EP0403306A1 - Lubrifiant de forge sans support et méthode pour l'utiliser - Google Patents
Lubrifiant de forge sans support et méthode pour l'utiliser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0403306A1 EP0403306A1 EP90306572A EP90306572A EP0403306A1 EP 0403306 A1 EP0403306 A1 EP 0403306A1 EP 90306572 A EP90306572 A EP 90306572A EP 90306572 A EP90306572 A EP 90306572A EP 0403306 A1 EP0403306 A1 EP 0403306A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- composition
- workpiece
- weight
- graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
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- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/02—Carbon; Graphite
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
- C10M105/24—Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
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- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/04—Polyethene
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- C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
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- C10M107/40—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M107/44—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of metal working lubricants in general and, in particular, to forging lubricants. More particularly, it relates to a new forging lubricant composition and a method of using that composition in the hot forging of metal workpieces.
- Metal parts of a multitude of sizes and shapes are manufactured by various types of forging operations, and these parts are formed from stock composed of a great many metals and metal alloys.
- a great many parts are forged from such metals and metal alloys as, for example, steel, aluminum, and titanium, to name but a few.
- metal parts are forged, of course, are widely variable, depending upon not only the nature of the metal, but upon the size and complexity of configuration of the desired part.
- Small, thin, simply shaped parts may obviously be forged from a relatively flowable metal such as aluminum under much less rigorous conditions than are required to forge large more complex shaped parts from a metal such as steel.
- Each set of forging conditions requires a specialised lubricant, and there is therefore a multitude of aqueous-based, oil-based and organic solvent-based lubricants currently in use in various forging operations.
- Many such lubricant systems particularly those used under the most demanding forging conditions, by their nature require the user to make compromises in order to achieve the desired functional characteristics while avoiding as much as possible any safety, occupational health or environmental hazards involved in their use.
- more restrictive health and environmental guidelines are now in force which may make use of certain lubricant systems either extremely expensive or simply unworkable. It is to these concerns which the present invention is directed.
- an effective lubricant is one which ordinarily contains a variety of lubricity agents in a carrier comprising mineral oil and/or volatile organic solvents.
- the dies used in such forging operations are maintained at high temperatures, in the range of 350°F to 700°F, in order to permit proper metal flow during the forging operation.
- the forging lubricant is typically applied to the die and the workpiece by spraying, and, on account of the temperatures involved, the mineral oil and volatile organic compounds immediately flash off, leaving only a relatively small amount of residue which actually functions as the lubricant.
- the flashing off of the mineral oil and volatile organic compounds creates a significant amount of open flames, and the spray wand by which the lubricant is applied takes on the appearance of a flame thrower.
- a large amount of smoke is typically generated when the mineral oil and volatile organic compounds flash off, since, at the same time, a rather significant portion of the lubricity agents may burn off as well.
- any improvements in the performance of the forge lubricant which are achieved by reformulation frequently come at the cost of significantly higher smoke generation.
- fire prevention and fire control equipment such as fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems
- fire extinguishers see regular use in many forge operations, and the cost of their maintenance is significant.
- fire prevention, fire control and fire detection systems of all types are regular and significant capital and maintenance cost items for hot forge operations.
- a related problem associated with the use of conventional volatile organic compound-based lubricants is the need for special storage facilities on account of their high flammability. This too imposes a significant cost associated with the use of conventional lubricants.
- a still further disadvantage of conventional lubricant systems which results from the flashing off of oil and solvent carriers is that the smoke generated forms tar-like deposits on machinery, finished parts, floors, windows, and nearly everything else housed in the same building with the forge operation. Quite apart from the aesthetic undesirability of such deposits, there are economic and health concerns as well. Many large forge operations maintain permanent steam-cleaning facilities at a significant cost. Moreover, a great variety of combustion products which are generated in the uncontrolled flashing of the volatile organic compounds used as carriers in conventional lubricants may themselves be hazardous to the health of personnel.
- a further general object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant which eliminates many health, environmental and safety drawbacks of conventional lubricants having mineral oil and volatile organic compounds as carriers.
- Another more particular object is to eliminate the need for special transportation and storage facilities which are required for convention lubricants.
- a carrier-free pulverulent forging lubricant composition i.e., one which is entirely free of the oils and volatile organic compounds commonly employed as carriers for forge lubricant compositions, wherein the composition has at least one component having adhesive properties at forging temperatures.
- a method of forging a workpiece in a die which includes the step of applying to at least one of the die and the workpiece a coating of an effective amount of a carrier-free pulverulent lubricant composition having at least one component having adhesive properties at forging temperatures.
