EP0397134B1 - Four à cuve pour la fusion de fer - Google Patents

Four à cuve pour la fusion de fer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0397134B1
EP0397134B1 EP90108722A EP90108722A EP0397134B1 EP 0397134 B1 EP0397134 B1 EP 0397134B1 EP 90108722 A EP90108722 A EP 90108722A EP 90108722 A EP90108722 A EP 90108722A EP 0397134 B1 EP0397134 B1 EP 0397134B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind
zone
furnace
area
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90108722A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0397134A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Doat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kuettner GmbH and Co KG
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Kuettner GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Kuettner GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kuettner GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0397134A1 publication Critical patent/EP0397134A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaft furnace in which metallic insert is melted with the addition of slag-forming additives and coke, wind being blown in in several areas lying one above the other and in the lower area a wind quantity leading to substoichiometric combustion of coke is blown in and in the upper area one for complete Combustion of the gases present is sufficient amount of wind is added, the middle area is in the melting zone and the upper area is provided for preheating the batch.
  • Cupola furnaces usually stand on a base plate.
  • the furnace jacket is made of sheet steel and is fireproof or lined without a lining.
  • the furnace jacket forms the furnace shaft.
  • the furnace is classified from a top stage.
  • the bottom of the furnace is formed by the sole inclined towards the tapping gutter. Above the sole is the so-called stove, which is filled with filling coke.
  • the liquid iron that is melted in the melting zone collects in the hearth.
  • the wind provided passes through wind pipes into an annular wind box surrounding the furnace or into a ring pipe built into the wind box and from there to the wind nozzles, also called blow molds or wind molds.
  • the hot furnace gases top gas
  • the hot furnace gases top gas
  • the melting process is as follows:
  • the batches thrown in through the inspection opening fill the furnace shaft up to the level of the gout platform.
  • the rising hot furnace gases heat the iron charge, which gradually slides into the furnace shaft due to the continuous melting.
  • the iron becomes liquid in the melting zone and drips through the coke bed.
  • the coke bed is formed by the filling coke column from the sole to the melting zone.
  • the melting zone is above the wind nozzles through which the wind is blown.
  • highly heated combustion air is fed to the wind vents.
  • the wind temperature is usually 400 - 600 ° C.
  • various methods have been developed, e.g. B. the top gas waste heat recovery with top gas combustion or external heating.
  • the hot-wind cupola ovens have been designed in a wide variety of variations. Among others Cupola furnaces with wind blowing at different levels were already known at the beginning of this century.
  • the invention has set itself the task of creating a new shaft furnace with a better thermal efficiency.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the temperature in the furnace is at a considerable distance from the temperature which corresponds to the thermal requirements.
  • the invention differs from the above-mentioned German patent.
  • a significant improvement in the thermal efficiency is achieved by the requirements of the claim.
  • a wind quantity leading to substoichiometric combustion of the coke is blown in in the lower region, while a somewhat smaller wind quantity is added in the middle region and a wind quantity sufficient for the combustion of still existing CO is added.
  • the shaft furnace according to the invention thus looks similar to a conventional cupola furnace, but it differs fundamentally from it.
  • the wind is fed so that the endothermic reduction of CO2 to CO cannot take place because only a minimum of CO2 is generated in the lower furnace area.
  • the central area of the nozzles is 300 to 700 mm from the lower area, the upper area from the central area 500 to 2500 mm.
  • the blow molds or wind molds of the upper area extend spirally over a shaft height of 1,500 to 2,500 mm.
  • the number of nozzles there is preferably 6 to 20.
  • the wind temperature in the lower range is 700 to 1 200 ° C, z. B. 900 ° C.
  • This wind temperature arises from appropriate heating of the hot wind, preferably using a recuperator.
  • the heat contained in the blast furnace gas is largely recovered in the recuperator.
  • the amount of heat still missing to achieve the desired temperature is supplied by external heating.
  • the heating is preferably carried out with the aid of a gas burner and / or oil burner, the combustion gases giving off their heat to the hot wind via a heat exchanger or overheating to the desired temperature taking place in the heat exchanger.
  • the heating of the wind to higher temperatures is also a fundamental problem that is solved by the invention.
  • the modern cupola furnaces are fed with hot air generated in a gas / air heater / exchanger by recovering all or part of the energy contained in the gases escaping from the cupola furnace.
  • the problems of constipation are eliminated by the air superheating according to the invention.
  • the overheating starts from the usual heated wind.
  • air superheaters which operate on the basis of electrical resistors are used for the wind superheaters.
  • air / gas heat exchangers can also be used which are operated with a suitable fuel, in particular natural gas or heating oil.
