EP0403811A1 - Quasi-optisches Gyrotron - Google Patents

Quasi-optisches Gyrotron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403811A1
EP0403811A1 EP90109716A EP90109716A EP0403811A1 EP 0403811 A1 EP0403811 A1 EP 0403811A1 EP 90109716 A EP90109716 A EP 90109716A EP 90109716 A EP90109716 A EP 90109716A EP 0403811 A1 EP0403811 A1 EP 0403811A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quasi
resonator
electromagnetic radiation
optical
mirrors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90109716A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Günter Dr. Mathews
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0403811A1 publication Critical patent/EP0403811A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
    • H01J23/207—Tuning of single resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/025—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a quasi-optical gyrotron for generating electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter and submillimeter range, in which electrons running along an electron beam axis are forced to gyrate by a static magnetic field aligned parallel to the electron beam axis and in a quasi-optical resonator, which is two, on one includes mirrors arranged opposite one another perpendicular to the electron beam axis, excite an alternating electromagnetic field, so that the electromagnetic radiation can be coupled out of the resonator.
  • a quasi-optical gyrotron of the type mentioned at the outset is, for example, from the patent CH-664045 or from the article "The gyrotron, key component for high-power microwave transmitters", HG Mathews, Minh Quang Tran, Brown Boveri Review 6-1987, pp. 303-307. With such a gyrotron, electromagnetic radiation in a frequency range of typically more than 100 GHz can be generated with great power.
  • the solution is that the mirrors of the quasi-optical resonator are at a mutual distance which is much larger than half a wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and means are provided for varying the spacing of the mirrors at high frequency are which cause the distance to vary by at least about half a wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the radiation is preferably generated in the form of pulses which have a pulse duration of no more than about 10 ms.
  • the means for high-frequency variation work at a frequency that is much larger than the inverse pulse duration. It is typically on the order of a multiple of the inverse pulse duration.
  • the other mirror is attached to a vibrator and is moved with a vibration amplitude which is not less than approximately half a wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • each vibrator works with a vibration amplitude that corresponds to about a quarter of a half wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • means can be provided for generating a slowly changing auxiliary magnetic field which is superimposed on the static magnetic field.
  • FIG. 1 shows the parts of an inventive quasi-optical gyrotron which are essential for explaining the invention.
  • An electron gun not shown in the figure, injects electrons in the form of e.g. ring-shaped electron beam 1.
  • the electrons run along an electron beam axis 2.
  • Two coils 3a and 3b are arranged on the electron beam axis 2 at a distance corresponding to their radius (so-called Helmholtz arrangement). They generate a static magnetic field aligned parallel to the electron beam axis 2, which forces the electrons to gyrate.
  • a quasi-optical resonator is arranged between the two coils 3a, 3b. It consists of two spherical, circular mirrors 4a and 4b, which are arranged opposite one another on a resonator axis 5.
  • the resonator axis 5 is perpendicular to the electron beam axis 2.
  • the electrons excite an alternating electromagnetic field in the quasi-optical resonator, so that in one of the two mirrors 4a, which is used for this purpose e.g. is provided with suitable ring-shaped coupling-out slots 6, the desired microwaves can be coupled out and guided through a window 7 and a waveguide 8 to a consumer.
  • the two coils 3a, 3b, the resonator and, of course, the electron beam 1 are located in a vessel 9 in a high vacuum.
  • the two mirrors 4a, 4b of the resonator are at a mutual distance D.
  • this distance D determines the possible resonance frequencies of the resonator in the stationary case. They are given by the condition that the distance D must be an integral multiple of half a wavelength of the alternating electromagnetic field. According to the invention, the distance is now much larger than half a wavelength. As a result, the electrons can excite several adjacent resonance frequencies simultaneously in the resonator.
  • the gyrotron changes to the steady state, in which a mode with a certain resonance frequency dominates.
  • one of the mirrors 4b preferably the one in which no radiation is coupled out, is attached to a vibrator 10.
  • the vibrator 10 is fixed to the vessel 9, for example. It moves the mirror 4b back and forth on the resonator axis 5 with a vibration amplitude which corresponds to approximately half a wavelength.
  • the effect of the vibrator 10 can be explained with reference to FIG. 2a.
  • Varying the distance is done at a high speed, respectively. a high frequency. It is not absolutely necessary for the distance to vary with a fixed, high frequency. Under certain circumstances, it may also be advantageous to vibrate the mirror periodically or stochastically as desired. In any case, the electromagnetic radiation generated will statistically cover the desired bandwidth B (Histisch) due to the fluctuating energy of the different modes.
  • the quasi-optical gyrotron operates in pulse mode, so that radiation in the form of pulses with a pulse duration of no more than about 10 ms is generated.
  • the radiation generated thus always has a maximum bandwidth B (H0).
  • the vibration frequency is preferably in a range from several 100 Hz to several kHz.
  • the size of the required vibration amplitude and the mechanical vibration properties of the mirror play a key role in determining the vibration frequency.
  • the corresponding mirror is advantageously moved stochastically.
  • the high-frequency variation of the distance D between the mirrors 4a, 4b by at least half a wavelength can of course also be achieved by each of the two mirrors 4a and 4b being attached to its own vibrator.
  • Each of the two vibrators then preferably works with a vibration amplitude of only a quarter of the wavelength. This second embodiment of the invention is particularly desirable when large vibration amplitudes are required.
  • piezoelectric vibration transmitters are preferably used as vibrators.
  • means are additionally provided for generating a slowly changing auxiliary magnetic field.
  • This has the task of modulating the static magnetic field in its field strength so that the gyration frequency of the electrons slowly, i.e. from pulse to pulse, changes and the average bandwidth of the coupled electromagnetic radiation is additionally broadened.
  • the auxiliary magnetic field is thus superimposed on the static magnetic field. It has essentially the same direction and a field strength which is small in relation to that of the static magnetic field.
  • auxiliary coils 11a and 11b are arranged in a Helmholtz arrangement coaxial to the electron beam axis 2 on both sides of the resonator axis 5. In this way, they generate the desired, slowly changing auxiliary magnetic field in the vicinity of the axis of the electron beam axis 2, which is also substantially parallel to the electron beam axis 2.
  • Fig. 2a shows the spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation when the auxiliary magnetic field disappears, ie at a magnetic field strength H0 (static magnetic field).
  • Fig. 2b shows the spectrum when the auxiliary magnetic field has the value + dH, ie with a total magnetic field strength H + dH.
  • the higher gyration frequency of the electrons due to the stronger magnetic field means that higher modes are excited in the resonator.
  • the shifted bandwidth B (H (+ dH) now includes, for example, the resonance frequencies f3, ..., f8.
  • the bandwidth B H0-dH
  • the auxiliary magnetic field cannot be changed so quickly that the above-described increase in the average bandwidth can occur within a single pulse.
  • the shift has an effect from pulse to pulse and leads to the described increase in bandwidth over a number of pulses. This is typically on the order of 10-20% of the bandwidth B (H0), i.e. without auxiliary magnetic field.
  • the electromagnetic radiation from the gyrotron should have an average frequency (fundamental frequency) of 150 GHz.
  • the wavelength (in a vacuum) is then about 2 mm.
  • B (H 3.) 3.75 GHz, which corresponds to approximately 2.5% of the average frequency of 150 GHz.
  • the quasi-optical gyrotron according to the invention thus generates millimeter and submillimeter waves, the bandwidth of which is about a factor of 10 3 larger than in the prior art.
  • the distance varies by about half a wavelength. It is clear that with smaller changes (significantly less than half a wavelength) the entire spectral range of the given bandwidth cannot be covered. Rather, there are gaps. However, it is entirely within the scope of the invention to vary the distance, for example periodically or irregularly, by more than half a wavelength, since the entire bandwidth is also covered in this way.
  • the invention has created a broadband source of high power for millimeter and submillimeter waves, which is particularly suitable for use in jammers.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
EP90109716A 1989-06-23 1990-05-22 Quasi-optisches Gyrotron Withdrawn EP0403811A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2349/89 1989-06-23
CH2349/89A CH678244A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-06-23 1989-06-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0403811A1 true EP0403811A1 (de) 1990-12-27

