B1 (de) 1994-08-10

Family

ID=9386231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90119246A Expired - Lifetime EP0422551B1 (de) 1989-10-10 1990-10-08 Sendeantenne mit elektronischer Schaltung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0422551B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03135205A (de)
CA (1) CA2027183C (de)
DE (1) DE69011456T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2652952B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013172736A1 (ru) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 Komrakov Evgeny Vyacheslavovich Универсальное устройство для передачи излучения от источника объекту

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014112926A1 (de) 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Niederschlagssensor, insbesondere Hagelsensor, und Verfahren zur Detektion eines Niederschlagsteilchens

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2326055A1 (fr) * 1975-09-29 1977-04-22 Trw Inc Reseau d'antennes a faible niveau de lobes secondaires
FR2570883A1 (fr) * 1984-09-25 1986-03-28 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Dispositif d'amplification de puissance
US4855751A (en) * 1987-04-22 1989-08-08 Trw Inc. High-efficiency multibeam antenna
EP0333166A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-20 Alcatel Espace Elektronisch wiederkonfigurierbare Sendeantenne
EP0340429A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-11-08 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0746761B2 (ja) * 1986-03-04 1995-05-17 国際電信電話株式会社 アレイアンテナの給電回路
FR2638573B1 (fr) * 1988-11-03 1991-06-14 Alcatel Espace Antenne a balayage electronique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2326055A1 (fr) * 1975-09-29 1977-04-22 Trw Inc Reseau d'antennes a faible niveau de lobes secondaires
FR2570883A1 (fr) * 1984-09-25 1986-03-28 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Dispositif d'amplification de puissance
US4855751A (en) * 1987-04-22 1989-08-08 Trw Inc. High-efficiency multibeam antenna
EP0333166A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-20 Alcatel Espace Elektronisch wiederkonfigurierbare Sendeantenne
EP0340429A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-11-08 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE vol. 2, 23 octobre 1988, San Diego,California, USA pages 369 - 373; J.P.MONTGOMERY et al.: "Large multibeam lens antennas for EHF Satcom" *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013172736A1 (ru) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 Komrakov Evgeny Vyacheslavovich Универсальное устройство для передачи излучения от источника объекту

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2652952A1 (fr) 1991-04-12
JPH03135205A (ja) 1991-06-10
EP0422551B1 (de) 1994-08-10
CA2027183A1 (fr) 1991-04-11
DE69011456D1 (de) 1994-09-15
DE69011456T2 (de) 1994-12-08
FR2652952B1 (fr) 1992-01-24
CA2027183C (fr) 1994-07-19

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