  • a cold wind supply is sufficient in the upper area.
  • the supplied amount of wind in the second wind form area generates a sufficient amount of energy for melting by burning coke and a certain amount of CO, which was generated shortly before in the area of the lower wind forms.
  • the wind quantity provided in the upper area is used to burn CO, which has arisen in the area of the lower wind form.
  • the energy generated by this combustion is used to preheat the metallic batch to a temperature close to the melting point.
  • the wind quantity for three areas (zones) is provided with a quantity control.
  • temperature control of the wind is preferably provided for the lower and middle area (zone).
  • the Poumay furnace was used in many European foundries, but no longer from 1925, since there was no control of the air supply and the cupola furnace did not work reliably without constant intensive monitoring.
  • the air for the spirally arranged wind nozzles was taken from the wind box that feeds the main nozzles.
  • the alternative to the Poumay ovens were ovens with several rows of wind nozzles arranged in a uniform manner. If part of the CO is burned at the level of the bottom row, the wind blown into the top row only hits CO2 (and nitrogen) that is generated in the bottom row. He no longer encounters CO. For this reason, no further combustion takes place.
  • the expansion of the gas resulting from the combustion pushes the unburned gas back from the opposite side, where it is burned by one of the upper nozzles, etc. .
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the shaft column with wind form areas A (superheater), B (melting area) and C (preheating). While the wind forms in areas A and B each lie in one plane, the 6 to 20 wind forms provided in area C are distributed spirally over a shaft column height of 1.5 to 2.5 m.
  • FIG 2a shows a schematic representation of the wind supply for a conventional hot wind cupola furnace with two rows of nozzles.
  • the blower 1 presses the recirculated air into a recuperator 3.
  • the recuperator outlet is regulated at 4 and 5 with flaps.
  • FIG 2 b shows a schematic representation of the wind supply for a shaft furnace according to the invention (capacity 15 t / h with 40% steel and 60% circulation and cast break).
  • a hot wind amount of 2,500 m 3 at a temperature of 500 ° C. is fed to the central region B.
  • 4,000 m3 of wind are fed.
  • the 4,000 m3 come from the recuperator 3 with a temperature of 500 ° C like the 2 500 m3 provided for the area B.
  • the 4,000 m3 wind provided for the area A in a heat exchanger 6 to 800 ° C or a higher temperature overheated.
  • the heat exchanger 6 is operated with external energy (for example, electrically or with gas).
  • the blower 2 feeds 2,000 m3 of cold air into the area C with the wind molds 11.
  • the wind supply is regulated with a flap 10.
  • Figures 3, 3 a, 4 and 4 a refer to 1 ton of iron.
  • Figure 3 shows the temperature and the energy profile in the shaft furnace
  • the gas temperature curve is designated 20.
  • Curve 21 corresponds to the iron temperature.
  • the curve 22 corresponds to the accumulated, minimally required amount of energy from the furnace sole to the gout. It can be seen that curve 21 is at some distance from curve 20.
  • Figure 4 shows the temperature and energy profile in different zones of a conventional hot-wind cupola.
  • the gas temperature curve is designated 25, the iron temperature 26.
  • Figure 5 shows another representation of the temperature profile and energy profile for both furnaces.
  • the triangles M, N, O, P for the shaft furnace according to the invention and M, N, O1, P1 for the conventional cupola furnace symbolize the total energy requirement per ton of liquid iron in each zone of the two furnaces. This also includes the wall losses.
  • the result is that the energy requirement of the conventional cupola furnace is higher (600 thermies versus 510 thermies, i.e. 15%) than in a shaft furnace according to the invention.
  • the shaft furnace according to the invention has a correspondingly better efficiency.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Four à cuve dans lequel on fond une charge métallique en y ajoutant du coke et des fondants formant un laitier, dans lequel on insuffle du vent en plusieurs zones situées les unes au-dessus des autres, en insufflant dans la zone inférieure (A) une quantité de vent conduisant à une combustion sous-stoechiométrique de coke et dans la zone supérieure (C) une quantité de vent suffisante pour une combustion totale des gaz présents, la zone centrale étant située dans la zone de fusion et la zone supérieure étant prévue pour le préchauffage de la charge, caractérisé en ce que la zone centrale (B) se situe à une distance de 300 à 700 mm de la zone inférieure (A), en ce que la zone supérieure (C) se situe à une distance de 500 à 2 500 mm de la zone centrale (B), et en ce que la zone supérieure (C) s'étend sur une hauteur de cuve de 1 500 à 2 500 mm et présente une disposition en forme de spirale des tuyères à vent, la quantité de vent ajoutée dans la zone (A) représentant de 40 à 60 % de la quantité de vent totale, la quantité de vent ajoutée dans la zone centrale (B) représentant de 20 à 50 % de la quantité de vent totale, et la quantité de vent ajoutée dans la zone supérieure (C) représentant de 20 à 35% de la quantité de vent totale.
EP90108722A 1989-05-11 1990-05-09 Four à cuve pour la fusion de fer Expired - Lifetime EP0397134B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3915374 1989-05-11
DE3915374 1989-05-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0397134A1 EP0397134A1 (fr) 1990-11-14
EP0397134B1 true EP0397134B1 (fr) 1993-09-08

