EP0407243A1 - Mehrfachkeulen-Antennensystem mit aktiven Modulen und mit Keulenbildung durch numerische Berechnung - Google Patents

Mehrfachkeulen-Antennensystem mit aktiven Modulen und mit Keulenbildung durch numerische Berechnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0407243A1
EP0407243A1 EP90401676A EP90401676A EP0407243A1 EP 0407243 A1 EP0407243 A1 EP 0407243A1 EP 90401676 A EP90401676 A EP 90401676A EP 90401676 A EP90401676 A EP 90401676A EP 0407243 A1 EP0407243 A1 EP 0407243A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ffc
modules
signals
network
diagram
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Granted
Application number
EP90401676A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0407243B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Pourailly
Joseph Roger
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system with active modules and beam forming by digital calculation.
  • the digital FFC consists in digitally executing this weighted summation of the signals delivered by the elementary antennas.
  • an electronic scanning is carried out by applying a variable and controlled phase shift to the signals delivered by the elementary antennas (or, in transmission, applied to them), so that the cumulation of the different phase shifts, combined with the pitch of the network, producing a "main lobe" whose direction with the central axis of the network forms a variable angle, modified according to needs.
  • a beamforming antenna by digital calculation comprises: - a plurality of elementary antennas configured in a network, a plurality of active transmitting and / or receiving amplifier modules, in a number equal to that of the elementary antennas and each associated, respectively, with one of these (a set of elements will be called "active module”) assets - such as power amplifiers for transmission, low noise amplifiers for reception, phase shifters, etc.
  • FFC module the input of which receives the microwave signal after low noise amplification, the output of which is in the form of a complex number representative of the analog input signal - that is to say a number with two parameters, corresponding to two quadrature channels, called " sine channel "and” cosine channel ")
  • FFC processor means developing, from the complex digital data delivered by the various FFC modules of the system, weighted sums of these data, the weighting corresponding to a reception channel defining a narrow beam of the antenna radiation diagram.
  • an FFC module is placed at the output of each channel for receiving the active modules.
  • the second technique consists in grouping the elementary antennas of the network into adjacent sub-networks obtained by combining the signals from neighboring active modules, and not provide only one FFC module for each subnet.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to remedy these various drawbacks by proposing an FFC antenna architecture with active modules making it possible to manage several beams simultaneously, while however significantly limiting the amount of information to be processed by the processor and, in one embodiment, also significantly reducing the number of FFC modules required.
  • the system further comprises a plurality of spatial pre-filtering circuits, each of which receives as input a plurality of signals from the active modules arranged upstream and delivers a signal at the output, to an associated FFC module arranged downstream, which is an amplitude-weighted sum of some of the signals received at the input, each FFC module thus being associated with a sub-network of the network of elementary antennas, the various sub -networks thus formed being nested between them and the weighting of the signals of each subnetwork being chosen so that the diagram thereof is a sectoral diagram essentially letting pass only the signals coming from a restricted area of the space, the number of these space pre-filtering circuits as well as the FFC modules associated with them is less than the number of elementary antennas, and -
  • the FFC processor means simultaneously process the
  • spatial prefiltering essentially serves to reduce the amount of information to be processed by the FFC processor, without seeking to reduce the number of FFC modules.
  • FFC modules are placed immediately after each corresponding active module (the two modules can be, moreover, integrated), and the subnets are then formed by calculating sums weighted directly from the signals thus digitized.
  • the system further comprises spatial pre-filtering means receiving as input the signals delivered by the FFC modules arranged upstream and delivering as output, to the FFC processor means disposed downstream, amplitude-weighted sums of some of the signals received at input, so as to constitute a sub-network of the network of elementary antennae, the different subnetworks thus formed being nested between them and the weighting of the signals of each subnetwork being chosen so that the diagram thereof is a sectoral diagram essentially letting pass only the signals coming from a restricted area of the space, and the FFC processor means process the signals at the output of the spatial pre-filtering means so as to obtain for the radiation pattern of the antenna an equivalent number of simultaneous, distinct beams of uniform quality.
  • the spatial pre-filtering means can in particular be implemented by a programmable controller.
  • the weighting carried out by the FFC processor means is an adaptive weighting ensuring the convergence of the pointing in the direction of the space sought.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the reference 1 designates the elementary antennas of the array (for clarity of the drawing, only a limited number of these elementary antennas have been shown, which in reality are in much higher number, typically of the order of 4000 to 5000 ).
  • Each elementary antenna is associated with an active module 2, of a type known per se (and the structure of which will be described below with reference to FIG. 3), essentially consisting of the receiving and / or transmitting amplifier circuits.
  • a plurality of nested subnets (three in FIG. 1) is formed, by means of equi-amplitude and equi-phase 3 distributors which distribute the signals from the amplifiers to distribute them to a certain number (three, in the example illustrated) of spatial pre-filtering networks 4 whose role is to sum the signals they receive as input by applying to these signals amplitude weighting coefficients, characteristic of each of the sub - networks that we want to build.
  • the surface of the sub-networks can, thanks to the nesting, be chosen to obtain diagrams having a very specific secondary radiation, that is to say a diagram very close to an ideal sectoral diagram, because we can indeed assign to each sub-network a sufficient number of signals to establish the desired weighting.
  • the output signal from each of these spatial pre-filtering circuits 4 (that is to say the signal corresponding to each of the subnets that have been formed) is applied as input to an FFC module 5 of known type ( and the structure of which will be described below with reference to FIG. 4) which outputs a complex digital value, in the form of two signals I and Q (the "sine channel” and “cosine channel” mentioned above).
