EP0396700B1 - Fastening objects to an insulating layer of low mechanical strength - Google Patents

Fastening objects to an insulating layer of low mechanical strength Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396700B1
EP0396700B1 EP89912383A EP89912383A EP0396700B1 EP 0396700 B1 EP0396700 B1 EP 0396700B1 EP 89912383 A EP89912383 A EP 89912383A EP 89912383 A EP89912383 A EP 89912383A EP 0396700 B1 EP0396700 B1 EP 0396700B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recess
mechanical strength
bonded
panel
insulation layer
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EP89912383A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0396700A1 (en
Inventor
Raffaele Guardia
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SAP Baustoffe und Bauchemie AG
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SAP Baustoffe und Bauchemie AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/7641—Elements for window or door openings, or for corners of the building
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47H—FURNISHINGS FOR WINDOWS OR DOORS
    • A47H1/00—Curtain suspension devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
    • E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
    • E06B1/34—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
    • E06B1/342—Reveal covering members disposed alongside of a window frame

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Retrofitted insulation layers applied to new buildings consist almost entirely of thermal insulation blocks with standard dimensions, which can be cut to size on site using simple means if necessary. After assembly, exposed blocks are usually covered with a plaster.
  • thermal insulation blocks from rigid, foamed plastic, for example based on polyurethane or phenol-resole resins. These predominantly closed-cell foams have a high insulation capacity, but are sensitive to pressure due to their low mechanical strength. With usual means, e.g. Dowels, no objects can be attached to the insulation layer.
  • insulation blocks are used at the expected location for fastening mechanical means for guiding, hanging, holding or supporting objects, which are equipped on the outside with a plate of increased mechanical strength.
  • special blocks must be used according to a precise plan, because their position cannot be changed afterwards. Particularly in the area of window and door openings, precise and tedious cutting work has to be done.
  • this variant means that more highly qualified workers have to be employed, and therefore the costs are further increased.
  • the thermal insulation element comprises a board-shaped base body and, in relation to the boards, fastening slats arranged centrally thereon, which are provided with cutouts running transversely to their longitudinal axis.
  • the board-shaped base body can consist of a foamed plastic, in particular of a rigid polyurethane foam.
  • the fastening slats in turn preferably consist of a nailable material, in particular wood.
  • FR-A-2218750 describes in general a machine for cutting grooves in plastic foam, for example polyurethane foam. A large number of such machines are known and are used for a wide variety of purposes. With a U-shaped resistance wire, clean, exact grooves can be economically cut out.
  • the inventor has set himself the task of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset which allows a simple and cost-saving method of operation which is also suitable for assistants and does not have to be planned in detail beforehand.
  • the insulation layer in particular an external insulation
  • the insulation layer is applied in the area of window and door openings without having to take any special precautions for the attachment of objects, in particular rails for roller shutters or slatted blinds, hangers of blinds or ball shutters, etc.
  • the grooves can be cut out on site with little effort from the finished insulation layer, corresponding to the dimensions of the plates provided with high mechanical strength.
  • the glued panels are only attached to the insulation layer.
  • the flat connection of the insulation layer with the plate of high mechanical strength has an astonishingly large load-bearing capacity. Apart from the material, the areal expansion and the thickness of the plate with high mechanical strength, this can be increased by the fact that two of these, due to the material being less mechanical strength separate plates are glued.
  • the known foamed plastic blocks which consist, for example, of polyurethane or phenol-resole resins, are preferably used for the insulation layers. At the construction site, all foamed plastic blocks are simply called "Sagex sheets”.
  • a machine with a right-angled cantilever heating wire is suitable to easily cut out grooves of any dimensions from an insulation layer made of foamed plastic.
  • a groove is expediently recessed so deeply that the plate of high mechanical strength can be glued in flush on the outside after the introduction of an adhesive, which preferably consists of two components. This is particularly advantageous for a retrofitted plaster structure.
  • a continuous vertical groove is left out of the outer insulation layer, a plate of increased mechanical strength which also extends essentially over the entire height of the window or door glued in and the guide rail fastened with screws. In this case, the requirements for mechanical strength are relatively low.
  • a trough-shaped, rectangular or square groove is expediently cut out and a corresponding plate is glued in place.
  • the hangers with a pivot pin must have a higher load-bearing capacity than the resets.
  • a prefabricated composite plate can be glued in, which has cover plates of high strength on both sides for fastening means with higher power transmission.
  • the individual panels can also be glued into place in the groove, i.e. first a panel with high mechanical strength, then a panel made of insulation material and finally another panel with high mechanical strength, which is preferably flush with the insulation layer .
  • the plate of high mechanical strength glued into a groove in an insulation layer must be unbreakable. With external insulation, good resistance to moisture is an advantageous property. As there are high temperature fluctuations, particularly in the case of external insulation, temperature-related changes in length occur in the bonded materials. It is therefore advantageous to glue in a plate of high mechanical strength, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion that comes as close as possible to that of the insulation layer. This is particularly important for long glued-in panels, such as for fastening running tracks for roller shutters or louvre blinds.