Family

ID=4231713

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90109716A Withdrawn EP0403811A1 (de) 1989-06-23 1990-05-22 Quasi-optisches Gyrotron

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5052003A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0403811A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH0330243A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1020987C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH678244A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3444999B2 (ja) * 1994-03-17 2003-09-08 三菱電機株式会社 ジャイロトロン装置
US6229652B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-05-08 The Regents Of The University Of California High reflectance and low stress Mo2C/Be multilayers
US7076632B2 (en) * 2003-10-16 2006-07-11 International Business Machines Corporation Fast paging of a large memory block
CN102709665B (zh) * 2012-02-29 2014-07-16 电子科技大学 用于回旋管的可调谐准光谐振腔

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR891692A (fr) * 1941-11-10 1944-03-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Générateur d'oscillations électriques ultra-courtes
US2383343A (en) * 1940-08-13 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-cylinder short-wave resonator apparatus

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559475A (en) * 1984-07-12 1985-12-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quasi-optical harmonic gyrotron and gyroklystron
JPS61153924A (ja) * 1984-12-26 1986-07-12 Toshiba Corp ジヤイロトロン装置
ES2023680B3 (es) * 1987-03-03 1992-02-01 Centre De Rech En Physique Des Plasmas Girotron de alto rendimiento para obtencion de ondas electromagneticas milimetricas o submilimetricas

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2383343A (en) * 1940-08-13 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-cylinder short-wave resonator apparatus
FR891692A (fr) * 1941-11-10 1944-03-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Générateur d'oscillations électriques ultra-courtes

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING, Technical Digest, 6-9 December 1987, Washington, D.C. K.E. KREISCHER et al.: "Operation of a step tuna ble, megawatt gyrotron", pages 804 to 807 *
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS. vol. 57, no. 6, Dezember 1984, LONDON GB Seiten 787 - 799; V. L. GRANATSTEIN: "High average power and high peak power gyrotrons: present capabilities and future prospects" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH678244A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-08-15
CN1048948A (zh) 1991-01-30
US5052003A (en) 1991-09-24
JPH0330243A (ja) 1991-02-08
CN1020987C (zh) 1993-05-26

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