EP0120109A1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'un four à cubilot à air chaud - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'un four à cubilot à air chaud Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0120109A1
EP0120109A1 EP83103040A EP83103040A EP0120109A1 EP 0120109 A1 EP0120109 A1 EP 0120109A1 EP 83103040 A EP83103040 A EP 83103040A EP 83103040 A EP83103040 A EP 83103040A EP 0120109 A1 EP0120109 A1 EP 0120109A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
combustion
gas
furnace
excess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83103040A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Günther Dr.-Ing. Rachner
Giangaleazzo Romegialli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kuettner GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Kuettner GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kuettner GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kuettner GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP83103040A priority Critical patent/EP0120109A1/fr
Publication of EP0120109A1 publication Critical patent/EP0120109A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/22—Arrangements of heat-exchange apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/18—Arrangements of dust collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/26—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/08—Preheating the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/02—Ventilators in stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a working method for operating a hot-wind cupola, more precisely to control the combustion of the warm, unpurified hot, unpurified gaseous gases of a hot-wind cupola, which are preferably sucked out of an annular chamber below the opening, in a combustion chamber immediately downstream of this and charged with combustion air Combustion chamber, the wind being heated by the flue gases generated during the combustion and excess flue gas heat possibly being used in a waste heat boiler, for example.
  • the invention further relates to a device for operating a hot-wind cupola, more precisely to control the combustion of the blast furnace gas of a hot-wind cupola, which has a charging opening and an annular chamber, preferably arranged below the charging opening, from which the warm, uncleaned heat fluctuating calorific value is obtained Top gases must be extracted into a combustion chamber located outside the furnace and burned in the combustion air supplied together with the combustion chamber, the wind to be directed into the furnace being heated by the flue gases generated during the combustion by means of a heating device and excess flue gas heat by means of a heat extraction device , such as a waste heat boiler, is to be used for other purposes.
  • a heat extraction device such as a waste heat boiler
  • the cupola furnace which has long been known in its basic structure, is the most common and therefore dominant melting unit for the production of cast iron, malleable iron, etc. in foundries.
  • a cupola furnace generally consists of a cylindrical, vertical furnace shaft, in which, as so-called iron carriers, pig iron pellets, steel scrap, cast iron and its own cycle, as well as relatively coarse coke as fuel and limestone as a slag generator be used.
  • the combustion air for burning the coke located in the furnace shaft is usually blown into the furnace shaft through a plurality of radial openings arranged approximately 1.0 to 1.5 m above the floor. The burning coke heats and melts and overheats the iron carriers in its vicinity.
  • the liquid iron and the slag eventually run out of the furnace from a common or separate so-called siphon, while the top gas is sucked off either above or below the charging opening, burned and used to preheat the wind, with larger modern smelting plants before Combustion, the top gas is cleaned.
  • an optimal utilization of the energy supplied to the cupola furnace with the coke is to be striven for, so that extensive combustion of the carbon contained in the coke to carbon dioxide and extensive heat transfer of the sensible heat of the blast furnace gas to the charged feedstocks is desired.
  • the temperature of the top gases fluctuates with the unavoidable fluctuating composition of the iron carriers, the mean wall thickness of the iron carrier particles and the bulk density being of particular importance. As the wall thickness decreases, the heat transfer from the blast furnace gas to the scrap improves. With increasing bulk density, the dwell time of the feed materials in the furnace increases, which improves the heat transfer.
  • the composition of a top gas of a cupola furnace also fluctuates with the amount of so-called false air sucked in through the charging opening, which leads to an uncontrolled cooling and dilution of the top gas, this influence on the top gas composition being decisively determined by the pouring column of the insert, which drops in rhythm with the charging .
  • the quantity of false air is also determined by the flow resistance of the material column, that is to say by the composition of the charged material, so that for this reason too, limit cases occur in which the ignition of the blast furnace gas is not guaranteed.
  • Such wet dedusting devices consist of a so-called saturator, in which the top gas is sprayed with so much water that it is completely saturated with water vapor is, with the larger part of the easily wettable dust particles being discharged with the excess water and a downstream fine washer, in which the fine. Coagulate dust particles with water droplets in such a way that the dust-laden droplets can then finally be separated out in a droplet separator.