  • melamine resin laminates have proven to be particularly suitable which have a coefficient of thermal expansion which comes very close to that of the conventional Sagex boards. These melamine laminate panels are designed as hard core panels, in particular if they are used for fastening running tracks.
  • An extraordinarily high load-bearing capacity of the mechanical means according to the invention for guiding, hanging, holding or supporting objects on a masonry with an insulation layer of low strength not only requires a perfect, full-surface gluing of the plates into the groove, but also requires an optimal bond of the Masonry or the base plaster with the inner surface of the insulation layer. Corresponding pretreatments and primers known to the person skilled in the art are usually necessary for this.
  • a machine known per se which has an electrically heated resistance wire which is bent at right angles in the shape of a U and is adjustable in height and can be used in various lengths.
  • the wire of the machine heated by electrical resistance should cut out the correct dimensions of the groove in one pass.
  • a one-piece heating wire it can be replaced in a few simple steps so that grooves of different widths can be left out in one pass.
  • the height adjustability relevant for the depth of the groove results from a heating wire that can be clamped at different distances from the machine or from replaceable heating wires with different lengths for the two parallel legs.
  • U-shaped heating wires can be used be set.
  • the width of the groove to be left out can be adjusted in stages.
  • the masonry 10 of a building shown in FIGS. 1-5 is provided with an external insulation 12 made of foamed plastic blocks.
  • An adhesive mortar 14 is introduced between the masonry 10 and the external insulation 12. This connects the masonry 10, if necessary with a base coat, and the foamed plastic blocks of the outer insulation 12 with high adhesion.
  • the masonry 10 has an interior plaster 16.
  • the window frame 18 made of wood, plastic and / or metal is attached in such a way that a joint is formed both against the interior 20 of the building and towards the outside, which is filled with putty 22, 24.
  • the window sash 26 with the double glazing 28 is shown in the closed position.
  • a groove 30 is cut out of the finished insulated and ground reveal, which in the present case is 6 cm wide and 0.6 cm deep.
  • the outer insulation 12 is 2-18 cm thick, in the present case somewhat thicker on the outside of the masonry 10 than in the window opening 32.
  • An adhesive 34 a two-component mixture, is applied over the entire surface into the groove 30 and the plate 36 is pressed on with high mechanical strength.
  • the thickness of the plate 36 and the depth of the groove 30 match, the surface 38 of the outer insulation 12 and that of the plate 36 are flush (FIG. 2).
  • the lateral gap between the plate 36 and the outer insulation 12 can also be at least partially filled with adhesive.
  • the surface 38 of the outer insulation 12 and the plate 36 is covered by a plaster structure.
  • This consists of a reinforcement 40, for example a glass fiber fabric, which extends over the putty 22 to the window frame 18.
  • the reinforcement 40 is covered by an investment material and a finished plaster 44, which extend in the window opening 32 to the window frame 18.
  • a running track 46 for a roller shutter, not shown, is anchored in the plate 36 by means of screws 48 which reach through the plaster structure. Forces acting on the running rail 46 are transmitted to the plate 36 and have an effect on the entire connecting surface of the plate 36 with the outer insulation 12. The forces transmitted to a large area of the outer insulation 12 with low strength are reduced in such a way that they can withstand.
  • the plate 36 can be greatly reduced in size, for example only half as wide.
  • the running rail 46 is fastened in the plate 36 with high mechanical strength by means of several screws 48, which are only indicated. Depending on the thickness of the plate 36, its material and the force acting, the screws 48 are inserted into or penetrate the plate 36.
  • the window sill 50 (FIG. 4) is drawn in the lower region of the window opening 32.
  • An insulated roller shutter box 52 is arranged in the upper region of the window opening 32, directly under the lintel 54.
  • the plate 36 extends in the vertical direction essentially over the entire height of the window opening 32.
  • the window opening 32 is closed at the bottom by a window sill 50, to which the running track 46 for the roller shutters leads.
  • the also visible ceiling 58 is covered with panel 60.
  • FIG. 6 to 8 show an insulation layer 64 made of foamed plastic, which is attached to the outside or inside of a building masonry 10.
  • a composite plate 36, 62 is glued into a recessed groove by means of a two-component adhesive 34, which e.g.
  • a screw passes through the first plate and is anchored in the second plate, with or without penetration.
  • the depth h of the recessed groove 30 corresponds in each case to the thickness of the composite plate 36, 62 used and the width b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A groove (30) is provided in an insulating layer (12, 64) applied to masonry (10). At least one-third of the insulating layer (12, 64) is left between the groove (30) and the masonry (10). At least one suitably dimensioned plate (36, 62) is inserted in the groove (30) and bonded all over to the bottom of the groove (30). The outermost plate (36) always possesses high mechanical strength. Mechanical means for guiding, suspending, securing or supporting objects are anchored in the bonded plate(s) (36) of high mechanical strength. A machine for making a groove (30) in an insulating layer (12, 64) of foamed plastic has an electrically heatable resistance wire (68) bent into the shape of a rectangular U, the height (h) and width (b) of which can be adjusted.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

In vielen Fällen genügen Gebäude, welche bis Anfang der 70iger Jahre erstellt worden sind, trotz sonst guter Bausubstanz den heutigen Wärmedämmvorschriften und/oder der Bewusstseinsänderung in bezug auf den Umweltschutz und die Schonung der Energieressourcen nicht mehr. Die Sanierung erfolgt in erster Linie durch Aufbringen einer Aussenisolierung, welche einen bessern Wärmehaushalt bietet, als eine im Prinzip ebenfalls mögliche, nachgerüstete Innenisolation.In many cases, buildings that were built up to the early 1970s are no longer sufficient despite today's good building structure, today's thermal insulation regulations and / or a change in awareness regarding environmental protection and the conservation of energy resources. The renovation is primarily carried out by applying an external insulation, which offers a better heat balance than a retrofitted internal insulation, which is also possible in principle.

