EP0399041A1 - Dispositif pour la preparation d'emulsions - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la preparation d'emulsions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0399041A1
EP0399041A1 EP88908413A EP88908413A EP0399041A1 EP 0399041 A1 EP0399041 A1 EP 0399041A1 EP 88908413 A EP88908413 A EP 88908413A EP 88908413 A EP88908413 A EP 88908413A EP 0399041 A1 EP0399041 A1 EP 0399041A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
nozzle
liquid components
liquid
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88908413A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0399041A4 (en
Inventor
Vladimir Vladimirovich Fisenko
Jury Pavlovich Skakunov
Vladimir Georgievich Lunev
Vadim Efimovich Fux
Jury Anatolievich Avxentiev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INZHENERNY TSENTR "TRANSZVUK"
Original Assignee
INZHENERNY TSENTR "TRANSZVUK"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INZHENERNY TSENTR "TRANSZVUK" filed Critical INZHENERNY TSENTR "TRANSZVUK"
Publication of EP0399041A1 publication Critical patent/EP0399041A1/fr
Publication of EP0399041A4 publication Critical patent/EP0399041A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3122—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof the material flowing at a supersonic velocity thereby creating shock waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31242—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the central area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the circumferential part of the conduit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to technological processes of emulsification and dispersion and means for their implementation and relates to a method for producing emulsions and an apparatus for carrying them out.
  • a process for the production of emulsions is known (SU, A, 701678), and there is that a thin layer of liquid components is injected into the central zone of a rotating acoustic stream of an ionized gas along the axis of rotation. Due to the fact that the liquid components are injected in an unstable physical state in the form of thin layers into an aerosol chamber, they are quickly dispersed by the gas stream. When the gas flow is rotated, the particles of the liquid components mix and become electrically charged by the ionized particles of the gas. The volume consumption of the gas in this process is tens of times greater than the consumption of the liquid components.
  • the consumption of the liquid components depends on the vacuum in the central part of the rotating gas stream, while the vacuum in turn depends on the speed of rotation of this stream. Since the introduction of the liquid components leads to fluctuations in the rotational speed of the gas, the vacuum and consequently also the concentration of the liquid components are subject to fluctuations. This worsens the quality of the emulsion.
  • the degree of dispersion and consequently the quality of the emulsion in the process under consideration depends on the flow rate of the gas. To ensure a sufficiently high speed of the gas, however, a considerable amount of energy is required, which is also one of the disadvantages of this method.
  • the consumption of the gas is tens of times higher than the consumption of the liquid components of the emulsion.
  • This process can only be carried out with low consumption of the finished emulsion, since otherwise a large amount of gas is required. This also leads to a reduction in economy, an increase in energy consumption and an increase in the volume of the device implementing this method.
  • a hydrodynamic emulsifier is known (SU, A, dg6263), which has a housing with a connector for the supply of the liquid components to be emulsified and the passive liquid components, an active nozzle, a mixing chamber and also two devices for rotating the streams, and contains a pump with a cooling chamber of the shaft gland.
  • the function of the hydrodynamic emulsifier is based on the fact that two streams of the components with different rotational speeds are formed in it and these streams are combined in the mixing chamber at a certain angle to form an emulsion mixture.
  • the emulsion is further refined in vortex zones in the cooling chamber of the stuffing box with a reciprocating movement of the shaft.
  • the known hydrodynamic emulsifier has the following disadvantages: poor quality of the emulsion and complicated construction.
  • the poor quality of the emulsion is due to the fact that the effect of the dispersion effect of the components to be emulsified (phase shift in the turbulence movement) decreases the further the rotating current flows through the channels of the hydrodynamic emulsifier.
  • the swirling that occurs in the cooling chamber of the stuffing box during a reciprocating movement of the shaft is not very intense, which likewise has a negative effect on the dispersion process.
  • the use of the known hydrodynamic emulsifier provides for the use of two further metering pumps for the supply of the liquid components of the emulsion, which complicates its construction.
  • a process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions and a device for carrying it out are known (SU, A, 812326).
  • the process consists in mixing the liquid components to be emulsified with steam, after which passive liquid components are added and a two-phase steam-liquid mixture is formed, followed by condensation of the vapor phase and formation of an emulsion.
  • the device for carrying out this method contains a cylindrical housing with an aerosol chamber and a mixing chamber installed in it, a vapor nozzle and nozzle for the supply of the liquid components and the steam to be emulsified being located in the aerosol chamber and a nozzle for the supply to the mixing chamber passive liquid components is connected.
