EP0393448B1 - Shoring apparatus for retaining trenches - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a shoring device for trench shoring with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

A shoring device is known from DE-B-2 702 750. In this known device, the actual spindle is pivotally mounted on two sliding shoes, which are guided in the corresponding supports. The spindle foot has a support plate, at the upper and lower ends of which springs are arranged, which are supported on spring plates which engage with the inside of the support.

With such a shoring device, the spindle can be pivoted relative to the support by a certain angle, so that the shoring panels with the supports can be lowered successively and alternately on both sides of the trench to be produced. If one side of the shoring is arranged lower than the other side, the spindle is tilted so that the lower or upper spring is loaded or unloaded accordingly. Such an inclination of the spindle inevitably causes an inward movement of the two supports arranged opposite, so that the shoring is moved inwards towards the center of the trench. When two spindles are arranged one above the other, a parallelogram is created from a rectangle. Due to the inward movement of the shoring, the soil presses in, so that the next one-sided lowering, in which the spindle parallelogram is again transferred into a spindle rectangle, must be worked against increased earth pressure, i. H. in order to reach the normal width of the trench, the soil that has been pressed in must be pushed away again. This causes an increased load on the supports, sheeting plates and spindles.

A shoring device is known from EP-A-0 095 193, in which a spindle or strut is provided with curved end faces which are supported on a corresponding support via bead-like elastic devices. The respective spindle feet are pivotally mounted on the supports. When the spindle is pivoted relative to the support, the bead-like elastic devices are increasingly pressed together, so that their spring stiffness increases. Since a fixed pivot bearing of the spindle is provided on the support in this device as well, when the spindle is inclined relative to the support, a corresponding inward movement of the support takes place, which causes a reduction in the trench width with a corresponding pressing of the ground. It is also proposed in EP-A-0 095 193 to mount the spindle on the support using an elongated hole; however should can only be achieved by the arrangement of such an elongated hole that even small pivoting movements of the spindle about a vertical axis and also movements in the axial direction of the spindle are possible. Moving the support also cannot be ruled out here.

A shoring device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR-A-2 230 836. In this known shoring device, the spindle foot is not installed in the. H. relieved, state held non-positively on the associated support, namely by means of springs which cooperate between the spindle foot and a bar arranged within a slot in the support and which press the bar against the inner wall of the slot and the end face of the spindle foot against the outer wall of the support. With this type of storage there is a risk that, when not installed, i. H. without pressure load on the support against the spindle, if the springs fail, the spindle foot and thus the spindle slide down on the support.

The invention has for its object to provide a shoring device of the type specified, with which an inward movement of the supports is avoided in a particularly safe manner when lowering the device or with which the alternating lowering of the shoring panels can be effected in particularly large steps relative to one another.

This object is achieved in a shoring device of the type specified by the characterizing features of claim 1.

In the solution according to the invention, there is therefore no more or less firm mounting of the spindle feet on the supports themselves or on slide shoes guided within the supports, which has the disadvantage of an inflexible arrangement, which leads to an inward movement of the supports or the mounting plates with a correspondingly large size Swiveling the spindles leads. Instead, when the one support is lowered relative to the opposite support, the two spindle feet roll on the supports, so that the two force application points move between the spindle feet and the supports. Since there is no fixed connection between the spindle and the support, which hinders such a rolling process, the support is not pulled to the interior of the trench by the corresponding rolling movement, so that it remains in its vertical position and the distance from the support arranged opposite is maintained.

By alternately lowering the two shoring sides, the rolling process described above takes place, which corresponds to a turning process of the spindle around a pivot point located in the middle of the trench.

The spindle feet are held on the supports by means of bolts which are elastically mounted on the spindle base. The bolts can be held in corresponding holes in the supports, which have no excess. The elastic mounting of the bolt on the spindle foot ensures that the rolling movement of the spindle foot on the inside of the support is not hindered by the bolt. In other words, if the spindle foot rolls on the inside of the support, the bolt moves relative to the spindle foot, the elastic bearing provided being more or less compressed. On the other hand, this bearing, however, causes the bolting device to be centered relative to the spindle foot when the shoring device is unloaded or slightly loaded, thereby preventing the supports from being inclined with the shoring plates, for example before lowering into the ground.

