EP0507449A1 - Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode de préparation et d'utilisation. - Google Patents
Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode de préparation et d'utilisation. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0507449A1 EP0507449A1 EP92301823A EP92301823A EP0507449A1 EP 0507449 A1 EP0507449 A1 EP 0507449A1 EP 92301823 A EP92301823 A EP 92301823A EP 92301823 A EP92301823 A EP 92301823A EP 0507449 A1 EP0507449 A1 EP 0507449A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- making
- same
- workpiece
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/02—Carbon; Graphite
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/04—Polyethene
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- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
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- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C10M111/06—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a compound of the type covered by group C10M109/00
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/06—Particles of special shape or size
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- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2217/0435—Mannich bases used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2219/0463—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2227/083—Sn compounds
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/08—Solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US66416991A | 1991-03-04 | 1991-03-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0507449A1 true EP0507449A1 (fr) | 1992-10-07 |
EP0507449A3 EP0507449A3 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
Family
ID=24664863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19920301823 Withdrawn EP0507449A3 (en) | 1991-03-04 | 1992-03-03 | Carrier-free metalworking lubricant and method of making and using same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0507449A3 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0570787A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2052604A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0571815A2 (fr) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-01 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Lubrifiants secs pour tréfilage |
EP0590959A2 (fr) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | Castrol Limited | Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode pour sa préparation et son utilisation |
EP0775186A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-12 | 1997-05-28 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Composition lubrifiante utilisee dans la metallurgie des poudres et ses procedes de fabrication |
FR2773817A1 (fr) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-23 | Cfpi Ind | Composition, bain et procede pour la lubrification de la surface de pieces metalliques en acier devant etre deformees a froid |
WO2000008118A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-01 | 2000-02-17 | Firma August Neuhoff | Materiau support, son utilisation, et procede de formage a froid |
US6104321A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 2000-08-15 | Sony Corporation | Efficient encoding method, efficient code decoding method, efficient code encoding apparatus, efficient code decoding apparatus, efficient encoding/decoding system, and recording media |
EP3269793A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-17 | Fuchs Petrolub SE | Composition d'agent de lubrification et utilisation |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6087042B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-30 | 2017-03-01 | 日立化成株式会社 | 焼結部材の製造方法 |
EP3165589A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-10 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Lubrifiant en poudre à base de sels de zinc d'acides gras et son utilisation |
EP3371288B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-04 | 2022-06-01 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Lubrifiant en poudre à base d'acides gras et de glycérides d'acides gras alkoxylés et utilisation correspondante |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1183959A (fr) * | 1959-02-03 | 1959-07-16 | Matériau de frottement | |
FR2339671A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-29 | 1977-08-26 | Trw Inc | Composition facilitant le forgeage a chaud de pieces metalliques |
FR2407034A1 (fr) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-25 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Procede d'estampage isothermique d'une piece metallique |
US4168241A (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1979-09-18 | Aichi Steel Works, Limited | Lubricant and method for non-chip metal forming |
EP0116882A2 (fr) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-29 | Lonza Ag | Agent de séparation et de lubrification à l'état solide |
US4752405A (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1988-06-21 | Coral Chemical Company | Metal working lubricant |
EP0295074A2 (fr) * | 1987-06-08 | 1988-12-14 | Castrol Limited | Lubrifiant de forgeage ne détruisant pas l'environnement et procédé pour forger à chaud utilisant ce lubrifiant |
DE3837371A1 (de) * | 1988-05-12 | 1989-11-23 | Lubrimetal S P A | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen zubereitung von schmiermitteln in pulverform, zu verwenden beim trockenziehen von metalldraehten und/oder beim kaltwalzen von metallen, anlage zur durchfuehrung desselben und die so erhaltenen schmiermittel |
GB2227022A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-18 | Hanano Commercial Co Ltd | Die-casting powdery mould releasing agent |
EP0403306A1 (fr) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Castrol Industrial Inc. | Lubrifiant de forge sans support et méthode pour l'utiliser |