Nachgerüstete und an Neubauten angebrachte Isolationsschichten bestehen praktisch durchwegs aus Wärmedämmblöcken mit Normmassen, welche wenn nötig auf der Baustelle mit einfachen Mitteln zugeschnitten werden können. Nach der Montage werden freiliegende Blöcke normalerweise mit einem Putz überzogen.Retrofitted insulation layers applied to new buildings consist almost entirely of thermal insulation blocks with standard dimensions, which can be cut to size on site using simple means if necessary. After assembly, exposed blocks are usually covered with a plaster.

Es ist bekannt, Wärmedämmblöcke aus steifem, geschäumtem Kunststoff herzustellen, beispielsweise auf der Basis von Polyurethan oder Phenol-Resol-Harzen. Diese überwiegend geschlossenzelligen Schaumstoffe haben eine hohe Isolationsfähigkeit, sind aber wegen ihrer geringen mechanischen Festigkeit druckempfindlich. Mit üblichen Mitteln, wie z.B. Dübeln, können keine Gegenstände an der Isolationsschicht befestigt werden.It is known to produce thermal insulation blocks from rigid, foamed plastic, for example based on polyurethane or phenol-resole resins. These predominantly closed-cell foams have a high insulation capacity, but are sensitive to pressure due to their low mechanical strength. With usual means, e.g. Dowels, no objects can be attached to the insulation layer.

Das Anbringen von Laufschienen für Rolläden oder Lamellenstoren, Aufhängern und Feststellern fürJalousie- oder Ballenläden, Konsolen zur Schaffung einer Abstellfläche, Beleuchtungskörpern oder Haken für schwere Bilder usw. an einer üblichen Aussen- oder Innenisolationsschicht ist deshalb nicht möglich.It is therefore not possible to attach running tracks for roller shutters or slatted blinds, hangers and brackets for blinds or ball stores, brackets to create a storage area, lighting fixtures or hooks for heavy pictures, etc. on a conventional outer or inner insulation layer.

Nach dem bekannten Stand der Technik werden deshalb nach einer ersten Variante mechanische Mittel zum Führen, Aufhängen, Festhalten oder Abstützen von Gegenständen im hinter der Isolationsschicht liegenden Mauerwerk befestigt. Dies bedingt einerseits einen erhöhten und komplizierteren Arbeitsaufwand und andrerseits längere mechanische Mittel mit einem grösseren Querschnitt, beispielsweise Schrauben. Dies wiederum bedingt das Ausbohren grösserer Löcher und das Einbringen grösserer Dübel.According to the known prior art, mechanical means for guiding, hanging, holding or supporting objects are therefore fastened in the masonry lying behind the insulation layer according to a first variant. On the one hand, this requires an increased and more complicated workload and, on the other hand, longer mechanical means with a larger cross section, for example screws. This in turn requires drilling larger holes and inserting larger dowels.

Nach einer zweiten Variante werden am erwarteten Ort für die Befestigung von mechanischen Mitteln zum Führen, Aufhängen, Festhalten oder Abstützen von Gegenständen Isolationsblöcke eingesetzt, welche auf der aussenliegenden Seite mit einer Platte erhöhter mechanischer Festigkeit ausgerüstet sind. Dies bedingt, dass nach einem genauen Plan spezielle Blöcke eingesetzt werden müssen, weil ihre Lage nachträglich nicht mehr verändert werden kann. Insbesondere im Bereich von Fenster- und Türöffnungen muss präzise und mühsame Zuschneidarbeit geleistet werden. Weiter bedingt diese Variante, dass höher qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte eingesetzt werden müssen, und daher die Kosten weiter erhöht werden.According to a second variant, insulation blocks are used at the expected location for fastening mechanical means for guiding, hanging, holding or supporting objects, which are equipped on the outside with a plate of increased mechanical strength. This means that special blocks must be used according to a precise plan, because their position cannot be changed afterwards. Particularly in the area of window and door openings, precise and tedious cutting work has to be done. Furthermore, this variant means that more highly qualified workers have to be employed, and therefore the costs are further increased.

Ein Beispiel dieser zweiten Variante ist die DE-A-3307634, die ein Wärmedämmelement für Innen- und Aussenverkleidungen betrifft, das direkt an der Wand befestigt werden kann. Das Wärmedämmelement umfasst einen brettförmigen Grundkörper und in Bezug auf die Bretter mittig darauf angeordnete Befestigungslatten, die mit quer zu ihrer Längsachse verlaufenden Aussparungen versehen sind. Der brettförmige Grundkörper kann aus einem geschäumten Kunststoff, insbesondere aus einem Polyurethanhartschaumstoff, bestehen. Die Befestigungslatten ihrerseits bestehen bevorzugt aus einem nagelbaren Material, insbesondere Holz. Mit diesen vormontierten Befestigungslatten kann in einem Arbeitsgang ein Aufbau hergestellt werden, fürden früher drei Arbeitsgänge notwendig waren. Diese Vormontage ist spezifisch auf Fassadenelemente ausgerichtet, eine exakte Positionierung der Befestigungslatten ist nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Wesentlich ist die wirtschaftliche Montagemöglichkeit von grossen Flächen von Fassadenelementen.An example of this second variant is DE-A-3307634, which relates to a thermal insulation element for interior and exterior claddings that can be attached directly to the wall. The thermal insulation element comprises a board-shaped base body and, in relation to the boards, fastening slats arranged centrally thereon, which are provided with cutouts running transversely to their longitudinal axis. The board-shaped base body can consist of a foamed plastic, in particular of a rigid polyurethane foam. The fastening slats in turn preferably consist of a nailable material, in particular wood. With these preassembled fastening slats, a structure can be produced in one work step, which previously required three work steps. This pre-assembly is specifically designed for facade elements, an exact positioning of the fastening slats is only of secondary importance. What is essential is the economical installation of large areas of facade elements.