A bearing made of rubber or corresponding elastic material, which is arranged in a lateral bore of the spindle foot, is preferably used as the elastic bearing. In other words, a bore which is oversized relative to the bolt is used, the gap between the bore wall and the bolt being filled by the rubber bearing. The elasticity of the rubber bearing is so great that the bolt is thereby centered in the unloaded or lightly loaded state of the shoring device, but can move out of its centered position under high pressure by pressing the rubber bearing. As mentioned, the rolling movement of the spindle foot is not hindered in this way. A rubber bushing surrounding the bolt in the spindle foot bore is expediently used as the rubber bearing. However, this should not rule out the possibility that other constructions can be used if they only have a centering function on the one hand and can be pressed together under a correspondingly high load so that the bolt can move relative to the spindle foot.

The radius of curvature of the end face of the spindle foot expediently corresponds to approximately half the trench width. With this embodiment, the rolling process described above can best be realized. This would mean that a specially designed spindle would be required for each trench width. In practice, however, one and the same spindle will be used for a certain range of trench widths in order not to have too many spindle sizes available. With such an average curvature of the front end of the spindle foot, approximately the same effect can be achieved as described above. For example, with a trench width between 1 and 2 m, a spindle can be used whose spindle base has an average radius of curvature of 0.75 m.

As explained above, the spindle feet are held on the side of the respective support in a manner that does not hinder the rolling movement. It is essential to the invention that this mounting is in fact carried out in such a way that the above-described rolling movement of the spindle foot on the support is in no way impeded, since otherwise the effect described at the outset also occurs that due to a hindrance to the movement of the spindle foot relative to the support an inward movement of the support takes place, which leads to a re-pressing of the soil.

The spindle foot bolt rests on the lower edge of the corresponding recess in the support. In this position, however, it is not ensured that the support and spindle are at right angles to one another, since the contact surface of the spindle foot with the support has the aforementioned curvature, so that inclined positions between the spindle and support can result. To prevent this, elastic devices are expediently provided on the spindle foot above and below the longitudinal axis of the spindle, which produce a rectangular position between the spindle and the support when the shoring device is not installed. In other words, these elastic devices, which are, for example, elastic pillows, springs and the like. Can act, counteract an inclination of the support relative to the spindle foot, since they generate a counterforce due to their bias.

These elastic devices are expediently springs which are mounted in recesses in the spindle foot and are supported on the support. The corresponding preload of the springs can be adjusted accordingly using suitable adjustment devices.

In a further development of the invention, the support is designed as a C-profile and the spindle foot is mounted such that it can be rolled up on the inside of the support wall on the ground side. This C-shape of the support has the advantage that a certain guidance of the support foot in the lateral direction is achieved, i. H. the spindle foot cannot slide sideways from the support. This ensures the rolling process in the vertical plane of the spindle axis and prevents twisting or tilting of the spindle foot. However, the spindle foot should be arranged laterally with some play in the support in order to allow slight lateral movements and thus not endanger the rolling process in the vertical plane by jamming or jamming.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the spindle foot is also curved on its side facing the center of the trench. This embodiment also enables a rolling movement of the spindle foot on the side of the support facing the center of the trench, i. H. on the inside of the two protruding flanges of the C-profile if the support is designed as a C-profile. In certain installation positions of the shoring devices, the spindle foot can come into contact with the inside of the support, here too, according to the invention, a shift of the force application point is achieved by the corresponding rolling movement, and thus a relative movement between the spindle foot and the support is made possible, which allows the support to move with a corresponding inclination Prevents spindle.

The invention is further developed in that a dirt-repellent seal which is in contact with the inner sides of the support is provided on the upper side of the spindle foot. This seal prevents soil from getting stuck between the spindle foot and the inside of the support, that could prevent or hinder a corresponding rolling process of the spindle foot within the support.

It goes without saying that in the shoring device designed according to the invention, the spindle foot and spindle can be formed in one piece. However, both can also consist of two parts which can be fastened to one another in a suitable manner, for example bolted to one another. Both spindle feet can also be assembled with several intermediate parts to form a spindle unit. These configurations are known to the person skilled in the art.

The shoring device designed according to the invention has at least one spindle with two spindle feet, which are in contact with two supports. In practice, two spindles arranged one above the other are used in relation to a pair of supports, which form a clamping frame. It goes without saying that the measures according to the invention are taken on both spindles. More than two spindles can also be arranged one above the other.

