Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
  • B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
  • B41N3/08—Damping; Neutralising or similar differentiation treatments for lithographic printing formes; Gumming or finishing solutions, fountain solutions, correction or deletion fluids, or on-press development

Definitions

• the present invention relates to finisher compositions for lithographic printing plates and in particular to emulsion-type or solution-type finisher compositions.
• gumming up is conducted in which a finisher (so-called “gumming solution”) is applied onto the surface of the lithographic printing plate in order to protect the non-image areas thereof.
• a finisher so-called “gumming solution”
• Such a gumming up step is performed for various purposes, for instance, for enhancing the hydrophilicity of the non-image areas of the lithographic printing plate; for preventing the deterioration of the printing plate during the storage of the plate prior to printing operations or during the interruption period of the printing operations; for preventing the contamination of the printing plate with the finger or hand grease or ink during handling the plate, which is often observed, for instance, when the plate is mounted to a printing press and hence for preventing the non-image areas of the plate from being made ink receptive; and for preventing possible defects from appearing on the non-image or image areas thereof during handling the same.
• a conventional finisher for lithographic printing plates generally consists of an aqueous solution of gum arabic, cellulose gum or a water-soluble polymeric substance having a carboxyl group in the molecule.
• the aqueous solution may optionally comprise other additives such as a solvent, a surfactant, a pH-adjusting agent and a preservative.
• the inventors of this invention have conducted various studies with a view to overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. They have found out that when the surface of a lithographic printing plate is processed with a finisher composition which comprises a water-soluble resin and a specific compound, not only are the non-image areas of the plate highly desensitized, but also the image areas thereof are not caused any reduction in ink receptivity (i.e. incomplete adhesion of ink to the image areas during printing) even if large numbers of PS plates are processed.
• the present invention has been completed based on this finding.
• the present invention provides a finisher composition
• a finisher composition comprising a water-soluble resin having film-forming ability and compound selected from an acetylene alcohol, an acetylene glycol and an adduct of an alkylene oxide with the acetylene alcohol or acetylene glycol.
• finisher composition of the present invention will hereunder be explained in more detail.
• acetylene alcohol usable in the present invention is unsaturated alcohols having an acetylene bond in the molecule and specific examples thereof include the following compounds listed below:
• acetylene glycol usable in the present ivention is unsaturated glycols having an acetylene bond in the molecule and specific examples thereof are those listed below:
• an adduct of an alkylene oxide with the acetylene alcohol and/or acetylene glycol is also usable.
• the alkylene oxide is preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and particularly preferred is ethylene oxide.
• the molar number of the alkylene oxide to be added to the alcohol and/or glycol is preferably not more than 30.
• the finisher composition of the present invention comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of acetylene alcohols, acetylene glycols or alkylene oxide adducts thereof in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the finisher composition.
• the preferred water-soluble resins having a film-forming ability are gum arabic, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose and modified products thereof; polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof; polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide and derivatives thereof, acrylic acid copolymers, vinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride copolymers, styrene/maleic anhydride copolymers, roasted dextrin, enzyme-decomposed dextrin and enzyme-decomposed etherified dextrin.
• gum arabic cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose and modified products thereof
• polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide and derivatives thereof, acrylic acid copolymers, vinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, vinyl acetate
• the particularly preferred water-soluble resin includes gum arabic, film-forming starches modified with phosphoric acid or its derivatives as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,719,172, film-forming hydroxyalkylated starch as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,762,772 and polybasic acid monoester derivative of starch described in U.S. Patent No. 4,840,875.
• These water-soluble resins having film-forming ability may be used alone or in combination in the composition of the invention.
• the water-soluble resin is desirably used in an amount ranging from 3 to 25% by weight and preferably 10 to 25% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the finisher composition.
• the finisher composition of the present invention may further comprise a variety of surfactants such as anionic surfactants and/or nonionic surfactants.
• anionic surfactants are sulfuric acid ester salts of fatty acid alcohols, phosphoric acid ester salts of fatty acid alcohols, sulfonic acid salts of dibasic fatty acid esters, sulfonic acid salts of fatty acid amides, alkylarylsulfonic acid salts and formaldehyde-condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid salts.