  • the I and Q components of the complex values delivered by the different FFC modules of the system are applied to an FFC 6 processor which will simultaneously process the digital values corresponding to each of the subnets, thus making it possible, as we are looking for, to obtain a plurality brushes of uniform quality.
  • the FCC computer can, advantageously, be a looped, “intelligent” device, delivering, by means of appropriate algorithms, an adaptive signal making it possible to point in the precise direction of the space where it is needed, avoiding jammers by creating “holes” in the diagram in the direction of these: we thus obtain the desired result of an antenna whose diagram is constituted by a “cluster” of narrow beams, precisely adjustable, anti-scrambled and of high quality homogeneous.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a diagram taken for one of the nested sub-networks (that is to say of a diagram obtained by an appropriate weighting in one of the spatial pre-filtering circuits 4), with, as we can see it, a central main lobe defining approximately the ideal sectoral diagram mentioned above.
  • FIG. 6 shows the network diagram obtained by the FFC modules alone, that is to say without the prefiltering of the subnets
  • FIG. 7 shows this same diagram after prefiltering, that is to say the diagram obtained by combining the separate diagrams in FIGS. 5 and 6: it can thus be seen that the large lobes of the diagram in FIG. 6 practically disappear completely after passing through the sub-network prefilter.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the possibility that one has, with the same data set, of forming FFC lobes in the entire area defined by the prefilter; for this purpose, by an electronic scan resulting from an appropriate control of the FFC modules, the diagram of FIG. 6 is translated by a few degrees or fractions of a degree to the right or to the left, and therefore the central lobe thereof. , so as to scan by the latter the entire angular sector defined by the sub-network.
  • FIG. 8 thus corresponds to a series of homologous diagrams of the diagram of FIG. 7, obtained with the same spatial pre-filtering diagram (that of FIG. 5) but by shifting a few degrees or fractions of degrees to the left or to the right the diagram of FIG. 6 by an appropriate command of the FFC modules.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 instead of a pointing in the axis, there has been a shift of + 30 °, the diagram in FIG. 5 becoming that of FIG. 9 and the diagram in FIG. 7, that in Figure 10.
  • each of the spatial pre-filtering circuits uses the signals delivered by the entire system
  • this characteristic is not essential, and, in practice (in particular to limit the noise factor of the antenna when the latter comprises a high number of active modules), it could be necessary to limit the number of signals assigned to each sub-network.
  • the pre-filtering takes place downstream (in the direction of reception) of the modules active, you can use the signals from their amplifiers for several prefilters, so achieve a very high nesting without penalizing the signal / noise ratio.
  • linear network has been taken for example.
  • the invention is however not limited to such a type of network, and applies to networks of any shape, in particular surface or volume networks.
  • the FFC network need not be, as illustrated, a regular pitch network; the distribution can be arbitrary, provided that no network lobes are generated inside the prefiltered zone.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention, also using the same spatial prefiltering technique, but replacing the mesh between the distributors 3 and the spatial prefiltering circuit 4 by a distribution operated by calculation, directly on values digital.
  • each active module 2 is associated with an FFC module 5 (the two modules being able, moreover, to be physically integrated into a single circuit) delivering the complex digital values I and Q to a digital prefilter 4 such that '' a distributed computer (preferably a programmable controller) which will directly constitute the sub-networks by calculation by determining the appropriate weighted sums from the signals digitized upstream.
  • FFC module 5 the two modules being able, moreover, to be physically integrated into a single circuit
  • This architecture also provides, compared to that of the embodiment of FIG. 1, the advantages of simplification of the connections, of reduction in the number of coding bits of the digital converters (because, due to the spatial pre-filtering, the dynamics of the signals may be weaker) and of distribution of the computing power near the modules where the data are produced - that is to say that most of the digital mass processing will take place near the active and FFC modules, thereby relieving the task of the computer 6.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, the general structure of the active modules 2 and of the FFC modules 5. These modules have only been shown schematically insofar as, essentially, they are structures in themselves known.
  • Each active module 2 is made up (FIG. 3) of a phase shifter 10 making it possible to orient the wave plane at will.
  • This phase shifter is connected on the one hand to the transmission and reception circuits and on the other hand to a switch 11.
  • this switch connects the phase shifter to a power amplifier consisting of stages 12, 13 supplying the antenna elementary 1 via a circulator 14 and a harmonic filter 15; on reception, the elementary antenna 1 supplies, via the filter 15 and the circulator 14, a low noise amplifier 16, generally via a limiting stage 17.
  • the amplifier 16 delivers the signal picked up and amplified to the phase shifter 10 (via the transmission switch / reception 11) by means of an attenuator 18 used for adjusting the level, in particular for the amplitude weighting of the elementary antenna in the network.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the diagram of an FFC 5 module, of analog type.
  • the latter receives as input a microwave signal S, which is lowered to a first intermediate frequency, of the order of 1000 MHz, by a mixer 20 supplied by a local oscillator OL1, common to all the FFC modules.
  • the signal output from the melan geur is filtered at 21 and amplified at 22, then subjected to a second frequency change (to result in a second intermediate frequency of the order of 60 MHz), this second frequency change being carried out on two similar channels each comprising a mixer 23, 23 ′, a low-pass filter 24, 24 ′ and a video amplifier 25, 25 ′.
  • an amplitude / phase demodulation must be carried out using two local oscillator signals OL2 in quadrature, which are respectively applied to each of the two mixers 23 and 23 ′.
  • each of the two quadrature signals is digitized by a respective analog / digital converter 26, 26 ′ to give the signals I (reference signal) and Q (quadrature signal) delivered by each of the FFC modules.
  • this description corresponds to an analog FFC module, that is to say in which the analog / digital conversion is carried out after demodulation; it is also possible to provide a digital FFC module, that is to say in which, the digitization being performed upstream, the amplitude / phase demodulation is performed digitally, by calculation, and not by mixing and filtering of signals.