According to a further feature of the shoring device designed according to the invention, the spindle foot on its side facing the center of the trench is at a sufficient distance from the inside of the support so that the rolling movement of the spindle foot is not impeded by the lack of contact of this spindle foot side with the inside of the support. Preferably, the side of the spindle foot facing the center of the trench is formed obliquely so that the spindle foot tapers from its center to the upper and lower ends.

It has already been mentioned above that measures are expediently taken to prevent soil from becoming stuck between the spindle foot and the inside of the support, which prevents or hinders a corresponding rolling operation of the spindle foot within the support. To complement these measures, it is also proposed that the spindle foot have longitudinal grooves (i.e. grooves running in the vertical direction) on its curved end face. These grooves ensure that small stones or soil do not get stuck between the end of the spindle foot and the inside of the support, but can be removed through the grooves.

• Figur 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer Verbaueinrichtung, wobei der Spindelfuß in Anlage mit der Stütze dargestellt ist;
• Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf den Spindelfuß von der Grabenmite her gesehen;
• Figur 3 einen Vertikalschnitt entlang Linie 3-3 in Figur 1; und
• Figur 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer Verbaueinrichtung, wobei hierbei eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Spindelfußes zur Anwendung gelangt.

The invention is explained in detail below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:

• 1 shows a vertical section through part of a shoring device, the spindle foot being shown in contact with the support;
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the spindle base seen from the middle of the trench;
• Figure 3 is a vertical section along line 3-3 in Figure 1; and
• FIG. 4 shows a vertical section through part of a shoring device, a further embodiment of a spindle foot being used here.

1 to 3 show part of a shoring device for the trench shoring, the shoring plates supporting the side walls of the trench, there are vertical supports holding the shoring plates and at least one spindle or strut for supporting two supports arranged opposite one another. In the embodiment shown here, two spindles arranged one above the other form a clamping frame with which the supports and thus the shoring plates are kept at a distance from one another.

Each spindle, which can consist of several parts, which can be extended and shortened via corresponding threaded connections, has two spindle feet 5, each of which is in contact with one of two supports 1 arranged opposite one another. Figure 1 shows a vertical section through a spindle foot 5 of such a spindle, which is in engagement with a support 1.

In this embodiment, the support 1 is of C-shaped cross section and has a wall 2 facing the ground to be supported, two side walls 4 and two flanges 3 facing the center of the trench and parallel to the wall 2, which form a longitudinal slot between them. Corresponding holding devices for the shoring plates are arranged on the side of the support and each extend between two supports.

The spindle foot 5 shown here has an elongated foot section and a tubular section 7 formed therewith in one piece, which can be bolted to a suitable spindle piece via bores 16. Support wall sections 8 extend between the foot section and the tubular section 7. FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the spindle foot 5 as seen from the center of the trench, while FIG. 3 shows a section through the spindle foot along line 3 - 3 in FIG. 1. It can be seen that above and below the tube section 7 of the spindle foot two round lugs 10 are provided, directed towards the center of the trench, arranged in the recesses 9 are, which extend to the ground-side end face 6 of the spindle foot. In these recesses springs 12 are mounted, the degree of compression of which can be adjusted via an adjusting bolt 11 extending through the extension 10. These springs 12 are supported in the installed state of the shoring device on the inside of the soil-side wall 2 of the support 1.

The end face 6 of the spindle foot 5 on the ground side is curved in the vertical plane running through the spindle axis. The radius of curvature corresponds to approximately half the trench width. As a result, a rolling movement of the spindle foot on the inside of the support wall 2 is possible.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, two holes 15 extend in the lateral direction from the bore 14 of the spindle foot 5, which is used to receive the spindle part, and extend to the lateral edges of the spindle foot. These holes are used to hold mounting bolts (not shown) for the spindle foot, which further extend through recesses in the two side walls 4 of the support.

The shoring device described here works in the following way: when transporting the shoring device or when placing it on the ground, the springs 12 ensure that the two supports and the two spindles assume a perpendicular position to one another, since the springs prevent the supports from being skewed . A corresponding setting of the preload of the springs can be made via the adjusting bolts 11. which are arranged in the lugs 10 which extend through the slot of the C-profile-shaped support. In the transport or set-up state, the two spindles 5 are held in the C-supports via the bolts (not shown), these bolts extending through bores 15 in the aforementioned recesses in the side walls of the supports. These bolts can simultaneously serve to fix the spindle foot 5 to a corresponding spindle part.