EP0468278A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-01-29 | DAIDO MACHINERY, Ltd. | Lubrifiant de forgeage et méthode pour former un revêtement de lubrifiant à la surface d'un matériau filiforme |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5060672A (fr) * | 1973-09-29 | 1975-05-24 | ||
JPS5765795A (en) * | 1980-10-08 | 1982-04-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | Lubricated metallic plate having excellent ddep drawability |
JPS62169899A (ja) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-07-27 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 金属材料の温間鍛造用潤滑処理方法 |
JPH04189896A (ja) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-07-08 | Daido Kikai Seisakusho:Kk | 鍛造加工用潤滑剤 |
JPH04126561A (ja) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-04-27 | Daido Kikai Seisakusho:Kk | 線材の潤滑被膜形成方法 |
-
1991
- 1991-10-01 CA CA002052604A patent/CA2052604A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
1992
- 1992-03-03 EP EP19920301823 patent/EP0507449A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-03-03 JP JP4045371A patent/JPH0570787A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1183959A (fr) * | 1959-02-03 | 1959-07-16 | Matériau de frottement | |
FR2339671A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-29 | 1977-08-26 | Trw Inc | Composition facilitant le forgeage a chaud de pieces metalliques |
FR2407034A1 (fr) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-25 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Procede d'estampage isothermique d'une piece metallique |
US4168241A (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1979-09-18 | Aichi Steel Works, Limited | Lubricant and method for non-chip metal forming |
EP0116882A2 (fr) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-29 | Lonza Ag | Agent de séparation et de lubrification à l'état solide |
US4752405A (en) * | 1986-05-01 | 1988-06-21 | Coral Chemical Company | Metal working lubricant |
EP0295074A2 (fr) * | 1987-06-08 | 1988-12-14 | Castrol Limited | Lubrifiant de forgeage ne détruisant pas l'environnement et procédé pour forger à chaud utilisant ce lubrifiant |
DE3837371A1 (de) * | 1988-05-12 | 1989-11-23 | Lubrimetal S P A | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen zubereitung von schmiermitteln in pulverform, zu verwenden beim trockenziehen von metalldraehten und/oder beim kaltwalzen von metallen, anlage zur durchfuehrung desselben und die so erhaltenen schmiermittel |
GB2227022A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-18 | Hanano Commercial Co Ltd | Die-casting powdery mould releasing agent |
EP0403306A1 (fr) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Castrol Industrial Inc. | Lubrifiant de forge sans support et méthode pour l'utiliser |
EP0468278A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-01-29 | DAIDO MACHINERY, Ltd. | Lubrifiant de forgeage et méthode pour former un revêtement de lubrifiant à la surface d'un matériau filiforme |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN 26 December 1990 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 015 (C-469)16 January 1988 * |
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EP0571815A2 (fr) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-01 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Lubrifiants secs pour tréfilage |
EP0590959A2 (fr) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | Castrol Limited | Lubrifiant sans support pour le travail des métaux et méthode pour sa préparation et son utilisation |
EP0590959A3 (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-08-10 | Castrol Ind Inc | Carrier-free metalworking lubricant and method of making and using same |
US6104321A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 2000-08-15 | Sony Corporation | Efficient encoding method, efficient code decoding method, efficient code encoding apparatus, efficient code decoding apparatus, efficient encoding/decoding system, and recording media |
EP0775186A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-12 | 1997-05-28 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Composition lubrifiante utilisee dans la metallurgie des poudres et ses procedes de fabrication |
EP0775186A4 (fr) * | 1994-08-12 | 1997-12-03 | Hoeganaes Corp | Composition lubrifiante utilisee dans la metallurgie des poudres et ses procedes de fabrication |
FR2773817A1 (fr) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-23 | Cfpi Ind | Composition, bain et procede pour la lubrification de la surface de pieces metalliques en acier devant etre deformees a froid |
WO1999037742A1 (fr) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-29 | Henkel Kgaa | Procede pour la lubrification de la surface de pieces metalliques en acier devant etre deformees a froid |
WO2000008118A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-01 | 2000-02-17 | Firma August Neuhoff | Materiau support, son utilisation, et procede de formage a froid |
EP3269793A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-17 | Fuchs Petrolub SE | Composition d'agent de lubrification et utilisation |
WO2018010841A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-18 | Fuchs Petrolub Se | Composition lubrifiante et son utilisation |
CN109477012A (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2019-03-15 | 福斯油品欧洲股份公司 | 润滑剂组合物和用途 |
US10604718B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2020-03-31 | Fuchs Petrolub Se | Lubricant composition and use |
EA038234B1 (ru) * | 2016-07-12 | 2021-07-28 | Фукс Петролуб Се | Смазочная композиция и ее применение |
CN109477012B (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2022-02-22 | 福斯油品欧洲股份公司 | 润滑剂组合物和用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2052604A1 (fr) | 1992-09-05 |
EP0507449A3 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
JPH0570787A (ja) | 1993-03-23 |
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