Die FR-A-2218750 beschreibt ganz allgemein eine Maschine zum Aussparen von Rillen in Kunststoffschaum, beispielsweise Polyurethanschaum. Derartige Maschinen sind in grosser Auswahl bekannt und werden zu den verschiedensten Zwecken verwendet. Mit einem U-förmiggebogenen Widerstandsdraht können saubere, exakte Nuten kostengünstig ausgespart Werden.FR-A-2218750 describes in general a machine for cutting grooves in plastic foam, for example polyurethane foam. A large number of such machines are known and are used for a wide variety of purposes. With a U-shaped resistance wire, clean, exact grooves can be economically cut out.

Der Erfinder hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welches eine einfache und kostensparende Arbeitsweise erlaubt, die sich auch für Hilfskräfte eignet und nicht im Detail vorausgeplant werden muss.The inventor has set himself the task of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset which allows a simple and cost-saving method of operation which is also suitable for assistants and does not have to be planned in detail beforehand.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach dem Keunzeichen von Patentanspruch 1 gelöstThis object is achieved according to the sign of claim 1

Erfindungsgemäss wird die Isolationsschicht, insbesondere eine Aussenisolation, im Bereich von Fenster-und Türöffnungen, aufgebracht, ohne spezielle Vorkehrungen für die Befestigung von Gegenständen, insbesondere Laufschienen für Rolläden oder Lamellenstoren, Aufhängern von Jalousie- oder Ballenläden usw. treffen zu müssen. Die Nuten können mit geringem Aufwand an Ort und Stelle aus der fertigen Isolationsschicht, entsprechend den Abmessungen der bereitgestellten Platten mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, ausgespart werden. Die eingeklebten Platten sind ausschliesslich an der Isolationsschicht befestigt. Die flächige Verbindung der Isolationsschicht mit der Platte von hoher mechanischer Festigkeit weist eine erstaunlich grosse Tragfähigkeit auf. Diese kann, abgesehen vom Material, der flächigen Ausdehnung und der Dicke der Platte mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, noch dadurch gesteigert werden, dass zwei derartige, durch Material geringer mechanischer Festigkeit getrennte Platten eingeklebt werden. Die Vorteile gegenüber den einleitend beschriebenen Verfahren sind offensichtlich.According to the invention, the insulation layer, in particular an external insulation, is applied in the area of window and door openings without having to take any special precautions for the attachment of objects, in particular rails for roller shutters or slatted blinds, hangers of blinds or ball shutters, etc. The grooves can be cut out on site with little effort from the finished insulation layer, corresponding to the dimensions of the plates provided with high mechanical strength. The glued panels are only attached to the insulation layer. The flat connection of the insulation layer with the plate of high mechanical strength has an astonishingly large load-bearing capacity. Apart from the material, the areal expansion and the thickness of the plate with high mechanical strength, this can be increased by the fact that two of these, due to the material being less mechanical strength separate plates are glued. The advantages over the methods described in the introduction are obvious.

Für die Isolationsschichten werden vorzugsweise die bekannten geschäumten Kunststoffblöcke verwendet, welche beispielsweise auf der Basis von Polyurethan oder Phenol-Resol-Harzen bestehen. Auf der Baustelle werden alle geschäumten Kunststoffblöcke einfach "Sagexplatten" genannt.The known foamed plastic blocks, which consist, for example, of polyurethane or phenol-resole resins, are preferably used for the insulation layers. At the construction site, all foamed plastic blocks are simply called "Sagex sheets".

Eine Maschine mit einem rechtwinklig abkragenden metallischen Heizdraht ist geeignet, auf einfache Weise Nuten beliebiger Dimensionen aus einer Isolationsschicht aus geschäumtem Kunststoff auszusparen.A machine with a right-angled cantilever heating wire is suitable to easily cut out grooves of any dimensions from an insulation layer made of foamed plastic.

Zweckmässig wird eine Nut so tief ausgespart, dass die Platte hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, nach dem Einbringen eines vorzugsweise aus zwei Komponenten bestehenden Klebers, aussen flächenbündig eingeklebt werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere auch für einen nachträglich aufgebrachten putzaufbau vorteilhaft.A groove is expediently recessed so deeply that the plate of high mechanical strength can be glued in flush on the outside after the introduction of an adhesive, which preferably consists of two components. This is particularly advantageous for a retrofitted plaster structure.