  • a wide variety of constructions are used as fine washers, which work according to the principle of the Venturi throat with water, or so-called disintegrators are used in which small water drops are formed by a rotating rotor, which coagulate with the very fine dust particles of the blast furnace gas.
  • Such wet washers can remove the very fine dusts of the cupola furnace, which consist predominantly of metal oxides, to a reasonably satisfactory degree only with high (generally electrical) energy expenditure, with residual amounts of dust generally remaining, which are considered to be very high, in particular in view of today's emission protection efforts.
  • This clean gas dust content can be improved to values below 50 mg / m 3 with disintegrators and / or high-performance venturi scrubbers if you take a correspondingly large amount of energy into account for the acceleration of the dust particles or for the formation of fine droplets, but it is today no longer responsible from an energy policy point of view, to pursue an arbitrarily high expenditure of energy for certain technical goals, which also has a decisive impact on costs.
  • the ignition is more difficult in a wet scrubbing purified stack gases in addition by the in the furnace top gas at saturation temperatures of 50 contained up to 60 0 C water vapor from, so that usually gas coolers are used in such installations where the Cool the top gases after saturation to temperatures of 30 to 40 ° C in order to reduce the water vapor content which hinders the ignition by condensation.
  • cupola furnaces with a directly adjacent combustion chamber have significant advantages, which are particularly important when it comes to recovering energy and cleaning the exhaust gases as far as possible, since the sensible heat of the top gas is not lost in such systems because harmful hydrocarbons are cracked in the combustion chamber, the carbon contained in the blast furnace gas burns in the combustion chamber without stressing the dust management, and the largely water-vapor-free flue gases reduce condensation and corrosion problems for heat exchangers, subsequent fabric filters and the like. cause.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve the known methods and devices of the type described above while avoiding their described and further disadvantages to the extent that the difficulties in controlling the combustion of the low-energy top gases with fluctuating temperature and composition are eliminated or at least largely eliminated are what creates a prerequisite for using the energetically, operationally and environmentally advantageous stoves of this type, the combustion control, in particular with regard to the allocation of combustion air, to be carried out with the greatest accuracy at the same time. Furthermore, the quality of the exhaust gas, ie the clean gas dust content, is to be improved considerably compared to the previously practiced methods and equipment and the amount of false air required for the smoke-free operation of the open top manhole is to be controlled by a reliable control circuit.
  • the amount of combustion air is regulated so that the excess air of the combustion is always kept constant.
  • a continuously measured component of the blast furnace gas (for example the CO content) can be used as a control variable for determining the excess air of combustion.
  • a constantly measured component of the flue gas is used to determine the excess air, and preferably the excess oxygen content in the flue gas, this method of operation having proven to be particularly useful because for the determination of the 0 2 Content measuring devices with a short reaction time of about 0.1 to 5 seconds are available, with a measuring device with a ceramic oxygen ion line being particularly suitable as an oxygen detector, as described in the "Reports of the German Ceramic Society" 52, 1975, no. 10, pages 321-324.
  • the method according to the invention taking into account the lockless furnace construction and the resulting quantity of false air, is based on the fact that this is appropriately taken into account as a proportion of the quantity of combustion air, the quantity of false air being used as a fixed or preferably variable proportion of the quantity of combustion air to meet the needs In this way, it is necessary to take into account any fluctuations in the quantity of false air that might counteract the combustion.
  • the combustion air can consist of a first air portion mixed with the blast furnace gas at the inlet of the combustion chamber and a second air portion having false air through the charging shaft, the two air portions generally being of different sizes and an air portion also becoming zero .
  • the second air fraction can be controlled in such a way that it ensures that, even in the event of pressure fluctuations in the furnace, no top gas escapes from the charging opening, the first air fraction then being controlled by a control circuit in such a way that the excess air from the combustion is always constant.
  • the first air fraction can expediently be chosen to be constant and large enough that with the lowest calorific value of the resulting blast furnace gas there is just enough combustion air, in which case no second air fraction is supplied, and that the second air fraction is only supplied at the higher calorific value of the blast furnace gas.