• nonionic surfactants are polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycol alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters and polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ethers. These surfactants may be used, alone or as a combination, in the composition of the present invention.
• the preferred combinations of surfactants are those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,268,613 and 4,348,954.
• the amount of thereof is not critical, but it preferably ranges from 0.01 to 10% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the composition.
• the finisher composition is used under an acidic condition, i.e., at a pH ranging from 3 to 6.
• the pH of the composition is adjusted by the addition, to the composition, of a pH-adjusting agent such as a mineral acid, an organic acid or an inorganic salt.
• the amount of the pH-adjusting agent suitably ranges from 0.01 to 2% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the composition.
• Specific examples of the organic acids are citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, p-­toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid and organic sulfonic acids.
• the useful mineral acids are nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
• the inorganic salts include water-soluble alkali metal salt and ammonium salt of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, molybdic acid, acetic acid, polyphosphoric acid and boric acid, such as sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium borate and ammonium borate.
• the pH-adjusting agent may be used, alone or
• the finisher composition may optionally comprise a wetting agent such as a lower polyhydric alcohol, for instance, glycerin, ethylene glycol or triethylene glycol.
• a wetting agent such as a lower polyhydric alcohol, for instance, glycerin, ethylene glycol or triethylene glycol.
• the amount of the wetting agent suitably ranges from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the composition.
• the finisher composition of the present invention may comprise at least one preservative selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid and its derivatives, phenol, formalin, sodium dehydroacetate, 2-bromo-2-­nitro-1,3-propanediol, 4-isothiazoline-3-ones and derivatives thereof in an amount ranging from 0.005 to 2.0% by weight of the composition.
• the finisher composition of the present invention may further comprise an anti-foaming agent.
• the preferred examples include organic silicone compounds. The amount thereof preferably ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight of the protecting composition.
• the finisher composition may comprise an organic solvent for preventing the reduction in the ink receptivity of the image areas.
• organic solvents are those hardly soluble in water such as petroleum solvents having a boiling point ranging from about 120° C to about 250° C (e.g., solvent naphtha, xylene) and plasticizers having a solidification point not more than 15 ° C and a boiling point not less than 300 0°C (e.g., dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate).
• Such organic solvents may be added to the present composition in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the composition.
• the finisher composition of the present invention may be used in the form of uniform solution, suspension or emulsion.
• the emulsion type compositions containing the foregoing organic solvents can provide excellent properties.
• the finisher composition of the present invention may be applied to a variety of lithgoraphic printing plates. It is preferably used for treating lithographic printing plates which are obtained by imagewise exposing, to light, a light-sensitive lithographic plate which comprises an aluminum plate as a substrate and a light-­sensitive layer thereon (a PS plate), and then developing the exposed PS plate.
• lithographic printing plates which are obtained by imagewise exposing, to light, a light-sensitive lithographic plate which comprises an aluminum plate as a substrate and a light-­sensitive layer thereon (a PS plate), and then developing the exposed PS plate.
• the PS plates comprise a substrate having a hydrophilic surface and a light-sensitive layer of a lighographically suitable light-­sensitive composition applied on the substrate.
• light-sensitive compositions are those cpomprising diazo compounds; those containing azido compounds as disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1, 235,281 and 1 ,495,861 ; those comprising photocross linkable photopolymers as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,860,426; those comprising photopolymerizable photopolymers as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,072,528 and 4,072,527; photo-conductive compositions as disclosed in J.P. KOKAI Nos. Sho 56-19063 and Sho 56-29250; and silver halide emulsions as disclosed in J.P. KOKAI Nos. Sho 52-62501 and Sho 56-111852.
• those comprising diazo compounds are preferably used because of their totally excellent properties. For instance, they are excellent in storability of the light-sensitive layer; developing properties such as developing latitude; properties of images such as quality of images; printing properties such as ink receptivity and wear resistance; and they can be developed with a developer having a low probability of environmental pollution.
• the light-sensitive compositions may be divided into two groups, i.e., negative-working and positive-working ones.
• the negative-working light-sensitive compositions containing diazo compounds comprise light-sensitive diazo compounds and preferably polymeric compounds.
• the light-sensitive diazo compounds conventionally known ones may be employed and examples thereof preferably employed are organic solvent-soluble salts of diazo resins, such as salts of a condensate of p-diazodiphenylamine and formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, with hexafluorophosphoric acid salt, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid salt or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid salt.