  • the process described for the production of aqueous emulsions and the device for its implementation ensures a particle size of the components to be emulsified in the order of 50 / km.
  • the quality of such an emulsion is low, it has a low degree of dispersion and is unstable.
  • the need to use additional pumps for pumping through the liquid components to be emulsified and the passive liquid components complicates the known method and the device for its implementation and causes additional energy consumption.
  • a disadvantage of the known method is also the need to use high pressure steam (4 to 6 kp / cm 2 ) in order to obtain emulsions of satisfactory quality. This leads to an unjustified overheating of the emulsion and consequently to additional energy consumption.
  • a constant concentration of the emulsion stream coming from the known device can only be ensured if special metering pumps are used to supply the liquid and passive liquid components to be emulsified, which likewise complicates the implementation of the method and complicates the device for its implementation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing emulsions and an apparatus for carrying it out, which ensures the production of a stable, highly disperse emulsion by generating a corresponding ratio of the speeds of the steam flow and the two-phase steam-liquid medium.
  • the object is achieved in that in a process for the preparation of emulsions, which consists in that the liquid components to be emulsified are passed into a vapor stream and the passive liquid components are fed in, and a two-phase vapor-liquid mixture is formed with subsequent condensation the vapor phase and the formation of an emulsion, according to which the vapor is fed at a speed of 500 to 800 m / s, the liquid components to be emulsified are fed into the steam by injection, which transports the two-phase vapor-liquid mixture at a supersonic speed and the transport speed of different component mixtures is different.
  • a device for carrying out this method which has a cylindrical housing, which has an aerosol chamber, in which a steam nozzle is coaxially attached, to which a nozzle for the supply of the liquid components to be emulsified is connected, a coaxially Aerosol chamber located mixing chamber and a nozzle attached to the cylindrical housing for the supply of passive liquid components contains, according to the invention, the steam nozzle in the form of a Laval nozzle from 5 and axially movable is arranged to form an injection zone between the section of the steam nozzle and the Inner surface of the aerosol chamber, the mixing chamber being arranged to be axially movable and having a part designed as a confuser, which is directed towards the Laval nozzle and merges into a cylindrical part, behind which a part designed as a diffuser is located.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the outlet opening of the aerosol chamber to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the mixing chamber is selected within the range of 1 to 2.
  • the use of the process according to the invention for the production of emulsions and the device for carrying it out enables the production of a highly disperse (with a particle size of the liquid components to be emulsified within limits of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m), stable emulsion with uniform concentration.
  • a highly disperse with a particle size of the liquid components to be emulsified within limits of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m
  • stable emulsion with uniform concentration.
  • the quality of the emulsion produced with the aid of the described method is low due to an insufficient degree of comminution of the liquid components to be emulsified, while at a speed of the steam above 800 m / s, the volume content of the steam in the two-phase steam is low Liquid mixture increases, whereby its flow is prevented at a supersonic speed, which also negatively affects the quality of the emulsion produced.
  • the resulting two-phase vapor-liquid mixture is transported at a speed of 300 m / s, while the speed of sound propagation in this mixture is 10 to 50 m / s. This means that the resulting mixture moves at supersonic speeds.
  • the condensation of the vapor phase takes place in a pressure jump close to sound, which converts the two-phase vapor-liquid stream into a stream of the emulsion of a liquid whole milk substitute with a particle size of the liquid components to be emulsified of 0.5 to 3 m.
  • the fat content of the whole milk substitute is 2%.
  • the concentration of the components of the whole milk substitute produced is constant.
  • the device for performing the method for manufacturing position of emulsions contains a cylindrical housing 1, in which there is an aerosol chamber 2, to which a nozzle 3 for supplying the liquid components to be emulsified is connected: in the aerosol chamber 2, a steam nozzle 4 is arranged coaxially in the form of a Laval nozzle, the steam nozzle 4 being able to move axially relative to the aerosol chamber 2 with the aid of a screw connection such that there is a zone 5 between the section of the steam nozzle 4 and the inner surface of the aerosol chamber 2 for injecting the liquid components to be emulsified.
  • the steam is passed through a pipe 6 to the steam nozzle 4.
  • a connector 8 for supplying the passive liquid components is connected to the interior 7 of the cylindrical housing 1.
  • a mixing chamber 9 which can be moved axially with the aid of a screw connection relative to the housing 1 and contains a part 10 designed as a confuser, which is directed towards the steam nozzle 4, and one after the other cylindrical part 11 and a part 12 designed as a diffuser, the ratio of the diameter of the outlet opening 13 of the aerosol chamber 2 to the diameter of the cylindrical part 11 of the mixing chamber 9 being selected within limits of 1 to 2.
