EP0403332B1 - Heraufgeschwefelter rostfreier austenitischer Stahl mit erhöhter Bearbeitbarkeit - Google Patents

Heraufgeschwefelter rostfreier austenitischer Stahl mit erhöhter Bearbeitbarkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403332B1
EP0403332B1 EP90401511A EP90401511A EP0403332B1 EP 0403332 B1 EP0403332 B1 EP 0403332B1 EP 90401511 A EP90401511 A EP 90401511A EP 90401511 A EP90401511 A EP 90401511A EP 0403332 B1 EP0403332 B1 EP 0403332B1
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Prior art keywords
inclusions
calcium
stainless steel
equal
fact
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French (fr)
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EP0403332A1 (de
Inventor
Olivier Bletton
Roger Duet
Marc Henry
Jean-Yves Cogne
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Ugitech SA
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Ugine Savoie SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a resulfurized austenitic stainless steel with improved machinability.
  • Such an austenitic steel is known from JP-A-160785.
  • This patent deals with a steel which can be machined and deformed cold and which, in weight composition, in particular, a sulfur content of less than 0.030%, calcium and oxygen contents respectively included in the ranges 10-300 ppm and 30-300 ppm , 0.8 to 5% copper and 0.01 to 0.25% lead.
  • austenitic stainless steels are difficult to machine, largely because of their low thermal conductivity, resulting in poor flow of heat produced at the tip of a cutting tool and rapid deterioration of the 'tool and their high hardening locally inducing high hardness areas.
  • One way to improve machinability is the introduction of the lead element, in particular in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.25%.
  • This element has the disadvantages of being difficult to dissolve homogeneously in a molten bath, and, because of its high density, of having a tendency to accumulate in the bottom of metallurgical vessels. In addition, it forms phases with a low melting point deteriorating the hot deformability.
  • FR-A-2,542,761 which describes a process manufacturing high machinability steel
  • another cause of the difficulty in machining stainless steels is the fact that they contain inclusions of hard oxides such as for example alumina or chromite which damage the cutting tools.
  • One way to reduce the harmfulness of hard oxide inclusions is to introduce into the steel one or more alkaline earth compounds, in order to replace in a good proportion the hard inclusions by inclusions of calcium-based oxides, for example. It is specified on the one hand, that a certain quantity of sulfur combined with hard inclusions reduces its harmfulness, the sulfur content being generally less than 0.5 10 ⁇ 4%, and on the other hand, that a Another way to reduce the harmfulness of inclusions is to reduce their quantity thanks to good deoxidation and good decantation of the molten bath during the production of steel.
  • an austenitic stainless steel which has good aptitude for hot work and whose weight composition is as follows: carbon between 0.03 and 0.15% silicon between 0.10 and 1.00% manganese between 1.00 and 2.00% phosphorus less than 0.20% except between 0.15 and 0.35% nickel between 8.00 and 10.00% chromium between 17.00 and 19.00% calcium between 20.10-4 and 60.10-4 oxygen less than 45.10-4 the rest being iron.
  • the problem which this document proposes to solve is to obtain a steel which has a good aptitude for hot working and which does not exhibit any tearing of the ends when the ingot is rolled in order to prevent the ends from rolling up. around the cylinders.
  • the subject of the present invention is a resulfurized austenitic steel with improved unisability containing on the one hand sulfur for the creation of a manganese and chromium sulfide having lubricating properties and on the other hand a determined proportion oxygen and calcium introduced in the form of lime silicoaluminate, in order to create, in number, specific inclusions improving the machinability.
  • Calcium is introduced, during the preparation, into the molten bath, by addition of silico-calcium under control of the oxygen contents.
  • the austenitic steel comprises sulfur in a proportion of between 0.15 and 0.35%.
  • the value of the ratio of the contents of calcium and oxygen elements is between 0.3 and 0.5.