• polymeric compounds which are preferably employed are (meth)acrylic acid copolymers; crotonic acid copolymers; itaconic acid copolymers; maleic acid copolymers; cellulose derivatives having a carboxyl group at a side chain; polyvinyl alcohol derivatives having a carboxyl group at a side chain; hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylic acid copolymers having a carboxyl group at a side chain as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,123,176; unsaturated polyester resins having a carboxyl group; sulfonamidephenyl (meth) acrylamide copolymers as described in J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 61-275838; and hydroxyphenyl (meth)acrylamide copolymers having a carboxyl group at a side chain as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,731,316.
• any conventionally known compounds may be used and typical examples thereof are o-quinonediazide compounds, preferably o-naphthoquinonediazide compounds.
• o-quinonediazide compounds preferably o-naphthoquinonediazide compounds.
• preferred are o-naphthoquinonediazide sulfonic acid esters or o-­naphthoquinonediazide carboxylic acid esters of a variety of hydroxyl compounds; and o-naphthoquinonediazide sulfonic acid amides or o-­naphthoquinonediazide carboxylic acid amides of a variety of aromatic amine compounds.
• Examples of preferred hydroxyl compounds are resins obtained by condensing phenols with carbonyl group-containing compounds.
• phenols are phenol, cresol, resorcin and pyrogallol and those of the carbonyl group-containing compounds are formaldehyde, benzaldehyde and acetone.
• Preferred hydroxyl compounds are, for instance, phenol/formaldehyde resins, cresol/formaldehyde resins, pyrogallol/acetone resins, and resorcin/benzaldehyde resins.
• Typical examples of the o-quinonediazide compounds are esters of benzoquinone-(1,2)-diazide sulfonic acid or naphthoquinone-(1,2)-­diazide sulfonic acid with phenol/formaldehyde resin or cresol/formaldehyde resin; esters of naphthoquinone-( 1,2 )-diazide-(2)-­5-sulfonic acid with resorcin/benzaldehyde resins as disclosed in J.P. KOKAI No.
• KOKAI No. Sho 50-117503 those obtained by esterifying homopolymers of p-hydroxystyrene or copolymers of the monomer and other copolymerizable monomers with o-­naphthoquinonediazidosulfonyl chloride as disclosed in J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 50-113305; esters of bisphenol/formaldehyde resins with o-­quinonediazidosulfonic acid as disclosed in J.P. KOKAI No.
• these o-quinonediazido compunds may be used alone, but preferably in combination with an alkali-soluble resin.
• alkali-soluble resins are novolak type phenol resins.
• the specific examples are phenol/formaldehyde resins, cresol/formaldehyde resins, and phenol/cresol/formaldehyde copolycondensed resins as disclosed in J.P. KOKAI No. Sho 55-57841.
• the light-sensitive composition may optionally comprise alkali-soluble resins other than the aforementioned alkali-soluble novolak type phenol resins.
• alkali-soluble resins are styrene/acrylic acid copolymers; methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymers; alkali-soluble polyurethane resins; and alkali-soluble vinyl resins and alkali-soluble polybutyral resins as disclosed in J.P. KOKOKU No. Sho 52-28401.
• the amount of these o-quinonediazido compounds preferably ranges from 5 to 80% by weight, and more preferably 10 to 50% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the solid contents of the light-­sensitive composition.
• that of the alkali-soluble resins preferably ranges from 30 to 90% by weight and more preferably 50 to 85% by weight on the basis of the total weight of the solid contents of the light-sensitive composition.
• the light-sensitive layer may be in a monolayer or multi layer structure.
• the layer may comprise other additives such as dyes, plasticizers and components which can impart printing out properties to the light-sensitive layer.
• the amount of the light-sensitive layer to be applied to the surface of a substrate preferably ranges from 0.1 to 7 g/m2, more preferably 0.5 to 4 g/m2 (on dry basis).
• An underlying layer may optionally be applied between the substrate and the light-sensitive layer.
• substrates suitably for the PS plates are aluminum plates (inclusive of aluminum alloy plates), paper, plastic films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, polyvinyl acetal and polycarbonate films; and composite substrate comprising metal plates which are laminated with an aluminum foil or to which an aluminum layer is deposited.