  • the combustion air can also consist only of the false air sucked in through the inspection shaft, the amount of combustion air then being controlled in turn by a corresponding control circuit so that the excess air of the combustion is kept constant.
  • the proposed according to the invention allows Process for the controlled combustion of the top gases occurring with a strongly fluctuating calorific value in a combustion chamber charged with unpurified top gas due to the surprisingly possible elimination of an upstream wet scrubbing with considerably less energy expenditure than the wet processes described, the achievement of a clean gas dust content below 10 mg / m 3 if subsequently cloth filter o .
  • a clean gas dust content below 10 mg / m 3 if subsequently cloth filter o .
  • the burnt flue gas which is indirectly cooled for the purpose of waste heat recovery without increasing volume, with a cloth filter and in this way to make use of the significantly better gas purification with, at the same time, considerably lower energy expenditure, as explained above.
  • the equipment part of the object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a control device with which the amount of combustion air to be supplied to the combustion chamber is to be controlled in such a way that the air excess of the combustion is constant.
  • the drawing shows a simplified, schematic D position of a hot-wind cupola furnace which is operated by means of the device according to the invention using the working method according to the invention.
  • the cupola furnace designated as a whole is a H Constantw cupola furnace, which has an insertion or inspection opening 2, one below the inspection opening 2 arranged annular chamber 3 for collecting the rising top gases, a wind ring 4 with nozzles 6 and a tap opening 7.
  • the furnace shaft 8 is essentially cylindrical and extends vertically.
  • the blast furnace gas rises in the furnace shaft according to arrow 9 and passes from this or the annular chamber 3 of the furnace 1 via a short connecting line 11 into the combustion chamber 16 immediately downstream of the cupola furnace 1.
  • the ° 2 content is constantly measured as a component of the flue gas, specifically with an oxygen probe 17 which is arranged in the combustion chamber 16 and works with a ceramic oxygen-ion line with a short reaction time.
  • the combustion air for the combustion chamber 16 consists not only of the false air sucked in through the chute 18, as may be the case in the embodiment of the present invention, but also of another supplied to the blast furnace gas via the air supply line 13 and mixed with it Air fraction, which is referred to below as "first air fraction" (during the air fraction of the combustion caused by the false air air is referred to as “second air fraction"), the second air fraction is controlled so that it ensures that, even with slight pressure fluctuations in the furnace, no top gas escapes from the charging opening 2, during the arrow 14 through the air supply line 13 admixed first air portion is controlled by a control loop so that the excess air of the combustion is always constant.
  • the constant first air fraction is chosen so large that at the lowest heating value of the blast furnace gas there is just enough combustion air, whereby under such conditions no second air fraction is then supplied, while the second air fraction is only supplied at a higher heating value of the blast furnace gas.
  • the wind indicated by the arrow 19 in the drawing is fed to the cupola furnace 1 via a wind pipe 21, but is still heated in a recuperator 22 before entering the furnace 1, specifically in a hot air heater 23, from which it is then heated reaches the furnace 1 via the horizontally represented section 21 'of the wind pipe 21.
  • the recuperator 22 also has a waste heat boiler 24, in which excess flue gas heat, which is not required for heating the wind, is used for further use, for example to create hot water in a hot water boiler 26.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown schematically is a lined furnace with a melting rate of 10 t / h, a wind temperature of 500 ° C, a top gas temperature of 250 ° C, a wind volume of 5,800 m 3 / h and a top gas quantity of 6.80 0 m 3 / h with 600 m 3 / h of false air, 17.1% N 2 '14 .4% CO, 10.5% C0 2 and 1.7% 0 2 , with a fixed amount of combustion air of 1,300 m 3 / h before the blast furnace gas is mixed into the combustion chamber 16 and a quantity of combustion air (valid for the above numerical example) of approximately 800 m 3 / h is sucked in through the charging opening 2 in the form of false air.
  • the second proportion of air is reduced to 300 m 3 / h with a CO content of 10% and increases to 2,000 m 3 / h with a CO content of 21%.
  • the excess air in the combustion is approx. 25% in all cases.
  • the swirl controller 27 on the suction fan 28 is raised, as a result of which the amount of combustion air sucked in as false air through the opening 2 is increased until the actual oxygen value in the flue gas corresponds to the specified oxygen setpoint.
  • the method according to the invention also results in a considerably more environmentally friendly quality of the exhaust gas 32, which is 10 times and more pure compared to the previously practiced methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
EP83103040A 1983-03-26 1983-03-26 Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'un four à cubilot à air chaud Withdrawn EP0120109A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83103040A EP0120109A1 (fr) 1983-03-26 1983-03-26 Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'un four à cubilot à air chaud