  • the range of values of the Ca / O ratio is determined by machinability measurements of the various steels having the basic composition of the steel according to the invention and the calcium and oxygen contents are varied.
  • the manganese sulfide and chromium inclusions are coated with a lime silicoaluminate phase of the anorthite and / or pseudowollastonite type to form associated inclusions.
  • the creation of this type of inclusion is made possible by the introduction of calcium compounds into the liquid bath under the control of determined oxygen contents.
  • the associated inclusions have a form factor of between 3 and 6.
  • the form factor is determined by the ratio of the length to the width of the inclusion, the value of the form factor being a criterion for measuring the quality of steel machinability.
  • FIG. 1 represents the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary composition diagram locating the weight composition of the anorthite of pseudowollastonite and of gehlenite.
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional image of an associated inclusion.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram representing the values of the machinability criterion VB30 / 0.3 as a function of the variation in oxygen concentration.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram representing the values of the machinability criterion VB30 / 0.3 as a function of the variation in sulfur concentration.
  • FIG. 5 represents, in an example of steel given for comparison (steel according to the invention without sulfur), a diagram representing the values VB30 / 0.3 as a function of the ratio of the Ca / O contents.
  • the present invention relates to a resulfurized austenitic stainless steel alloy whose machinability is improved by the creation of associated inclusions, lime silicoaluminate / manganese sulfide and chromium.
  • Sulfur generates manganese sulfide inclusions also containing chromium in the steel.
  • the lime silico-aluminate oxides are created during the production of the steel by the introduction of calcium, preferably, in the form of a wire filled with silicocalcium, in the molten bath under control of the oxygen contents.
  • the vast majority of the oxides are linked to the sulphides and, with the inclusion of the sulphides, form associated inclusions, the sulphide being placed inside the oxide inclusions.
  • These sulfides are manganese sulfides, however, also containing chromium.
  • the lime silicoaluminate oxides in their chemical composition are preferably anorthite or pseudowollastonite, (the chemical composition of which is shown in the ternary diagram of FIG. 1), the majority of said oxides being anorthite. These oxides can also contain a little MnO.
  • the lime silicoaluminate oxides formed around the sulphides are malleable, low-melting oxides which can easily deform during rolling.
  • these inclusions play a lubricating role at the interface-steel to be machined-cutting tool, thus leading to reduced wear of cutting tools and better surface appearance of the machined parts.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional image of a steel according to the invention containing an associated inclusion 2 of lenticular form composed of lime silicoaluminate 3 coating inclusions of sulfide 4 of manganese and chromium.
  • Table 1 gives some results obtained on steels whose basic composition is: C: 0.05%, Si: 0.5%, Mn: 1.8%, Ni: 8.6%, Cr: 17%, Mo: 0.2%, S: 0.3%, but whose calcuim and oxygen contents vary.
  • the average surface and the average form factor (length / width) of the sulfide inclusions and of the associated oxide / sulfide inclusions are given.
  • Steels No. 3 to 7 corresponding to a composition according to the invention.
  • the values of VB30 / 0.3 are higher by about 20%.
  • the mean surface and the mean form factor of the sulphide inclusions of steels No. 1 and No. 2 on the one hand and of steels No. 3 to No. 7 do not differ significantly.
  • the criteria used to compare the steels are on the one hand the time leading to an undercut wear of 0.15 mm under the cutting conditions given above and on the other hand the measurement of wear in skin after 30 minutes of cutting.
  • FIG. 3 presents a diagram giving the variations of the machinability criterion VB30 / 0.3 as a function of the oxygen concentration in a series of measurements corresponding on the one hand to the production of the steels according to the invention and, on the other hand, the development of calcium-free steel.