• the aluminum plate is preferably surface-roughened for the purposes of enhancing the water retention and of improving the adhesion between the aluminum plate and the light-sensitive layer applied thereon.
• suface-roughening treatments include those generally known in the art such as brush graining, ball graining, electrolytic etching, chemical etching, liquid honing, sand blasting and combination thereof.
• Preferred suface-roughening treatments are those comprising electrolytic etching treatment.
• an electrolytic bath usable in the electrolytic etching there may be used, for instance, aqueous solutions containing acids, alkalis or their salts or aqueous solutions containing organic solvents, in particular electrolytes containing hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or their salts.
• the surface-roughened aluminum plate is optionally desmutted with an aqueous solution of an acid or an alkali.
• the aluminum plate thus treated is desirably anodized and preferably anodized in a bath containing sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
• a sealing treatment and a surface treatment which comprises, for instance, dipping the plate in an aqueous solution of potassium fluorozirconate.
• a PS plate is imagewise exposed to light and then developed to give a lithographic printing plate.
• a developer usable in the foregoing development is an alkaline solution whose principal solvent is water.
• the developer optionally comprises additives such as organic solvents, anionic surfactants and inorganic salts in addition to an alkaline agent.
• alkaline agents which are advantageously employed include inorganic alkaline agents such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium tertiary phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate; or organic alkaline agents such as mono-, di or tri­ethanolamine and propanolamine.
• inorganic alkaline agents such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium tertiary phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate
• organic alkaline agents such as mono-, di or tri­ethanolamine and propanolamine.
• organic solvents examples include alcohols such as n-­propyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol; and glycol ethers such as phenyl cellosolve.
• the organic solvents are added to the developer preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 15% by weight and more preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
• anionic surfactants include alkylsulfuric acid ester salts such as sodium laurylsulfate; alkylarylsulfonic acid salts such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; sulfonic acid salts of dibasic fatty acid esters such as sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid salts such as sodium n-butylnaphthalene -sulfonate; and polyoxyethylene alkyl(phenol) ether sulfates and in particular alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid salts such as sodium n-­butylnaphthalenesulfonate are suitably used.
• the amount of the anionic surfactants in the developer preferably ranges from 0.1 to 5% by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by weight.
• inorganic salts are water-soluble alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid, silicic acid, carbonic acid and sulfurous acid and, particularly preferred are alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of sulfurous acid.
• the amount of these inorganic salts in the developer in general ranges from 0.05 to 5% by weight and preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight.
• the developer further comprises other additives such as antifoaming agents and lubricants, if necessary.
• the imgewise exposed PS plate can be developed with the foregoing developer in various known manners.
• Specific examples of methods for developing the imagewise exposed PS plate include a method comprising dipping the PS plate in a developer; a method comprising spraying a developer on the light-sensitive layer of the PS plate through a plurality of nozzles; a method comprising rubbing the light-sensitive layer of the PS plate with a sponge containing a developer; and a method comprising applying a developer to the surface of the light-sensitive layer of the PS plate with a roller.
• the resulting lithographic printing plate thus developed is washed with water, the water is squeezed from the surface of the PS plate, then a proper amount of the finisher composition of the present invention is poured onto the plate surface. Then, the plate surface is rubbed with a sponge so that the protecting composition is uniformly distributed throughout the plate surface. As a result, the non-image areas of the plate surface can be protected and hence the lithographic printing plate can stably stored.
• the following methods are employed: applying the finisher composition to the resulting lithographic printing plate after the development and water washing by use of an automatic gumming machine; supplying it to the printing plate immediately after the development without water washing; and applying it to the printing plate after water washing with a small amount of water or after rinsing with a rinse solution containing a surfactant such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,291,117 by use of an automatic gumming machine.
• the protecting composition of the present invention is effectively used for gumming treatments carried out immediately after the development.
• the lithographic printing plate is in general washed with water, prior to the printing operation to remove the gum on the plate surface (so-called degumming step) and then printing is performed in a conventional manner.
• the finisher composition of the present invention makes it possible to directly perform the printing operation without carrying out such a degumming step.