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EP90401676A 1989-07-04 1990-06-15 Mehrfachkeulen-Antennensystem mit aktiven Modulen und mit Keulenbildung durch numerische Berechnung Revoked EP0407243B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8908960A FR2649544B1 (fr) 1989-07-04 1989-07-04 Systeme d'antenne a faisceaux multiples a modules actifs et formation de faisceaux par le calcul numerique
FR8908960 1989-07-04

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EP0407243A1 true EP0407243A1 (de) 1991-01-09
EP0407243B1 EP0407243B1 (de) 1994-09-07

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US (1) US5034752A (de)
EP (1) EP0407243B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03108902A (de)
DE (1) DE69012238T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2649544B1 (de)

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EP0624008A2 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-09 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Nutzlast eines Satelliten für mobiles Kommunikationssystem
EP0627717A1 (de) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines drahtlosen Datenaustauschs zwischen einer Feststation und sich bewegenden Objekten
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US5539415A (en) * 1994-09-15 1996-07-23 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Antenna feed and beamforming network
FR2741478A1 (fr) * 1993-12-28 1997-05-23 Le Centre Thomson D Applic Rad Antenne a formation de faisceaux par calcul segmentee en sous-reseaux
EP0798806A1 (de) * 1996-03-25 1997-10-01 Trw Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vorspannungsfehlerreduzierung in einem N-Tor-Strahlformer des Butler-Matrix-Typs
WO2007053213A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-10 The Boeing Company Phased array antenna systems and methods
FR2919731A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-06 Thales Sa Architecture radar modulaire
US7551136B1 (en) 2006-07-24 2009-06-23 The Boeing Company Multi-beam phased array antenna for limited scan applications
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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0588045A1 (de) * 1992-08-28 1994-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einer Feststation und sich bewegenden Objekten
US5422647A (en) * 1993-05-07 1995-06-06 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Mobile communication satellite payload
US5623269A (en) * 1993-05-07 1997-04-22 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Mobile communication satellite payload
EP0624008A3 (de) * 1993-05-07 1995-01-18 Loral Space Systems Inc Nutzlast eines Satelliten für mobiles Kommunikationssystem.
EP1133076A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 2001-09-12 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Nutzlast eines Satelliten für mobiles Kommunikationssystem
EP1133002A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 2001-09-12 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Nutzlast eines Satellites für mobiles Kommunikationssystem
US5548292A (en) * 1993-05-07 1996-08-20 Space Systems/Loral Mobile communication satellite payload
EP0624008A2 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-09 Space Systems / Loral, Inc. Nutzlast eines Satelliten für mobiles Kommunikationssystem
US5757285A (en) * 1993-06-01 1998-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for effecting a wireless exchange of data between a stationary station and moving objects
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FR2741478A1 (fr) * 1993-12-28 1997-05-23 Le Centre Thomson D Applic Rad Antenne a formation de faisceaux par calcul segmentee en sous-reseaux
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EP0407243B1 (de) 1994-09-07
JPH03108902A (ja) 1991-05-09
DE69012238D1 (de) 1994-10-13
US5034752A (en) 1991-07-23
FR2649544B1 (fr) 1991-11-29
DE69012238T2 (de) 1995-04-13
FR2649544A1 (fr) 1991-01-11

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