  • FIG. 4 represents a diagram giving the variations of the machinability criterion VB30 / 0.3 as a function of the sulfur concentration in a series of measurements corresponding on the one hand to the preparation according to the invention and, on the other hand , to the development of calcium-free steel.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show first of all that the evolution of grades of resulfurized austenitic stainless steels towards high oxygen contents or high sulfur contents does not make it possible to improve machinability significantly (criterion VB 30 / 0.3).
  • steels according to the invention constitutes a separate population, on the diagrams of FIGS. 3 and 4, with high machinability criteria.
  • These steels contain little or no sulfur compared to the steel according to the invention.
  • Table III gives the values of VB 30 / 0.3 of several steels as a function of the calcium and oxygen content and of the value of the ratio of element concentrations.
  • TABLE III STEEL N ° Ca (ppm) O (ppm) Ca
  • Steels No. 8 and No. 9 contain little or no calcium and are the reference steels for these measurements.
  • the oxide inclusions are of the polyphase silicate and chromite type.
  • Steel No. 13 has an oxygen content corresponding to that of the composition of the steel according to the invention without sulfur but a calcium content and a lower Ca / O ratio. The machinability is not significantly improved.
  • Steel No. 14 has contents corresponding to those of the composition of the steel according to the invention without sulfur, but a Ca / O ratio below 0.30.
  • the improvement in machinability is appreciable but remains far below that of steels N ° 10 and N ° 11.
  • the present invention relates to a resulfurized austenitic stainless steel whose machinability is improved thanks to the creation of associated inclusions of oxides of lime silico-aluminate / sulfide (Mn, Cr) S type.
  • oxides coating sulfide inclusions are lime silico-aluminates, preferably of the anorthite and pseudowollastonite type, the chemical compositions of which are determined in the ternary diagram CaO-SiO2-Al203 in FIG. 1.
  • These associated inclusions have a surface and a form factor (length / width) important. The high deformability of the inclusions and their lubricating effect at the cutting tool / chip interface allowing improved machinability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Rückgeschwefelter, rostfreier, austenitischer Stahl mit verbesserter Bearbeitbarkeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er die folgende Zusammensetzung, bezogen auf das Gewicht, aufweist:
    - Kohlenstoff kleiner oder gleich 0,15 %,
    - Silicium kleiner oder gleich 2 %,
    - Mangan kleiner oder gleich 2 %,
    - Molybdän kleiner oder gleich 3 %,
    - Nickel zwischen 7 und 12 %,
    - Chrom zwischen 15 und 25 %,
    - Schwefel zwischen 0,10 und 0,40 %,
    - Calcium größer als 30.10⁻⁴ %,
    - Sauerstoff größer als 70.10⁻⁴ %,
    wobei das Verhältnis des Gehalts an Calcium und an Sauerstoff Ca/O zwischen 0,2 und 0,6 liegt, wobei der Rest Eisen ist und daß er Calcium-Alumosilikat-Einschlüsse des Typs Anorthit und/oder Pseudowollastonit enthält.
  2. Rostfreier Stahl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß er Schwefel in einem Anteil zwischen 0,15 und 0,35 % enthält.
  3. Rostfreier Stahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Einschlüsse aus Mangan- und Chromsulfid (Mn,Cr)S enthält.
  4. Rostfreier Stahl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis von Calcium und Sauerstoff zwischen 0,3 und 0,5 % liegt.
  5. Rostfreier Stahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einschlüsse aus Mangan- und Chromsulfid mit einer Hülle aus einer Caclium-Alumosilikat-Phase des Typs Anorthit und/oder Pseudowollarstonit umgeben sind, um assoziierte Einschlüsse zu bilden.
  6. Rostfreier Stahl nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die assoziierten Einschlüsse durch Zugabe von Calcium erzeugt werden, das in die Schmelze in Form von Draht aus Calciumsilikat eingeführt wird.
  7. Rostfreier Stahl nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einschlüsse einen Formfaktor zwischen 3 und 6 aufweisen.
EP90401511A 1989-06-16 1990-06-05 Heraufgeschwefelter rostfreier austenitischer Stahl mit erhöhter Bearbeitbarkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0403332B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8908060A FR2648477B1 (fr) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Acier inoxydable austenitique resulfure a usinabilite amelioree
FR8908060 1989-06-16