• the composition of the present invention further makes it possible to provide acceptable clear printed matters immediately after the initiation of the printing operation without providing a great number of unacceptable printed matters as usually observed in the conventional gumming compositions and to maintain a high hydrophilicity of the non-image areas.
• the composition of the present invention can provide good printed matters free of background contamination.
• cream dextrin (roasted dextrin) were dissolved in 620 parts of pure water while stirring and heating at 70 °C. Then 100 parts of a gum arabic aqueous solution having a concentration of 14 ° Be were added. Further, 4 parts of phosphoric acid (85%) and 2 parts of magnesium nitrate were dissolved in the solution and then 20 parts of glycerin as a wetting agent were also dissolved therein to give an aqueous phase.
• the aqueous phase prepared above was stirred and heated so that the temperature thereof was held at 40° C, the foregoing oil phase was slowly dropwise added to the aqueous phase to obtain a dispersion.
• the dispersion was homogenized to give an opaque white emulsion type finisher composition (Ex. 1).
• the same procedures used above were repeated except that the same amount of sodium dialkylsulfo-succinic acid ester was used in place of 2,4,7,9-­tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol to thus give a finisher composition (Comp. Ex. 1)
• a PS plate was prepared by applying to the surface of the aluminum plate thus treated, a light-sensitive composition which comprised 2.0 parts of 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate copolymer (prepared as disclosed in Example 1 of British Patent No. 1,505,739), 0.112 part of 2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-benzoylbenzenesulfonic acid salt of a condensate of p-diazodiphenylamine with paraformaldehyde, 0.03 part of Oil Blue #603 (available from ORIENT CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.), 15 parts of 2-methoxyethanol, 10 parts of methanol and 5.0 parts of ethylene chloride.
• the coated amount of the light-sensitive composition was 1.5 g/m2 (on dry basis).
• the PS plate was imagewise exposed to light through a negative film carrying half-tone dot images, and then was developed and subjected to gumming up step with an automatic developing machine 800 EII (available from Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) wherein the first bath had been filled with the following developer and the second bath had been filled with the foregoing finisher.
• Composition of Developer Component Amount (part) Sodium sulfite 3.0 Benzyl alcohol 30.0 Triethanolamine 20.0 Monoethanolamine 5.0 Sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate 10.0 Pure water 1000
• etherified dextrin obtained by decomposing water-­soluble hydroxypropyl starch with an enzyme and 70 parts of cream dextrin (roasted dextrin) were dissolved in 650 parts of pure water by heating them at 70 °C. Then, 100 parts of an aqueous solution of gum arabic whose concentration was adjusted to 14° Be, 3 parts of phosphoric acid (85%) and ammonium primary phosphate were dissolved in the resulting solution to give an aqueous phase.
• a liquid light-sensitive composition was prepared by dissolving 1 part of naphthoquinone-1 ,2-diazido-5-sulfonic acid ester of polyhydroxyphenyl obtained by polycondensation of acetone and pyrogallol as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,635,709 and 2 parts of a novolak type cresol/formaldehyde resin in 40 parts of methyl cellosolve.
• the light-sensitive composition was applied onto the surface of a grained aluminum plate having a thickness of 0.2 mm, which had been sufficiently washed with water and dried, with a whirler and dried to prepare a positive-positive working PS plate having a light-sensitive layer in an amount of about 1.8 g/m2 (on dry basis).
• the PS plate was imagewise exposed to light through a positive film carrying half-tone dot images and then was developed and subjected to gumming up step with an automatic developing machine 800 E (available from Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) wherein the first bath had been filled with a 3% aqueous sodium silicate solution and the second bath had been filled with the foregoing finisher.
• an automatic developing machine 800 E available from Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
• the finisher compositions E (Comp. Ex. 3) and F (Ex. 3) prepared in the same manner as used in Example 2 were applied to the surface of lithographic printing plates in the same manner as in Example 2.
• the printing properties of the resulting lithographic printing plate to which the finisher composition F was applied is superior to those for the finisher composition E when the printing operations were performed at a high rate (5 m2/l ).
• the former provided clear copies after printing only several sheets and did not cause background contamination at all.

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• 1989
  • 1989-05-12 JP JP1119387A patent/JP2808133B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1990
  • 1990-05-04 EP EP90304862A patent/EP0397407B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-05-04 DE DE1990601272 patent/DE69001272T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

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