Family

ID=6380439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90108722A Expired - Lifetime EP0397134B1 (fr) 1989-05-11 1990-05-09 Four à cuve pour la fusion de fer

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0397134B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59002611D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2045634T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686406A1 (fr) * 1992-01-16 1993-07-23 Doat Robert Dispositif economiseur d'energie pour les cubilots classiques, a partir d'une boite a vent independante et a debit d'air controle dans les tuyeres.
FR2720078B1 (fr) * 1994-05-18 1996-08-09 Tech Ind Fonderie Centre Procédé et dispositif de postcombustion des fumées d'un cubilot.
EP2253723A1 (fr) * 2009-05-20 2010-11-24 Paul Wurth S.A. Dispositif pour la régulation de la température d'un gaz dans une conduite de gaz chaud

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE423400C (de) * 1924-05-21 1925-12-30 Adolphe Poumay Kupolofen
DE540017C (de) * 1927-08-27 1932-12-24 Fritz Huth Dr Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Metallen in Schachtoefen
US2621915A (en) * 1948-07-05 1952-12-16 Adolphe Maurice Charles Poumay Cupola for foundries and steelworks
DE1064201B (de) * 1956-09-24 1959-08-27 Metalurski Inst Pri Tehniski F Mit zwei ueber dem Schlackenraum befindlichen Duesenreihen ausgestatteter Kupolofen
DE1146620B (de) * 1956-10-20 1963-04-04 Strico Ges Fuer Metallurg Verfahren zum Betrieb von Kupoloefen mit zwei oder mehreren uebereinander-liegenden Duesenreihen, sowie besondere Ofengestaltung bei Durchfuehrung dieses Verfahrens
GB1389840A (en) * 1971-10-06 1975-04-09 British Cast Iron Res Ass Metalmelting cupola furnaces
DE2843678C2 (de) * 1978-10-06 1980-07-31 Werner Hennes Kg, 4044 Kaarst Heizöl- oder gasbeheizter Schachtofen zum Erschmelzen und Überhitzen von Metall, speziell von Gußeisen (und Kupfer)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0397134A1 (fr) 1990-11-14
DE59002611D1 (de) 1993-10-14
ES2045634T3 (es) 1994-01-16

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