Zur Befestigung von Führungsschienen für Rolläden oder Lamellenstoren in Fenster- oder Türöffnungen, einem bedeutenden Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung, wird eine durchgehende vertikale Nut aus der Aussenisolationsschicht ausgespart, eine sich im wesentlichen ebenfalls über die ganze Höhe des Fensters bzw. der Türe erstreckende Platte erhöhter mechanischer Festigkeit eingeklebt und die Führungsschiene mit Schrauben befestigt. In diesem Fall sind die Anforderungen an die mechanische Festigkeit verhältnismässig gering.For the fastening of guide rails for roller shutters or louvre blinds in window or door openings, an important area of application of the invention, a continuous vertical groove is left out of the outer insulation layer, a plate of increased mechanical strength which also extends essentially over the entire height of the window or door glued in and the guide rail fastened with screws. In this case, the requirements for mechanical strength are relatively low.

Zur Befestigung von Aufhängern und Rückstellern von Jalousie- oder Ballenläden wird zweckmässig je eine wannenförmige, rechteckige oder quadratische Nut ausgespart und eine entsprechende Platte eingeklebt. Die Aufhänger mit einem Schwenkzapfen müssen eine höhere Tragfähigkeit als die Rücksteller aufweisen.To attach hangers and resets of blinds or ball shutters, a trough-shaped, rectangular or square groove is expediently cut out and a corresponding plate is glued in place. The hangers with a pivot pin must have a higher load-bearing capacity than the resets.

Falls eine entsprechend tiefere Nut ausgespart wird, kann eine vorgefertigte Verbundplatte eingeklebt werden, welche zur Befestigung von Mitteln mit höherer Kraftübertragung beidseits Deckplatten von hoher Festigkeit aufweist.If a correspondingly deeper groove is left out, a prefabricated composite plate can be glued in, which has cover plates of high strength on both sides for fastening means with higher power transmission.

Anstelle von vorgefertigten Verbundplatten können auch die einzelnen Platten an Ort und Stelle in die Nut eingeklebt werden, also vorerst eine Platte mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, dann eine Platte aus Isolationsmaterial und schliesslich wieder eine Platte mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, welche vorzugsweise mit der Isolationsschicht oberflächenbündig ist.Instead of prefabricated composite panels, the individual panels can also be glued into place in the groove, i.e. first a panel with high mechanical strength, then a panel made of insulation material and finally another panel with high mechanical strength, which is preferably flush with the insulation layer .

Die in eine Nut einer Isolationsschicht eingeklebte Platte von hoher mechanischer Festigkeit muss bruchfest sein. Bei Aussenisolation ist eine gute Beständigkeit gegen Feuchtigkeit eine vorteilhafte Eigenschaft. Da insbesondere bei Aussenisolationen hohe Temperaturschwankungen auftreten, treten in den verklebten Werkstoffen temperaturbedingte Längenänderungen auf. Es ist deshalb vorteilhaft, eine Platte von hoher mechanischer Festigkeit einzukleben, welche einen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten hat, der demjenigen der Isolationsschicht möglichst nahe kommt. Dies istvorallem bei langen eingeklebten Platten, wie beispielsweise für die Befestigung von Laufschienen für Roll-läden oder Lamellenstoren, von wesentlicher Bedeutung.The plate of high mechanical strength glued into a groove in an insulation layer must be unbreakable. With external insulation, good resistance to moisture is an advantageous property. As there are high temperature fluctuations, particularly in the case of external insulation, temperature-related changes in length occur in the bonded materials. It is therefore advantageous to glue in a plate of high mechanical strength, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion that comes as close as possible to that of the insulation layer. This is particularly important for long glued-in panels, such as for fastening running tracks for roller shutters or louvre blinds.

Für eine in die Nut eingeklebte Platte hoher mechanischer Festigkeit sind folgende Materialien geeignet, wobei für die Auswahl neben den Parametern mechanische Festigkeit, Bruchfestigkeit, Feuchtigkeitsbeständigkeit und thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient insbesondere auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit beachtet wird:

  • - Kunststoffe, wie Polyolefine, Polyaromaten, Polyester oder Polyharnstoffe,
  • - Metalle, wie Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen, Kupfer oder Messing,
  • - Holz.
The following materials are suitable for a plate with high mechanical strength that is glued into the groove, whereby in addition to the parameters, mechanical strength, breaking strength, moisture resistance and thermal expansion coefficient, particular attention is paid to economy:
  • Plastics, such as polyolefins, polyaromatics, polyesters or polyureas,
  • Metals, such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper or brass,
  • - Wood.

Als besonders geeignet haben sich Melaminharz-Laminate erwiesen, welche einen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten haben, der demjenigen von den gebräuchlichen Sagexplatten sehr nahe kommt. Diese Melamin-Laminatplatten sind, insbesondere wenn sie zur Befestigung von Laufschienen verwendet werden, als Hartkern-Platten ausgebildet.Melamine resin laminates have proven to be particularly suitable which have a coefficient of thermal expansion which comes very close to that of the conventional Sagex boards. These melamine laminate panels are designed as hard core panels, in particular if they are used for fastening running tracks.