  • the connection piece 6 for the steam supply and the nozzle 3 and 8 th for feeding the liquid to be emulsified K omponen- and passive liquid components are equipped with valves 14,15,16 for regulation of the flow-through area.
  • the device for performing the method according to the invention works as follows. Through the passage regulating fitting 14 and the pipeline 6, the steam is passed into the steam nozzle 4, from which the steam flows out at a supersonic speed, namely 500 to 800 m / s, since the steam nozzle 4 is designed as a Laval nozzle. The outflow of the steam at a supersonic speed creates a vacuum at the section of the steam nozzle 4, which ensures the injection of the liquid components to be emulsified, which pass through the passage regulating valve 15 and the nozzle 3 for supplying the liquid components to be emulsified into the 2 injection zone 5 of the aerosol chamber 2.
  • the liquid components to be emulsified are dispersed and an aerosol is formed from steam and the particles of the liquid components to be emulsified.
  • the axial movement of the steam nozzle makes it possible to regulate the size of zone 5 for injecting the liquid components to be emulsified and consequently the consumption of these components.
  • the passive liquid components are passed into the interior 7 of the cylindrical housing 1 to form a two-phase vapor-liquid mixture which is transported at a supersonic speed, which is different for different component mixtures.
  • the sound-related pressure jump takes place, in the vicinity of which the particles of the liquid components to be emulsified are crushed and the two-phase vapor-liquid stream flowing at supersonic speed into a stream of a single-phase liquid emulsion flowing at subsonic speed converts.
  • the axial movement of the mixing chamber 9 is necessary to regulate the consumption of the passive liquid components.
  • the vacuum and the speed of the aerosol in the injection zone 5 are stabilized and consequently also the consumption of the liquid components to be emulsified due to the fact that mechanical excitations (pressure fluctuations) from subsequent zones do not move in the opposite direction Spread supersonic current.
  • the flow of the steam in the supersonic area ensures an improvement in the quality of the emulsions by additional division of the drops in the liquid components to be emulsified and a constant consumption of these components. Since the speed of sound in the steam is approximately 500 m / s, the speed of transport of the steam must not be less than 500 m / s to achieve the above-mentioned quality of the emulsion.
  • An increase in the speed of the steam above 800 m / s leads to an increase in the volume content of the steam in the two-phase steam-liquid mixture and to an increase in the pressure in the interior 7 and consequently to inconsistent operation of the device for producing emulsions.
  • the passive liquid components When the passive liquid components are fed into the interior 7 of the cylindrical housing 1 into the supersonic flow of the aerosol, the passive liquid components are broken down into a vacuum space and are exposed to the hydrodynamic action of the aerosol flow flowing at supersonic speed. This creates a two-phase vapor-liquid mixture with a highly disperse, homogeneous structure. In such a two-phase vapor-liquid medium, the speed of sound is 10 to 50 m / s. Since the speed before mixing with the passive liquid components aerosol over 500 m / s, the resulting two-phase vapor-liquid mixture moves at a supersonic speed.
  • the speed of this mixture is different for different component mixtures and is determined by the characteristic values of the components of the emulsion, namely by the pressure and the speed of the vapor, the speed of the aerosol and the pressure and the temperature of the passive liquid components.
  • This mixture condenses the vapor and reduces its volume content in the mixture, thereby reducing the speed of the two-phase vapor-liquid mixture.
  • the device for producing emulsions provides for a restriction of the flow with the aid of the part 10 in the form of a confuser.
  • the two-phase vapor-liquid mixture is transported further through the cylindrical part 11, in which the condensation of the steam continues, as a result of which the speed of the mixture decreases and the static pressure increases.
  • the sound pressure jump not only ensures an additional division of the liquid components to be emulsified, but also prevents mechanical excitations (pressure fluctuations) from the outlet of the device. penetrate into the interior 7 of this device for the production of emulsions, as a result of which the pressure in this space remains constant and consequently also the consumption of the vapor and the passive liquid components of the emulsion assumes stable values.
  • the stabilization of these consumption values ensures the production of an emulsion with a constant concentration of components and a constant temperature.
  • the use of the method according to the invention for the production of emulsions and the device for its implementation enables the production of a stream of a homogeneous, highly disperse and stable emulsion with constant consumption of components.
  • the process according to the invention for the production of emulsions and the device for its implementation are used for the production of emulsions from immiscible liquid components such as water-fat, water-oil, water-fuel and other emulsions in the food industry, in the fuel and E energy and mechanical engineering.