- a method of forging a workpiece in a die comprising the step of spraying onto to at least one of said die and said workpiece a coating of an effective amount of a carrier-free pulverulent lubricant composition, said spraying being carried out at essentially ambient pressure.
- the method of the invention may be carried out using conventional spraying apparatus which operates at ambient pressures and electrostatic spraying apparatus is particularly preferred.
- the carrier-free pulverulent forging lubricant of the invention may include any material which will provide lubricating properties at the temperatures typically encountered in a forging process and which can be put into a physical form which permits it to be applied to the die and/or the workpiece by conventional powder-coating equipment.
- the need to incorporate a mineral oil and/or a volatile organic compound-based carrier is completely eliminated, with the result that the smoke generated by conventional lubricants is significantly reduced.
- composition and method of the invention results in significant reductions in the costs of installing and maintaining fire prevention and fire control systems, and in general permit the maintenance of a much safer environment for personnel at a much lower cost.
- a particular advantage of the method of the invention is the use of conventional spraying apparatus rather than expensive high pressure sand-blasting apparatus.
- composition and method of the invention may be realised in reduced premiums for fire, workmen's compensation, and liability insurance.
- the elmination of the carrier material significantly reduces raw material costs, since on a weight and volume basis, the carrier in conventional lubricants accounts for well over 90% of the composition.
- composition of the present invention is a carrier-free pulverulent forging lubricant. It may include any material which will provide lubricating properties at the temperatures typically encountered in a forging process and which can be put into a physical form which permits it to be applied to the die and/or the workpiece by conventional powder-coating equipment.
- the carrier-free pulverulent forging lubricant composition of the invention should become sticky upon being heated so as to assist in adhering the dry forge lubricant composition to the workpiece and die surfaces.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may be applied to a heated or heating die in a manner analogous to the application of conventional lubricants.
- the composition may be sprayed onto a cold unforged workpiece, after which the workpiece is heated to achieve a partial melt of the composition and subsequently placed into a heated die for forging.
- Typical materials which are capable of maintaining a physical barrier between the die and the workpiece and which function as solid lubricants are contemplated for use in the composition of the invention. They include, by way of example only, metal soaps, graphite, ceramics, polymer resins having high heat resistance, natural and synthetic waxes, gilsonite, glasses, and mixtures of these materials.
- the component having adhesive properties at forging temperatures is selected from natural and synthetic waxes, polymer resins having high heat resistance, gilsonite and glasses.
- metal soaps fatty acid soaps such as zinc stearate and sodium stearate are preferred on account of their known properties, their ready availability and low cost.
- Other metal soaps including, by way of example only, those of tin and lithium, may, however, function equally well.
- Materials such as graphite and certain ceramic materials such as boron nitride are useful for maintaining a physical separation between the die and the workpiece. While the precise mechanism of the physical separation is not known, this characteristic is believed to be attributable to the relatively planar crystalline structure of these materials.
- Useful polymer materials having high heat resistance include poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and poly(vinylchloride) (PVC).
- PTFE poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- PVC poly(vinylchloride)
- polyethylene waxes of relatively high molecular weights are in general preferred on account of the lubricity which they impart.
- Glass materials useful in the present invention are preferably the low melting glasses, including alumina, alumina/silica, silica, boric acid, and borax. Optionally, these glass materials may be used in chopped fiber form.
- a particularly preferred lubricant composition comprises by weight about 15 to 50% metal soap component about 15 to 50% of a component selected from graphite or ceramics and about 25 to 45% of a component having adhesive properties at forging temperatures.
- the average particle size of the materials present in the carrier-free pulverulent forging lubricant of the invention may vary anywhere from about 10 microns up to about 70 microns, with a preferred size being between about 30 and about 40 microns. These particle size limitations have little significance as far as the performance of the composition as a forge lubricant is concerned; they relate principally to the limitations of currently available spray equipment.
- a method of forging a workpiece in a die comprising the step of spraying onto at least one of said die and said workpiece a coating of an effective amount of a carrier-free pulverulent lubricant composition said spraying being carried out at essentially ambient pressure.
- the application of the lubricant in accordance with this method of the invention may be accomplished by conventional electrostatic powder-coating equipment. It is well known that, in a conventional electrostatic powder coating apparatus a fluidized bed of powder feeds a spray wand having an electrode at the tip. While the apparatus injects air into the powder at low pressure to form the fluidized bed, by the time the powder reaches the tip of the application wand (typically a distance of about 20 feet) the air carrying the powder is at essentially ambient pressure. The charge imported to the powder provides the necessary acceleration to carry the powder to the die or workpiece which is maintained at ground.