Eine ausserordentlich hohe Tragfähigkeit der erfindungsgemäss befestigten mechanischen Mittel zum Führen, Aufhängen, Festhalten oder Abstützen von Gegenständen an einem Mauerwerk mit einer Isolationsschicht von geringer Festigkeit bedingt jedoch nicht nur ein einwandfreies, vollflächiges Einkleben der Platten in die Nut, sondern erfordert auch einen optimalen Verbund des Mauerwerks bzw. des Grundputzes mit der innenliegenden Oberfläche der Isolationsschicht. Dazu sind meist entsprechende, dem Fachmann bekannte Vorbehandlungen und Grundierungen notwendig.An extraordinarily high load-bearing capacity of the mechanical means according to the invention for guiding, hanging, holding or supporting objects on a masonry with an insulation layer of low strength not only requires a perfect, full-surface gluing of the plates into the groove, but also requires an optimal bond of the Masonry or the base plaster with the inner surface of the insulation layer. Corresponding pretreatments and primers known to the person skilled in the art are usually necessary for this.

Zur Aussparung einer Nut in einer Isolationsschicht aus einem geschäumten Kunststoff wird eine an sich bekannte Maschine verwendet, die einen in Form eines U rechtwinklig gebogenen, elektrisch heizbaren Widerstandsdraht hat, welcher in bezug auf die Höhe verstellbar und in verschiedenen Längen einsetzbar ist.To cut out a groove in an insulation layer made of a foamed plastic, a machine known per se is used, which has an electrically heated resistance wire which is bent at right angles in the shape of a U and is adjustable in height and can be used in various lengths.

Der durch elektrischen Widerstand geheizte Draht der Maschine soll in einem Durchgang die richtigen Dimensionen der Nut ausschneiden. Bei einem einstückig ausgebildeten Heizdraht ist dieser mit wenigen Handgriffen auswechselbar, damit Nuten verschiedener Breite in einem Durchgang ausgespart werden können. Die für die Tiefe der Nut relevante Höhenverstellbarkeit ergibt sich durch einen in verschiedenen Abständen von der Maschine festklemmbaren Heizdraht oder durch auswechselbare Heizdrähte mit unterschiedlichen Längen für die beiden parallelen Schenkel.The wire of the machine heated by electrical resistance should cut out the correct dimensions of the groove in one pass. In the case of a one-piece heating wire, it can be replaced in a few simple steps so that grooves of different widths can be left out in one pass. The height adjustability relevant for the depth of the groove results from a heating wire that can be clamped at different distances from the machine or from replaceable heating wires with different lengths for the two parallel legs.

Anstelle eines einzigen Heizdrahtes können mehrere linear aneinander gereihte, U-förmige Heizdrähte eingesetzt werden. Die Breite der auszusparenden Nut ist so stufenweise einstellbar.Instead of a single heating wire, several linearly arranged, U-shaped heating wires can be used be set. The width of the groove to be left out can be adjusted in stages.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:

  • - Fig. 1 einen horizontalen Teilschnitt durch eine Fensteröffnung mit ausgesparter Nut,
  • - Fig. 2 eine in die Nut gemäss Fig. 1 eingeklebte Platte von hoher mechanischer Festigkeit,
  • - Fig. 3 eine in der Platte gemäss Fig. 2 verankerte Rolladenlaufschiene,
  • - Fig. 4 einen vertikalen Teilschnitt durch eine Fensteröffnung gemäss den Fig. 1 - 3,
  • - Fig. 5 eine aufgeschnittene Seitenansicht einer Fensteröffnung,
  • - Fig. 6 eine in eine Nut eingesetzte Verbundplatte mit je einer Schicht hoher und niedriger Festigkeit,
  • - Fig. 7 eine in eine Nut eingesetzte Verbundplatte mit Deckschichten hoher Festigkeit, z.B. für eine Fensterladenaufhängung,
  • - Fig. 8 eine Variante des Prizips gemäss Fig. 7, und
The invention is explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. They show schematically:
  • 1 shows a horizontal partial section through a window opening with a recessed groove,
  • 2 shows a plate of high mechanical strength glued into the groove according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a roller shutter running track anchored in the plate according to FIG. 2,
  • 4 shows a partial vertical section through a window opening according to FIGS. 1-3,
  • 5 shows a cut-away side view of a window opening,
  • 6 shows a composite panel inserted into a groove, each with a layer of high and low strength,
  • 7 shows a composite panel inserted in a groove with cover layers of high strength, for example for a shutter suspension,
  • 8 shows a variant of the principle according to FIG. 7, and

Das in den Fig. 1 - 5 dargestellte Mauerwerk 10 eines Gebäudes ist mit einer Aussenisolation 12 aus geschäumten Kunstoffblöcken versehen. Zwischen dem Mauerwerk 10 und der Aussenisolation 12 ist ein Klebermörtel 14 eingebracht. Dieser verbindet das Mauerwerk 10, gegebenenfalls mit einem Grundputz, und die geschäumten Kunststoffblöcke der Aussenisolation 12 mit hoher Haftfähigkeit.The masonry 10 of a building shown in FIGS. 1-5 is provided with an external insulation 12 made of foamed plastic blocks. An adhesive mortar 14 is introduced between the masonry 10 and the external insulation 12. This connects the masonry 10, if necessary with a base coat, and the foamed plastic blocks of the outer insulation 12 with high adhesion.

Das Mauerwerk 10 weist einen Innenputz 16 auf. Der Fensterrahmen 18 aus Holz, Kunststoff und/oder Metall ist so angeschlagen, dass sowohl gegen den Gebäudeinnenraum 20 als auch gegen aussen eine Fuge entsteht, die mit Kitt 22, 24 gefüllt ist. Der Fensterflügel 26 mit der Doppelverglasung 28 ist in geschlossener Position dargestellt.The masonry 10 has an interior plaster 16. The window frame 18 made of wood, plastic and / or metal is attached in such a way that a joint is formed both against the interior 20 of the building and towards the outside, which is filled with putty 22, 24. The window sash 26 with the double glazing 28 is shown in the closed position.