Publications (2)

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EP0403332A1 EP0403332A1 (de) 1990-12-19
EP0403332B1 true EP0403332B1 (de) 1995-08-30

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EP90401511A Expired - Lifetime EP0403332B1 (de) 1989-06-16 1990-06-05 Heraufgeschwefelter rostfreier austenitischer Stahl mit erhöhter Bearbeitbarkeit

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US5089224A (de)
EP (1) EP0403332B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE127163T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2019105C (de)
DD (1) DD298434A5 (de)
DE (1) DE69021941T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0403332T3 (de)
EG (1) EG19821A (de)
ES (1) ES2076346T3 (de)
FI (1) FI98533C (de)
FR (1) FR2648477B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3018176T3 (de)
IL (1) IL94622A (de)
NO (1) NO177392C (de)
TR (1) TR26587A (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2690169B1 (fr) * 1992-04-17 1994-09-23 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable austénitique à haute usinabilité et à déformation à froid améliorée.
FR2706489B1 (fr) * 1993-06-14 1995-09-01 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable martensitique à usinabilité améliorée.
FR2720410B1 (fr) * 1994-05-31 1996-06-28 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée.
FR2732694B1 (fr) * 1995-04-07 1997-04-30 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable austenitique resulfure a usinabilite amelioree, utilise notamment dans le domaine de l'usinage a tres grande vitesse de coupe et le domaine du decolletage
FR2740783B1 (fr) * 1995-11-03 1998-03-06 Ugine Savoie Sa Acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour la production de laine d'acier
FR2805829B1 (fr) * 2000-03-03 2002-07-19 Ugine Savoie Imphy Acier inoxydable austenitique a haute usinabilite, resulfure, et comportant une resistance a la corrosion amelioree
JP2002206148A (ja) * 2001-01-09 2002-07-26 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 加工割れ感受性が低いオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5690959A (en) * 1979-12-24 1981-07-23 Sanyo Tokushu Seikou Kk Austenitic s free-cutting stainless steel

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1305801A (fr) * 1961-11-06 1962-10-05 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Alliages austénitiques facilement usinables
US3598574A (en) * 1968-03-08 1971-08-10 Daido Steel Co Ltd Free cutting stainless steels
FR2456785A1 (fr) * 1979-05-17 1980-12-12 Daido Steel Co Ltd Acier de decolletage contenant des inclusions determinees et un procede de sa preparation

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5690959A (en) * 1979-12-24 1981-07-23 Sanyo Tokushu Seikou Kk Austenitic s free-cutting stainless steel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
T0624/91 *

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Publication number Publication date
DE69021941T2 (de) 1996-03-07
FR2648477A1 (fr) 1990-12-21
CA2019105A1 (fr) 1990-12-16
EP0403332A1 (de) 1990-12-19
DD298434A5 (de) 1992-02-20
FR2648477B1 (fr) 1993-04-30
ATE127163T1 (de) 1995-09-15
IL94622A0 (en) 1991-04-15
NO177392C (no) 1995-09-06
FI902985A0 (fi) 1990-06-14
IL94622A (en) 1995-07-31
NO902659D0 (no) 1990-06-14
ES2076346T3 (es) 1995-11-01
GR3018176T3 (en) 1996-02-29
DK0403332T3 (da) 1995-11-20
FI98533B (fi) 1997-03-27
NO177392B (no) 1995-05-29
NO902659L (no) 1990-12-17
EG19821A (fr) 1996-02-29
TR26587A (tr) 1995-03-15
CA2019105C (fr) 2000-04-25
FI98533C (fi) 1997-07-10
US5089224A (en) 1992-02-18
DE69021941D1 (de) 1995-10-05

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