- Electrostatic spraying of the type is essentially a low pressure operation when compared with the kind of high pressure sand-blasting apparatus described in US 4,228,670 and is therefore advantageous from the point of view of safety and cost. Furthermore, the electrostatic attraction of the particles to the die means there is little loss of the lubricant material during the spraying operation.
- the lubricant may be applied to a heated or heating die in a manner analogous to the application of conventional lubricants.
- the lubricant composition may be sprayed onto a cold unforged workpiece, after which the workpiece is heated to achieve a partial melt of the composition and subsequently placed into a heated die for forging.
- a particularly preferred method comprises spraying the workpiece with a coating of an effective amount of the carrier-free pulverulent lubricant composition, heating the workpiece to a pre-selected temperature, inserting the workpiece into the die and forging the workpiece into the desired configuration.
- Preferred polymer resins are poly(tetrafluoroethylene), high density polyethylene, poly(vinylchloride) or mixtures thereof.
- the lubricant composition for use with the method of the invention may contain a metal soap such as zinc stearate, sodium stearate or mixtures thereof.
- compositions and method of the invention are set forth below.
- compositions were used to forge a box channel with high walls, approximtely 0.125 inches thick, in a wrap die from aluminum alloy stock.
- the press was of the hydraulic type, with the workpiece temperature being 700°F and the die temperature 375°F:
- Example 1 Component Weight% gilsonite 5 zinc stearate 34 sodium stearate 10 graphite 17 polyethylene wax 34 100
- Example 2 Component Weight% gilsonite 5 zinc stearate 34 sodium stearate 10 graphite 17 amide wax 34 100
- Example 1 outperformed the composition of Example 2 in each of the observed respects, though both were effective as forging lubricants.
- Example 1 In a comparative trial, the composition of Example 1 was evaluated using a conventional solvent-based zinc stearate forging lubricant as a standard.
- the press was of the mechanical type, with the workpiece temperature being 700°F and the die temperature 400°F.
- Example 4 Component Weight% graphite 33.0 zinc stearate 34.5 gilsonite 10.9 polyethylene wax 21.1 99.5
- Example 5 Component Weight% graphite 23.8 sodium stearate 33.4 gilsonite 23.8 polyethylene wax 9.5 zinc stearate 9.5 100
- Example 6 Component Weight% graphite 75 gilsonite 25 100
- Example 7 Component Weight% graphite 50 gilsonite 25 zinc stearate 15 poly(tetrafluoroethylene) 10 100
- carrier-free pulverulent forging lubricant compositions are useful for high temperature forging of titanium and steel, and they include the following: Example 8 Component Weight% alumina/silica glass 40 graphite 60 100 Example 9 Component Weight% boron nitride 25 borax 75 100 Example 10 Component Weight% graphite 35 borax 65 100 Example 11 Component Weight% graphite 40 gilsonite 30 borax 30 100
- Example 12 Component Weight% graphite 40 gilsonite 30 boric acid 30 100
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US36731189A | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | |
US367311 | 1989-06-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0403306A1 true EP0403306A1 (fr) | 1990-12-19 |
Family
ID=23446659
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90306572A Withdrawn EP0403306A1 (fr) | 1989-06-16 | 1990-06-15 | Lubrifiant de forge sans support et méthode pour l'utiliser |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0403306A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0350298A (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4100582A1 (de) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-07-18 | Sumico Lubricant Co | Schmiermittel zur verwendung beim warm- und heissschmieden |
EP0468278A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-01-29 | DAIDO MACHINERY, Ltd. | Lubrifiant de forgeage et méthode pour former un revêtement de lubrifiant à la surface d'un matériau filiforme |
DE4112408A1 (de) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-08-20 | Hanano Commercial Co Ltd | Pulverschmiermittel fuer einen druckkolben |
EP0507449A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-10-07 | Castrol Ind Inc | Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode de préparation et d'utilisation. |
GB2257712A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-20 | Hanano Corp | Lubricants for aluminium alloy forging |
EP0590959A2 (fr) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | Castrol Limited | Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode pour sa préparation et son utilisation |
EP0611817A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-13 | 1994-08-24 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Composition lubrifiante pour le travail plastique à chaud |
DE4313961C2 (de) * | 1992-04-29 | 2001-11-29 | Denso Corp | Sprühvorrichtung für eine Druckgußvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Besprühen einer Druckgußvorrichtung mit festem Schmiermittel |
EP2703454A1 (fr) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-05 | Pemco Brugge BVBA | Compositions de revêtement |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6244384B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2017-12-06 | ハイドロ アルミニウム ロールド プロダクツ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングHydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH | 金属シートまたはストリップのコーティング |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB905989A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1962-09-19 | Cefilac | Improvements in or relating to extrusion lubrication |