Aus der fertig isolierten und geschliffenen Leibung wird eine Nut 30 ausgespart, welche im vorliegenden Fall 6 cm breit und 0,6 cm tief ist. Die Aussenisolierung 12 ist 2 - 18 cm dick, im vorliegenden Fall auf der Aussenseite des Mauerwerks 10 etwas dicker als in der Fensteröffnung 32.A groove 30 is cut out of the finished insulated and ground reveal, which in the present case is 6 cm wide and 0.6 cm deep. The outer insulation 12 is 2-18 cm thick, in the present case somewhat thicker on the outside of the masonry 10 than in the window opening 32.

In die Nut 30 wird ein Kleber 34, ein Zweikomponentengemisch, vollflächig aufgetragen und die Platte 36 mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit aufgedrückt. Die Dicke der Platte 36 und die Tiefe der Nut 30 stimmen überein, die Oberfläche 38 der Aussenisolation 12 und diejenige der Platte 36 sind flächenbündig (Fig. 2). Beim Andrücken der Platte 36 kann auch der seitliche Spalt zwischen der Platte 36 und der Aussenisolation 12 mindestens teilweise mit Kleber gefüllt werden.An adhesive 34, a two-component mixture, is applied over the entire surface into the groove 30 and the plate 36 is pressed on with high mechanical strength. The thickness of the plate 36 and the depth of the groove 30 match, the surface 38 of the outer insulation 12 and that of the plate 36 are flush (FIG. 2). When pressing the plate 36, the lateral gap between the plate 36 and the outer insulation 12 can also be at least partially filled with adhesive.

Nach Fig. 3 ist die Oberfläche 38 der Aussenisolation 12 und die Platte 36 von einem Putzaufbau überzogen. Dieser besteht aus einer Armierung 40, beispiel sweise einem Glasfasergewebe, welche sich über den Kitt 22 hinweg zum Fensterrahmen 18 erstreckt. Die Armierung 40 ist von einer Einbettmasse und einem Fertigputz 44 überzogen, welche sich in der Fensteröffnung 32 bis zum Fensterrahmen 18 ausdehnen.3, the surface 38 of the outer insulation 12 and the plate 36 is covered by a plaster structure. This consists of a reinforcement 40, for example a glass fiber fabric, which extends over the putty 22 to the window frame 18. The reinforcement 40 is covered by an investment material and a finished plaster 44, which extend in the window opening 32 to the window frame 18.

Eine Laufschiene 46 für einen nicht dargestellten Rolladen ist mittels den Putzaufbau durchgreifender Schrauben 48 in der Platte 36 verankert. Auf die Laufschiene 46 einwirkende Kräfte werden auf die Platte 36 übertragen und wirken sich über die ganze Verbindungsfläche der Platte 36 mit der Aussenisolation 12 aus. Die auf eine grosse Fläche der Aussenisolation 12 mit geringer Festigkeit übertragenen Kräfte werden derart vermindert, dass diese widerstehen können.A running track 46 for a roller shutter, not shown, is anchored in the plate 36 by means of screws 48 which reach through the plaster structure. Forces acting on the running rail 46 are transmitted to the plate 36 and have an effect on the entire connecting surface of the plate 36 with the outer insulation 12. The forces transmitted to a large area of the outer insulation 12 with low strength are reduced in such a way that they can withstand.

Wenn nur kleine Krafteinwirkungen auf die Laufschiene 46 zu erwarten sind, kann die Platte 36 stark verkleinert, beispielsweise nur halb so breit sein.If only small forces are to be expected on the running rail 46, the plate 36 can be greatly reduced in size, for example only half as wide.

Die Laufschiene 46 ist mittels mehrerer Schrauben 48, welche lediglich angedeutet sind, in der Platte 36 mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit befestigt. Je nach der Dicke der Platte 36, deren Material und der einwirkenden Kraft stekken die Schrauben 48 in der Platte 36 oder durchgreifen diese.The running rail 46 is fastened in the plate 36 with high mechanical strength by means of several screws 48, which are only indicated. Depending on the thickness of the plate 36, its material and the force acting, the screws 48 are inserted into or penetrate the plate 36.

Im unteren Bereich der Fensteröffnung 32 ist die Fensterbank 50 (Fig. 4) gezeichnet.The window sill 50 (FIG. 4) is drawn in the lower region of the window opening 32.

Im oberen Bereich der Fensteröffnung 32, unmittelbar unter dem Sturz 54, ist ein isolierter Rolladenkasten 52 angeordnet.An insulated roller shutter box 52 is arranged in the upper region of the window opening 32, directly under the lintel 54.

Aus den Fig. 4 und 5 ist ersichtlich, dass sich die Platte 36 in vertikaler Richtung im wesentlichen über die ganze Höhe der Fensteröffnung 32 erstreckt. Die Fensteröffnung 32 ist unten von einer Fensterbank 50 abgeschlossen, bis zu welchem die Laufschiene 46 für den Rolladen führt. Die ebenfalls ersichtliche Zimmerdecke 58 ist mit Täfer 60 bekleidet.4 and 5 that the plate 36 extends in the vertical direction essentially over the entire height of the window opening 32. The window opening 32 is closed at the bottom by a window sill 50, to which the running track 46 for the roller shutters leads. The also visible ceiling 58 is covered with panel 60.