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83103040A EP0120109A1 (fr) 1983-03-26 1983-03-26 Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz d'échappement d'un four à cubilot à air chaud

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EP0120109A1 true EP0120109A1 (fr) 1984-10-03

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0177627A1 (fr) * 1984-10-10 1986-04-16 Dr. Küttner GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz de gueulard d'un four cubilot à vent chaud
WO2001027546A1 (fr) * 1999-10-14 2001-04-19 Frantisek Kubesa Dispositif de combustion des gaz, notamment des gaz provenant de fours a cuve a coulee des produits mineraux
CN112944923A (zh) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-11 彭思尧 一种钢厂烧结烟气低成本协同处理超净排放工艺及系统

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1035611A (fr) * 1951-01-19 1953-08-26 L & C Steinmüller G M B H Procédé et installation pour la récupération de la chaleur contenue dans les gazd'échappement des fours à cuve
US2906516A (en) * 1956-05-11 1959-09-29 American Radiator & Standard Combustion apparatus and temperature limiting means therefor
DE1526277A1 (de) * 1965-12-20 1970-03-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Feuerungsanlage
US3884621A (en) * 1973-07-30 1975-05-20 Round Rock Lime Company Control of vertical heat treating vessels
DE2745459A1 (de) * 1976-12-14 1978-06-15 Measurex Corp Einrichtung zur steuerung des verbrennungswirkungsgrades
AT365334B (de) * 1979-11-16 1982-01-11 Southwire Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zufuehren einer verbrennbaren gasfoermigen brennstoffmischung zu einem ofen, insbesondere einem metallurgischen schmelzofen
US4362499A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 Fisher Controls Company, Inc. Combustion control system and method
DE3145159A1 (de) * 1981-11-13 1983-06-01 Dr. Küttner GmbH & Co KG, 4300 Essen Verfahren und einrichtung zum steuern der gichtgasverbrennung eines heisswind-kupolofens

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1035611A (fr) * 1951-01-19 1953-08-26 L & C Steinmüller G M B H Procédé et installation pour la récupération de la chaleur contenue dans les gazd'échappement des fours à cuve
US2906516A (en) * 1956-05-11 1959-09-29 American Radiator & Standard Combustion apparatus and temperature limiting means therefor
DE1526277A1 (de) * 1965-12-20 1970-03-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Feuerungsanlage
US3884621A (en) * 1973-07-30 1975-05-20 Round Rock Lime Company Control of vertical heat treating vessels
DE2745459A1 (de) * 1976-12-14 1978-06-15 Measurex Corp Einrichtung zur steuerung des verbrennungswirkungsgrades
AT365334B (de) * 1979-11-16 1982-01-11 Southwire Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zufuehren einer verbrennbaren gasfoermigen brennstoffmischung zu einem ofen, insbesondere einem metallurgischen schmelzofen
US4362499A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 Fisher Controls Company, Inc. Combustion control system and method
DE3145159A1 (de) * 1981-11-13 1983-06-01 Dr. Küttner GmbH & Co KG, 4300 Essen Verfahren und einrichtung zum steuern der gichtgasverbrennung eines heisswind-kupolofens

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GIESSEREI, Band 67, Nr. 19, 15. September 1980, Seiten 594-600, D}sseldorf, DE. *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0177627A1 (fr) * 1984-10-10 1986-04-16 Dr. Küttner GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif de commande de la combustion des gaz de gueulard d'un four cubilot à vent chaud
WO2001027546A1 (fr) * 1999-10-14 2001-04-19 Frantisek Kubesa Dispositif de combustion des gaz, notamment des gaz provenant de fours a cuve a coulee des produits mineraux
CN112944923A (zh) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-11 彭思尧 一种钢厂烧结烟气低成本协同处理超净排放工艺及系统

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Inventor name: ROMEGIALLI, GIANGALEAZZO