GB1124501A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1968-08-21 | Mini Of Technology | Improvements in or relating to the hot-working of metals |
FR2339671A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-29 | 1977-08-26 | Trw Inc | Composition facilitant le forgeage a chaud de pieces metalliques |
DE2751222A1 (de) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-03 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Hochtemperatur-schmiermittel |
EP0116882A2 (fr) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-29 | Lonza Ag | Agent de séparation et de lubrification à l'état solide |
EP0169413A2 (fr) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-01-29 | Lonza A.G. | Composition de décapage |
EP0201923A2 (fr) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-11-20 | Lichtenberg & Co Chemische Fabrik Zweigniederlassung der UK-Mineralölwerke Wenzel & Weidmann GmbH, Eschweiler | Procédé pour revêtir des corps solides de lubrifiants |
US4780226A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1988-10-25 | General Motors Corporation | Lubrication for hot working rare earth-transition metal alloys |
-
1990
- 1990-06-05 JP JP2147163A patent/JPH0350298A/ja active Pending
- 1990-06-15 EP EP90306572A patent/EP0403306A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB905989A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1962-09-19 | Cefilac | Improvements in or relating to extrusion lubrication |
GB1124501A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1968-08-21 | Mini Of Technology | Improvements in or relating to the hot-working of metals |
FR2339671A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-29 | 1977-08-26 | Trw Inc | Composition facilitant le forgeage a chaud de pieces metalliques |
DE2751222A1 (de) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-03 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Hochtemperatur-schmiermittel |
EP0116882A2 (fr) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-29 | Lonza Ag | Agent de séparation et de lubrification à l'état solide |
EP0169413A2 (fr) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-01-29 | Lonza A.G. | Composition de décapage |
EP0201923A2 (fr) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-11-20 | Lichtenberg & Co Chemische Fabrik Zweigniederlassung der UK-Mineralölwerke Wenzel & Weidmann GmbH, Eschweiler | Procédé pour revêtir des corps solides de lubrifiants |
US4780226A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1988-10-25 | General Motors Corporation | Lubrication for hot working rare earth-transition metal alloys |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4100582A1 (de) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-07-18 | Sumico Lubricant Co | Schmiermittel zur verwendung beim warm- und heissschmieden |
US5244587A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1993-09-14 | Daido Machinery, Ltd. | Forging lubricant and a method for forming a lubricant coat on the surface of a linear material |
EP0468278A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-01-29 | DAIDO MACHINERY, Ltd. | Lubrifiant de forgeage et méthode pour former un revêtement de lubrifiant à la surface d'un matériau filiforme |
DE4112408A1 (de) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-08-20 | Hanano Commercial Co Ltd | Pulverschmiermittel fuer einen druckkolben |
GB2251862B (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1995-02-01 | Hanano Commercial Co Ltd | Powdrous lubricants for plunger device |
EP0507449A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-10-07 | Castrol Ind Inc | Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode de préparation et d'utilisation. |
JPH0570787A (ja) * | 1991-03-04 | 1993-03-23 | Castrol Ind Inc | キヤリアー−フリー金属成形用潤滑剤およびその製造方法と使用方法 |
GB2257712A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-20 | Hanano Corp | Lubricants for aluminium alloy forging |
DE4212667A1 (de) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-21 | Hanano Corp | Pulverfoermiges schmiermittel zur verwendung beim schmieden von aluminiumlegierungen |
EP0611817A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-13 | 1994-08-24 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Composition lubrifiante pour le travail plastique à chaud |
US5346634A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1994-09-13 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Lubricant composition for hot plastic working |
DE4313961C2 (de) * | 1992-04-29 | 2001-11-29 | Denso Corp | Sprühvorrichtung für eine Druckgußvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Besprühen einer Druckgußvorrichtung mit festem Schmiermittel |
EP0590959A2 (fr) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | Castrol Limited | Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode pour sa préparation et son utilisation |
EP0590959A3 (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-08-10 | Castrol Ind Inc | Carrier-free metalworking lubricant and method of making and using same |
EP2703454A1 (fr) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-05 | Pemco Brugge BVBA | Compositions de revêtement |
WO2014033098A1 (fr) | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | Pemco Brugge Bvba | Compositions de revêtement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0350298A (ja) | 1991-03-04 |
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