Abstract

Un procédé pour préparer des émulsions consiste à amener de la vapeur à une vitesse de 500-800 m/s, à injecter dans la vapeur les constituants liquides à émulsionner, et à transporter le mélange diphasique vapeur-liquide à une vitesse supersonique. Un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé comporte une enveloppe cylindrique (1), une chambre aérosol (2), un ajutage de vapeur (4), une chambre de mélange (9), l'ajutage de vapeur se présentant sous la forme d'une tuyère de Laval et étant monté avec possibilité d'un mouvement axial, de sorte qu'une zone d'injection (5) est créée entre la face terminale de l'ajutage de vapeur (4) et la surface interne de la chambre aérosol (2), tandis que la chambre de mélange (9) possède une section convergente (10) située en regard de la tuyère de Laval et se transformant en une section cylindrique (11), derrière laquelle est disposée la section divergente (12).
EP19880908413 1988-04-25 1988-04-25 Method and device for preparation of emulsions Withdrawn EP0399041A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SU1988/000099 WO1989010184A1 (fr) 1988-04-25 1988-04-25 Dispositif pour la preparation d'emulsions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0399041A1 true EP0399041A1 (fr) 1990-11-28
EP0399041A4 EP0399041A4 (en) 1991-07-24

Family

ID=21617247

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880908413 Withdrawn EP0399041A4 (en) 1988-04-25 1988-04-25 Method and device for preparation of emulsions

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0399041A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02504600A (fr)
CN (1) CN1051128A (fr)
BR (1) BR8807896A (fr)
DK (1) DK664389A (fr)
FI (1) FI896196A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989010184A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0555498A1 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-08-18 April Dynamics Industries 1990 Ltd. Système d'écoulement supersonique à deux phases
WO1993016791A2 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-09-02 April Dynamics Industries Ltd. Systeme d'ecoulement supersonique a deux phases
EP0878560A2 (fr) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-18 Tokyo Electron Limited Méthode de production de vapeur et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
WO2001005493A1 (fr) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-25 Universite De Bourgogne Procede de fabrication d'emulsions et son dispositif
WO2011040837A1 (fr) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-07 Fisionic Holding Limited Dispositif pour la préparation d'une émulsion eau-carburant
EP2377505A4 (fr) * 2008-12-29 2015-08-05 Evgeny Petrovich Grebennikov Procédé de fabrication de préparations liposomales et dispositif de fabrication de liposomes
GB2527653A (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-12-30 Cambridge Res & Dev Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
GB2527652A (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-12-30 Cambridge Res And Dev Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
GB2527651B (en) * 2014-04-28 2020-09-09 Hydramach Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
EP3858475A1 (fr) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-04 Mircea Ienciu Réacteur permettant d'obtenir des carburants efficaces

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CA2050624C (fr) * 1990-09-06 1996-06-04 Vladimir Vladimirowitsch Fissenko Methode et appareil de traitement des fluides au moyen d'uneonde de choc
US5338113A (en) * 1990-09-06 1994-08-16 Transsonic Uberschall-Anlagen Gmbh Method and device for pressure jumps in two-phase mixtures
US5061406A (en) * 1990-09-25 1991-10-29 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation In-line gas/liquid dispersion
US5302325A (en) * 1990-09-25 1994-04-12 Praxair Technology, Inc. In-line dispersion of gas in liquid
US7111975B2 (en) * 2002-10-11 2006-09-26 Pursuit Dynamics Plc Apparatus and methods for moving a working fluid by contact with a transport fluid
ES2335290T3 (es) 2004-02-26 2010-03-24 Pursuit Dynamics Plc. Metodo y dispositivo para generar niebla.
US9004375B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2015-04-14 Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh Method and apparatus for generating a mist
US20080103217A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Hari Babu Sunkara Polyether ester elastomer composition
US8419378B2 (en) 2004-07-29 2013-04-16 Pursuit Dynamics Plc Jet pump
GB0618196D0 (en) 2006-09-15 2006-10-25 Pursuit Dynamics Plc An improved mist generating apparatus and method
CN103522118B (zh) * 2013-09-26 2015-10-07 上海金兆节能科技有限公司 嵌套式水、油和气三相混合喷嘴及包含该喷嘴的喷嘴系统
FR3045404B1 (fr) * 2015-12-17 2021-06-11 Univ Nantes Dispositif et procede pour realiser une emulsion en continu de deux liquides immiscibles
CN107754705A (zh) * 2016-08-17 2018-03-06 温州飞龙聚氨酯设备工程有限公司 一种采用液体动力超声波混合的浇注头
CN108479445B (zh) * 2018-04-16 2020-12-15 昆明理工大学 一种纳米气体溶胶发生器
CN115646339B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-21 湖南金石智造科技有限公司 一种制药用混合装置及其混合效果检测方法