When the shoring device is lowered, both sides are driven somewhat into the ground, so that the shoring device is fixed in the ground. Then the one side is lowered relative to the other side, the contact between the spindle foot and the support wall 2 resulting in a rolling action of the corresponding foot on the support wall 2 on both supports. The corresponding contact point moves up or down. This does not affect the spacing of the supports, since the inclined position of the spindle, which is accompanied by the one-sided lowering, means that no tensile forces are exerted on the supports.

In order to prevent soil from penetrating into the support, which could hinder the above-mentioned rolling process, a corresponding dirt seal 13 is provided on the top of the spindle foot, which slides along the wall 2 and the flanges 3 of the support.

In the embodiment described here, the spindle is bolted (unplugged) to the spindle foot at two points 15 and 16. Triple bolting or multiple bolting (stakeout) is also possible.

Another embodiment of a shoring device is shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that a spindle foot 20 with a curved end face 25 is arranged within a support 22 with a C profile such that the spindle foot can roll with its end face 25 on the inside 23 of the wall of the support adjacent to the ground. Here, too, the radius of curvature of the end face 25 corresponds approximately to half the trench width. The spindle foot 20 has a section 21 which points towards the center of the trench and which can be connected, for example bolted, to one or more spindles.

In this embodiment, the spindle foot 20 is designed such that sufficient space remains between the inside 24 of the side of the support facing the trench center and the corresponding rear 29 of the spindle foot, so that the rolling movement of the spindle foot is not hindered by contact between these two surfaces. For this purpose, the back 29 is formed obliquely, so that the spindle foot tapers from the center up and down. A dirt-repellent element 30 is located at the upper end of the spindle foot.

The spindle foot is held in the support via a cross bolt 27 which extends into the corresponding bores of the support. The holes in the support can be designed to match the bolt. When the spindle foot performs a rolling operation, the bolt 27 moves out of its central position in relation to its oversized bore 26 in the spindle foot, so that the elastic bearing 28, which is designed as a rubber bushing, is compressed accordingly.

The elastic bearing has such elasticity that it holds the bolt centrally in the unloaded or lightly loaded state of the shoring device, but allows the bolt to migrate relative to the spindle foot in a corresponding rolling operation.

Claims (11)

1. An assembly for shoring a trench, said assembly comprising shoring plates supporting the side walls of the trench, vertical posts (1) supporting the shoring plates,and at least one spindle or brace for supporting two oppositely disposed posts (1), wherein in the installed condition the two spindle feet (5, 20) are pressed against the respective posts (1) with their front sides (6, 25),and the front sides (6, 25) of the spindle feet (5, 20) are curved and are supported on the posts (1) in a rollable manner, characterized in that each spindle foot (5, 20) includes a bolt (27) which is resiliently supported in a lateral bore (15, 26) at the spindle foot (5, 20), the spindle foot (5, 20) being laterally held at the respective post (1) in a manner by which the rolling movement is not hindered, wherein the resiliency of the resilient bearing (28) has such a magnitude that the bolt (27) is centered hereby in the unloaded or slightly loaded condition of the assembly, but can migrate out of its central position upon a high load with pressing of the resilient bearing (28).
2. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral bore (15, 26) is overdimensioned with respect to the bolt (27), wherein the interspace between the wall of the bore and the bolt (27) is filled by a bearing bush forming the resilient bearing (28) and surrounding the bolt (27).
3. The assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the front side (6, 25) of the spindle foot (5, 20) approximately corresponds to half of the width of the trench.
4. The assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that resilient means are provided at the spindle foot (5, 20) above and below the longitudinal axis of the spindle, said means establishing a right-angled relation between spindle and post (1) in the non-installed condition.
5. The assembly according to claims 4, characterized in that the resilient means are springs (12) bearing in recesses (9) of the spindle foot (5) and supported at the post (1).
6. The assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the post (1) is formed as C-profile and that the spindle foot (5) is supported on the inner side of the post wall (2) adjacent to the ground in a rollable manner.
7. The assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the bolt (27) is supported in recesses located in the side walls of the C-profile.
8. The assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle foot (5) is also curved on its side adjacent to the middle of the trench.
9. The assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a dirt-rejecting seal (13) which is in contact with the inner sides of the post (1) is provided on the upper side of the spindle foot (5, 20).
10. The assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle feet (5, 20) are adapted to be assembled to a spindle with one or a plurality of intermediate members.
11. The assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes two spindles which are located one above the other.

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