Die Fig. 6 bis 8 zeigen eine Isolationsschicht 64 aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, welche auf der Aussen- oder Innenseite eines Gebäudemauerwerks 10 angebracht ist. In eine ausgesparte Nut wird mittels eines Zweikomponentenklebers 34 eine Verbundplatte 36, 62 eingeklebt, welche z.B.6 to 8 show an insulation layer 64 made of foamed plastic, which is attached to the outside or inside of a building masonry 10. A composite plate 36, 62 is glued into a recessed groove by means of a two-component adhesive 34, which e.g.

  • - eine mit der Oberfläche 38 der Isolationsschicht 64 bündigen Platte 36 mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit und eine Platte 62 mit geringer mechanischer Festigkeit, beispielsweise aus dem gleichen Material wie die Isolationsschicht 64 (Fig. 6),a plate 36 with high mechanical strength that is flush with the surface 38 of the insulation layer 64 and a plate 62 with low mechanical strength, for example made of the same material as the insulation layer 64 (FIG. 6),
  • - zwei Deckplatten 36 und eine Kernplatte 62 aus Schaumstoff (Fig. 7), oder- Two cover plates 36 and a core plate 62 made of foam (Fig. 7), or
  • - zwei Platten 36 und zwei Platten 62 (Fig. 8) umfasst.- Two plates 36 and two plates 62 (Fig. 8).

Bei getrennt angeordneten Platten 36 mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit (Fig. 7, 8) durchgreift beispielsweise eine Schraube die erste Platte und wird in der zweiten Platte, mit oder ohne Durchgriff, verankert.In the case of separately arranged plates 36 with high mechanical strength (FIGS. 7, 8), a screw, for example, passes through the first plate and is anchored in the second plate, with or without penetration.

Zur Erzielung der Flächenbündigkeit der Platte 36 mit der Oberfläche 38 der Isolationsschicht 64 entspricht die Tiefe h der ausgesparten Nut 30 (Fig. 1) jeweils der Dicke der eingesetzten Verbundplatte 36, 62 der Breite b.To achieve the flushness of the plate 36 with the surface 38 of the insulation layer 64, the depth h of the recessed groove 30 (FIG. 1) corresponds in each case to the thickness of the composite plate 36, 62 used and the width b.

Claims (8)

1. Method for attaching mechanical devices, not serving to assemble elements for facade cladd ing, for guiding, hanging, holding or supporting objects on an insulation layer (12, 64) lining masonry (10) and of low mechanical strength, in the region of window (32) and door openings insulated on the outside, characterised in that
- a recess (30) of flat extension is made in situ in the insulation layer (12, 64) applied to the masonry (10), at least one-third of the insulation layer (12, 64) remaining between the recess (30) and the masonry (10), and
- at least one panel (36, 62) dimensioned to correspond to the recess (30) for anchoring the mechanical means is inserted and bonded in over the whole surface on the base of the recess (30), at least the outermost panel (36) being of high mechanical strength.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the recess (30) is made in an insulation layer (12, 64), which consists of a foamed plastic, preferably based on polyurethane or phenolic resol resins, by means of a machine (66) having a metallic resistance wire (68) projecting at right angles.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, for attaching guide rails (46) for slatted roller blinds or slatted shutters, a continuous recess (30) is made, a corresponding panel (36) is bonded in and the rails are attached with screws (48).
4. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, for attaching suspension brackets and resetting means for slatted blinds or window shutters, a trough-shaped recess (30) is made in each case and a corresponding composite panel (36, 62) is bonded in.
5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a prefabricated composite panel (36, 62, 36) is bonded into the recess (30), which panel has, on both sides, covering panels (36) of high strength for attaching devices producing relatively high forces.
6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the individual components (36, 62) of a composite panel bonded into the recess (30) are bonded one after the other in situ.
7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a panel (36) of high mechanical strength is used which consists of a plastic, preferably a melamine resin laminate, a non-rusting metal or wood.
EP89912383A 1988-11-17 1989-11-14 Fastening objects to an insulating layer of low mechanical strength Expired - Lifetime EP0396700B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89912383T ATE74987T1 (en) 1988-11-17 1989-11-14 ATTACHING OBJECTS TO AN INSULATION LAYER OF LOW MECHANICAL STRENGTH.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH4268/88 1988-11-17
CH4268/88A CH674234A5 (en) 1988-11-17 1988-11-17

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EP0396700A1 EP0396700A1 (en) 1990-11-14
EP0396700B1 true EP0396700B1 (en) 1992-04-15

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US (1) US5303529A (en)
EP (1) EP0396700B1 (en)
KR (1) KR900702153A (en)
AU (1) AU625462B2 (en)
CH (1) CH674234A5 (en)
HU (1) HUT58489A (en)
WO (1) WO1990005817A1 (en)

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AU625462B2 (en) 1992-07-09
AU4508089A (en) 1990-06-12
KR900702153A (en) 1990-12-06
US5303529A (en) 1994-04-19
WO1990005817A1 (en) 1990-05-31
CH674234A5 (en) 1990-05-15
EP0396700A1 (en) 1990-11-14
HU896550D0 (en) 1992-01-28
HUT58489A (en) 1992-03-30

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