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GB257274A (en) * 1925-08-22 1927-06-16 Geigy Ag J R A process and device for mixing liquids for the purpose of carrying out reactions and for producing dispersion systems
CH199178A (de) * 1937-04-16 1938-08-15 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum Imprägnieren von Flüssigkeiten mit Gasen oder Dämpfen.
DE2505490A1 (de) * 1974-02-11 1975-08-14 Vito Agosta Verfahren und vorrichtung zum emulgieren von mindestens zwei miteinander nicht mischbaren fluessigkeiten
WO1983001210A1 (fr) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-14 Patterson, William, P. Emulseur de grande puissance

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GB257274A (en) * 1925-08-22 1927-06-16 Geigy Ag J R A process and device for mixing liquids for the purpose of carrying out reactions and for producing dispersion systems
CH199178A (de) * 1937-04-16 1938-08-15 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum Imprägnieren von Flüssigkeiten mit Gasen oder Dämpfen.
DE2505490A1 (de) * 1974-02-11 1975-08-14 Vito Agosta Verfahren und vorrichtung zum emulgieren von mindestens zwei miteinander nicht mischbaren fluessigkeiten
WO1983001210A1 (fr) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-14 Patterson, William, P. Emulseur de grande puissance

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Title
See also references of WO8910184A1 *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993016791A2 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-09-02 April Dynamics Industries Ltd. Systeme d'ecoulement supersonique a deux phases
WO1993016791A3 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-09-30 April Dynamics Ind Ltd Systeme d'ecoulement supersonique a deux phases
US5544961A (en) * 1992-02-11 1996-08-13 April Dynamics Industries Ltd. Two-phase supersonic flow system
EP0555498A1 (fr) * 1992-02-11 1993-08-18 April Dynamics Industries 1990 Ltd. Système d'écoulement supersonique à deux phases
EP0878560A2 (fr) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-18 Tokyo Electron Limited Méthode de production de vapeur et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
EP0878560A3 (fr) * 1997-05-16 2000-04-26 Tokyo Electron Limited Méthode de production de vapeur et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
WO2001005493A1 (fr) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-25 Universite De Bourgogne Procede de fabrication d'emulsions et son dispositif
FR2796568A1 (fr) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-26 Amora Maille Procede de fabrication d'emulsions et son dispositif
EP2377505A4 (fr) * 2008-12-29 2015-08-05 Evgeny Petrovich Grebennikov Procédé de fabrication de préparations liposomales et dispositif de fabrication de liposomes
WO2011040837A1 (fr) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-07 Fisionic Holding Limited Dispositif pour la préparation d'une émulsion eau-carburant
GB2527653A (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-12-30 Cambridge Res & Dev Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
GB2527652A (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-12-30 Cambridge Res And Dev Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
US10376852B2 (en) 2014-04-28 2019-08-13 Hydramach Limited Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
US10500551B2 (en) 2014-04-28 2019-12-10 Hydramach Limited Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
GB2527651B (en) * 2014-04-28 2020-09-09 Hydramach Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
GB2527652B (en) * 2014-04-28 2021-02-24 Hydramach Ltd Heating, mixing and hydrating apparatus and process
EP3858475A1 (fr) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-04 Mircea Ienciu Réacteur permettant d'obtenir des carburants efficaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1989010184A1 (fr) 1989-11-02
DK664389A (da) 1990-02-09
DK664389D0 (da) 1989-12-22
FI896196A0 (fi) 1989-12-21
BR8807896A (pt) 1990-11-20
EP0399041A4 (en) 1991-07-24
JPH02504600A (ja) 1990-12-27
CN1051128A (zh) 1991-05-08

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